Uas hnub qub systems nyob?

Hnub qub ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov kev xav tau, tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov hnub qub yog ib qho tseem ceeb ... Tab sis yog tsis yog txhua txhua ntawm cov hnub qub nyob saum ntuj yog cov tib? Oddly txaus, tsis muaj. Star systems muaj ib tug txawv qauv thiab ib tug txawv kev faib yam. Thiab txawm ci nyob rau hauv lub system yuav ua tau ntau tshaj ib tug. Nws yog nyob rau no hauv paus nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw thiab lub distinguished zaum ntawm lub galaxy stellar systems.

Ua ntej cov tswv yim ncaj qha mus rau lub kev faib tawm, nws yog tsim nyog los qhia ntxiv li cas nyob rau hauv kev yuav tau los sib tham. Yog li, lub hnub qub system - ib tug galactic units muaj li ntawm cov hnub qub revolving rau ib tug tsim txoj kev thiab txuas gravitationally. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, muaj tshwm sim rau hauv lub qhov system planetary, muaj raws, nyob rau hauv lem, asteroids thiab ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, ib qho cuab piv txwv ntawm ib lub hnub qub system - Hnub ci, paub rau peb.

Txawm li cas los, tsis tag nrho cov galaxy yog lawm ua tus sau nrog xws li lub nruab. Star tshuab txawv feem ntau nyob rau hauv multiplicity. Nws yog tseeb hais tias qhov no kom muaj nuj nqis yog heev tsawg, txij thaum ib tug ntev lub sij hawm system nrog peb los yog ntau tshaj cov hnub qub muaj sib npaug zos nqi tsis muaj nyob. Stability yuav tsum guaranteed xwb los ntawm lub hierarchy. Xws li hais tias peb tivthaiv yog tsis ib lub hnub qub twb "sab nraum lub rooj vag", nws yuav tsum tsis txhob tuaj nyob ze rau ib tug ruaj khov dual system los ze zog tshaj 8-10 hom radii. Nws yog tsis tsim nyog rau nws mus yuav ib zaug xwb - qhov no tej zaum yuav zoo tau ib tug muab ob npaug rau lub hnub qub. Zuag qhia tag nrho, 100 hnub qub nyob ib ncig ntawm peb caug - ib, plaub caug xya - ob, nees nkaum peb - quav.

ntau hnub qub

Tsis zoo li cov txhiaj txiv mim uas, cov hnub qub yog cov zauv ntawm interconnected kev sib nrig sib gravitational hauv, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug luv luv deb ntawm txhua lwm yam. Lawv tsiv ua ke, rotating nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lawv system - thiaj li hu ua barycenter.

Ib tug prime piv txwv yog Mizar, lub npe hu rau peb los ntawm lub loj loj tshob. Nws yog ib nqi them mloog kom nws "kov" - nws nruab nrab lub hnub qub. Ntawm no koj yuav pom ib tug dim glow ntawm nws khub. Mizar-Alcor - binary lub hnub qub, nws tseem tau mus pom tsis muaj tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej. Yog hais tias koj siv ib tug tsom iav raj, nws yuav paub tseeb hais tias nws Mitsar- ob npaug rau, muaj raws ntawm Cheebtsam A thiab B.

binary hnub qub

Star systems nyob rau hauv uas ob teeb qhia, hu ua ob. Xws li ib tug system yuav ruaj khov yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj tidal los, hloov ntawm loj ntawm lub hnub qub thiab cov ntxaug ntawm lwm yam rog. Lub teeb mus nrog ib tug elliptical orbit yuav luag endlessly revolving nyob ib ncig ntawm nws chaw ntawm loj ntawm lub system.

Nrig txog kev pom ob lub hnub qub

Cov ntxaib hnub qub uas yuav pom nrog ib tug tsom iav raj, los yog txawm nrog tsis muaj pab kiag li lawm hu ua nrig txog kev pom binaries. Alpha Centauri, piv txwv li, yog xws li ib tug system. Starry ntuj richly xws piv txwv. Qhov thib peb lub hnub qub ntawm no system - cov nyob ze ntawm tag nrho cov rau peb tus kheej - Proxima Centauri. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, xws li ib tug khub ntawm halves txawv nyob rau hauv cov xim. Yog li ntawd, Antares muaj ib tug liab thiab ntsuab hnub qub Albireo - xiav thiab txiv kab ntxwv, Beta Cygni - daj thiab ntsuab. Tag nrho cov khoom yog ib qho yooj yim mus soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub refracting telescope uas tso cai rau cov tub txawg rau confidently xam cov coordinates ntawm cov hnub qub, lawv ceev thiab cov kev taw qhia.

