Heroic paj huam - nws yog ... ib tug heroic paj huam nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug heroic zaj paj huam? Obviously, qhov no yog ib lub sij hawm denoting ib tug txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem. Tshaj nws yog yus thiab txawv los ntawm tus so? Nyob rau hauv uas lub teb chaws tau tsim xws tej hauj lwm? Yuav ua li cas yuav pab raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no yuav muaj nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub tswvyim

Twv yuav raug hu, "heroic paj huam" - ib tug puas lub sij hawm. Nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv ob lub tswv yim: tus "Paj Huam" thiab "Hero". Nws ua rau kev txiav txim zoo xav txog txhua lub nyias, thiab ces muab cov ntsiab lus.

Paj Huam (los ntawm cov Greek. Poiema «creation") raws li ib hom ntawv nyeem yog ib tug loj ntim ntawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv verses txog lyric-epic genus. Qhov no ua hauj lwm muaj ob peb qhov chaw, koom los ntawm ib tug storyline, nyob rau hauv uas narrative dhau tej kev tshwm sim ceeb. Nta ntawm cov paj huam raws li ib tug txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem:

• unwrapped zaj dab neeg (ntau scenes thiab cov txheej xwm);
• narrative latitude (tej zaum npog lub xyoo thiab ntau tiam neeg);
• sib sib zog nqus qhib duab lyrical.

paj huam keeb kwm pw nyob rau hauv lub ancient thiab medieval epics.

Hero (.. Los ntawm cov Greek geros «ib tug siab tawv, muaj zog txiv neej, ib tug demi-vaj tswv" thiab Fabkis heros «hero») - nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, lo lus no yuav sawv cev rau cov hauv qab no lub tswv yim:

• lub protagonist ntawm ib tug ua hauj lwm;
• Valiant siab tawv, performer ntawm feats.

Tsim los ntawm cov noun "hero", lub chaw "heroic", ntsig txog, yuav txhais li cas raws li nram no:

• muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm heroism;
• piav txog tej heroic cov txheej xwm.

Heroic Paj Huam: Lus Txhais

Siv lub ntsiab txhais ntawm "Paj Huam" thiab "hero" yuav tsum formulated, uas txhais tau tias "heroic paj huam". Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv multipart poetic ua hauj lwm, lub ntsiab ntawm cov uas yog ib co tseem ceeb thiab heroic cov txheej xwm feem ntau txuam nrog rau legendary cim thiab lawv exploits los yog mus ncig teb chaws.

Heroic paj huam - yog, saum toj no tag nrho, ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab, uas yog ib tug txawj ua pej xeem epic, yam ntxwv ntawm ntau haiv neeg thiab cov uas tau muaj txij li thaum antiquity.

Heroic paj huam nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv los yog lwm muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua txhua lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Epic pej xeem sawv maj merged mus rau hauv poetic mus, ces tau txais koob meej thiab tej chaw.

Feem ntau, cov epic yog tus sau, ua ke thiab ua disparate txawj legends. Piv txwv ntawm ancient heroic epic yog: Indian "Ramayana" thiab "Mahabharata", Greek "Iliad" thiab "Odyssey", cov laus Norse "Edda" Finnish "Kalevala", lub teb chaws Yelemees tus "Nkauj ntawm lub Nibelungs", lub Fabkis "Song ntawm Roland", lub Italian "Yeluxalees Tauj," Anglo-Saxon "Beowulf" thiab thiaj on. n.

Los ntawm antiquity rau classicism

Ib hom ntawv nyeem heroic epic tshwm sim paj huam zoo li sij hawm ancient, thiab cov nram qab centuries. Nws ncov nws mus txog rau hauv lub XVIII caug xyoo., Thiab tau enthusiastically coj los tus neeg sawv cev ntawm classicism. Keeb kwm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm zaj paj huam attracted rau lawv cov heroic pathos, sublimity thiab kev ua pej xeem. Lub lyrical hero ntawm cov paj huam tas yuav tsum tau ib lub koob qauv. Classicists hu ua cov hauj lwm pinnacle ntawm poetic kos duab. Nws twb ntseeg tau tias txhua lub teb chaws yuav tsum siv zog mus tsim lawv tus kheej heroic kwv huam.

