Hypothalamic-pituitary system

Hypothalamo-pituitary system yog ib tug yam ntxwv union morphofunctional pituitary (txheej txheem ntawm lub qis appendage ntawm lub paj hlwb) thiab hypothalamus (card nyob rau hauv lub diencephalon) uas yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev cai ntawm autonomic zog nyob rau hauv lub cev lub ntsiab.

Ua nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev diencephalon cov tshuaj hormones muaj ib tug ncaj qha inhibitory los yog stimulating nyhuv on lub tso pa tawm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones qis cerebral appendage. Nyob rau hauv no cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hypothalamo-pituitary system thiab nws muaj lub tswv yim muaj nuj nqi. Nws yog npaj rau kev cai ntawm lawm secretion thiab synthesis (los ntawm kev ua zus tau tej cov tshuaj hormones nyob rau hauv endocrine qog yog txo secretion ntawm cov tshuaj hormones nyob rau hauv ib tug department diencephalon). Hypothalamic-pituitary system xeem tawm tswv yim, pab kom muaj constancy nyob rau hauv lub cev.

Gipofizotropnye cov tshuaj hormones diencephalon card muab faib mus rau hauv liberiny (reinforcing) thiab ib tug statin (braking) ntawm lub duas paub ntau lawm Tropic cov tshuaj hormones. Lub intermediate seem tiam yog ua lub hlwb neuropeptides (ib yam ntawm cov protein molecules).

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov tshuaj hormones hypophysis hypothalamus stimulating nyhuv, raws li txwv mus rau prolactin - secretion yog nyob rau hauv tonic inhibitory cawv hypothalamus.

Yog hais tias qhov kev puas tsuaj (qis tshaj transection) nyob rau hauv lub qis lub hlwb kav appendage conserved secretion ntawm oxytocin thiab vasopressin axons nyob rau hauv theem nrab eminence. Yog li, nws tsis tsim ntshav qab zib insipidus. Tshem tawm ntawm lub hypothalamus los yog siab transection ntawm ob txhais ceg nkoos oxytocin ntau lawm tsis tau, vasopressin, thiab tag nrho tab sis tus prolactin lawm nyob rau hauv lub pituitary caj pas.

Yog li, lub zog ntawm lub hypothalamic-pituitary system.

Physiology assumes realization kev sib raug zoo los ntawm portal hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv lub adenohypophysis. Leeg tshav phab ntsa permeability txawv rau loj proteins. Pawg xaiv cell nuclei yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hypothalamus. Ntawm lawv yog cov 32 officers. Lawv koom nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws zog nyob rau hauv lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no feeb meej ntau dua cov chaw ntawm cov sympathetic thiab parasympathetic cov pawg ntawm cov autonomic lub paj hlwb nyob rau hauv. Yog li, cov ntshav siab kev cai yog nqa tawm, Thaum tshav kub kub, pw tsaug zog, Thaum tshav kub kub lawm, tsis qab los noj mov, thiab lwm yam vascular permeability.

Hypothalamic-pituitary system yog muab kev koom tes tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv kev tswj cov constancy ntawm lub sab hauv ib puag ncig ntawm tus txiv neej. Nws kuj muaj ib tug txhua hli, txhua hnub, raws caij nyoog, thiab lwm yam zoo hormonal hloov mus hloov los.

HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) yog tau muaj ib tug tseem ceeb inhibitory ntxim rau cov hauj lwm ntawm cov poj niam deev system ntawm txawv muaj ntau seem. Ua nyob rau hauv tus ntawm CRH (KTRG - corticotropin-tso hormone) proopiomelanocortin peptides pheev inhibitory ntxim rau zus tau tej cov hypothalamic gonadotropin-tso lawm. Glucocorticoids inhibit zus tau tej cov LH (luteinizing hormone) pituitary thiab progesterone thiab cov tshuaj no nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam, qis rhiab heev ntawm txawv nqaij rau estradiol.

Yog li, lub ntsiab luag hauj lwm ntawm lub HPA axis yog txiav txim thaum txoj kev ua rau kev nyuaj siab amenorrhea (tsis muaj coj khaub ncaws thaum lub sij hawm ntau tshaj li 6 lub hlis), "hypothalamic". Nrog rau no, muaj ib tug ncaj qha stimulatory ntxim rau cov tshuaj no noob promoter (ua ntej ib theem zuj zus ntawm nucleotides), uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub synthesis KTRG thiab noradrenergic lug nyob rau hauv lub Cns. Qhov no piav txog cov muaj cov me me hypercortisolism (nce functionality adrenal cortex), ntxhov siab vim, mus ob peb vas ntshawv siab, mus ob peb vas viav vias, qab los noj mov mob thiab lwm yam kev mob.