Nyob rau theem ntawm flowering ntawm classical heroic paj huam - yog ib tug poetic ua hauj lwm sau sublime style thiab muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm hau, feem ntau xa mus rau raws li "nkauj". Lub ntsiab ntawm lub narrative tsis ua keeb kwm cov txheej xwm, tseem ceeb rau cov neeg ntawm lub teb chaws thiab tag nrho ntawm cov tib neeg. Lwm lub npe rau qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem - epic.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov heroic paj huam

Raws li cov canons ntawm classicism, xws ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau muaj xws li cov nram qab no Cheebtsam:

• pib qhia txog cov kev kawm ntawm lub narrative;
• Kuv rov hais dua mus rau cov neeg uas tshwm sim rau hauv lub kws sau paj lug;
• loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus piav sib ntaus sib tua scenes;
• zoo heev scene ntsiab thiab mythological cim;
• allegorical cim sawv cev vice virtue Justice, lub hwj chim, kev khib thiab m. p.;
• kab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej teem tawm raws li ib tug yav tom ntej.

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab kev lig kev cai

Lavxias teb sab heroic zaj paj huam yog tsim nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm M. V. Lomonosova ( "Petr Veliky"), V. K. Trediakovskogo ( "Tilemahida"), A. P. Sumarokova ( "Dimitriadi") thiab A. N. Maykova ( "dim Moscow ") thiab M. M. Heraskova (" The sib ntaus sib tua "thiab" Rossiada "). Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm tau sau nyob rau hauv lub classical style. Kheej proceeded raws li ib tug ntawm lwm txoj kev: yog kos duab keeb kwm dominance nyob rau hauv lub cuab ntxhiab. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj qhia ntau txog yog nyob rau khaws cia rau hauv lub keeb kwm authenticity, thiab lub thib ob - nyob rau artistic txhais lus ntawm cov txheej xwm ntawm lub yav dhau los thiab cov kev loj hlob ntawm lawv kev coj tsis ncaj kev ntsuam xyuas. Yog li ntawd, ib txhia Lavxias teb sab heroic kwv huam yog sib txawv heev los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv style thiab ua kom pom tseeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub Eastern kev lig kev cai

Heroic paj huam nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj yog ib tug me me epic ib hom ntawv nyeem, lub npe hu ua lub "Dastan" (txhais los ntawm Persian "zaj dab neeg"). Tej kev ua hauj lwm yuav tsum sau nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, luag, thiab txawm mixed lus (ie yuav muab cov paj huam thiab prose).

Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv ib zajlus dastan nteg pej xeem legends thiab fairy tales. No ib hom ntawv nyeem yog heev fi thiab taug txuj kev nyuaj dab neeg nrog ib tug ntau yam ntawm txoj twists thiab koj lem. Cov duab ntawm lub hero yog ib tug ncaj ncees zoo tagnrho. Yog li, sab hnub tuaj epos yog ib tug analogue ntawm cov European heroic paj huam.

Qhov no txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem yog sawv cev nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lub Tajik-Persian, Uzbek thiab Kazakh paj huam. Piv txwv ntawm Oriental heroic kwv huam: "Layla thiab Majnun", classic Persian paj huam Nizami Gyandzhevi, lub epic paj huam "Shahnameh" Ferdowsi, paj huam Uzbek kws sau paj lug Alisher Navoi thiab Persian-Tajik kws sau paj lug Jami.

Tracing lub keeb kwm txoj kev uas dhau lub heroic paj huam, peb yuav confidently vajhuam hais tias qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov tib neeg ntawm tag nrho cov theem ntawm nws lub neej, thiab tau tsim ntxiv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.