Spectroscopic binaries

Feem ntau nws hloov tawm hais tias ib lub hnub qub yog ib lub hnub qub system nyob heev nyob ze rau qhov lwm. Yog li ntawd ntau npaum li ntawd txawm lub feem ntau haib telescope yog tsis muaj peev xwm mus ntes lawv duality. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kev pab los spectrometer. Thaum dhau los ntawm lub ntaus ntawv teeb yog decomposed rau hauv ib tug spectrum delimited los ntawm dub kab. Cov bands yog pauv los ntawm nce los yog tshem tawm cov luminary los ntawm ib tug saib. Thaum lub expansion ntawm lub spectrum ntawm ib tug binary lub hnub qub peb muaj ob kab, hloov lub suab ntawm ob lub Cheebtsam nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, Mizar A thiab B, Alcor - spectroscopic binary. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv kuj muaj kev mus rau hauv ib tug loj system ntawm rau cov hnub qub. Cia li tsis pom kev coj yam Castor - ib lub hnub qub nyob rau hauv lub constellation Gemini - yog ib tug spectroscopic binary.

noticeably binaries

Muaj nyob rau hauv lub galaxy thiab lwm yam lub hnub qub systems. Piv txwv li, tej cheebtsam uas yog tsiv li ntawd lub dav hlau ntawm lawv orbits ze mus rau saib tus kab ntawm pom los ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv obscure txhua lwm yam, tsim ib tug kev sib nrig sib dab noj hnub. Thaum lub sij hawm txhua yam ntawm lawv peb yuav pom tsuas yog ib ntawm lub cev, li no kom txhob muaj lawv tag nrho brilliance. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias ib tug ntawm cov hnub qub yog ntau dua no yuav txo tau yog tseem ceeb.

Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo markedly binaries - Algol nyob rau hauv lub constellation Perseus. Nrog leej Team sib ntawm 69 teev, nws brightness dauv mus rau ib tug thib peb muaj nuj nqis, tab sis tom qab 7 teev tsub kom rov qab mus rau ib tug thib ob. Qhov no hnub qub yog feem ntau hu ua "winks dab ntxwg nyoog." Sab nws yog tseem nyob rau hauv 1782 los ntawm Englishman John Goodricke.

Nrog ntau ntawm peb ntiaj chaw binary lub hnub qub zoo li ib tug nce mus nce los, uas tom qab ib tug tej lub sij hawm luv hloov lub brightness, uas coincides nrog lub sij hawm ntawm cov hnub qub nyob ib ncig ntawm txhua lwm yam. Tej hnub qub yog hu ua tseem markedly nce mus nce los. Sib nrug ntawm no, muaj lub cev ntau yam ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - tsifeidy, lub ci ci uas yog tswj los ntawm hauv dab.

Cov evolution ntawm binary hnub qub

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, yog ib lub hnub qub ntawm lub binary system yog loj, sai dua nws allotted lub neej voj voog. Thaum lub ob lub hnub qub yog dab tsi, nws "ib nrab" puv rau hauv ib tug liab giant, ces ib tug dawb ntsias. Cov feem nthuav tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv no system pib thaum lub liab ntsias lub hnub qub ua lub thib ob. Dawb nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no attracts sau gases expanding "tus kwv tij." Hais txog 100 txhiab xyoo yog txaus rau qhov kub thiab siab mus txog rau qib uas yuav tsum tau nuclear fusion. Gas plhaub cia li tawg ci nrog zoo kawg quab yuam, ua rau cov ntsias luminosity nce yuav luag ib lab lub sij hawm. Soj Ntsuam rau lub ntiaj teb hu nws cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug tshiab lub hnub qub.

Astronomers ntes tshwm sim thiab xws li ib qhov teeb meem nyob qhov twg ib tug ntawm cov Cheebtsam yog ib tug dog dig lub hnub qub, thiab lub thib ob - ib tug heev loj heev, tab sis tsis muaj neeg pom, muaj ib tug siv tau qhov twg los ntawm khaus X-ray tawg. Qhov no qhia hais tias tus thib ob feem yog ib tug dub qhov - lub remnants ntawm ib zaug loj heev lub hnub qub. Ntawm no, raws li kws txawj, cov nram qab no yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw: siv cov haib lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, dub qhov attracts hnub qub roj cua. Tau kos nyob rau hauv ib tug kauv ntawm kev kub ceev, lawv yog rhuab, tso ua ntej disappearing rau hauv lub qhov hluav taws xob hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov X-rays.

Zaum tau xaus lus tias tus muaj zog X-ray qhov proves lub hav zoov ntawm dub qhov.

Triple lub hnub qub system

Hnub Ci hnub qub system, raws li tau pom, tsis yog cov kev xaiv xwb qauv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus ib thiab ob hnub qub nyob rau hauv lub kaw lus yuav tau saib thiab xav paub ntxiv txog lawv. Lub zog ntawm xws systems yog ntau npaum li cas complex tshaj txawm lub ob. Txawm li cas los, tej zaum muaj cov hnub qub nruab nrog ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm lub teeb (nyob rau hauv excess, txawm li cas los, ob units), uas muaj ib tug yooj yim haum puab. Hu rau xws li ib tug ntau yam system. Yog hais tias lub hnub qub nyob rau hauv lub cev, peb, nws muaj ib tug triple lub npe.

Feem ntau yog ib tug zoo ntawm ntau yam systems - triple. Yog li ntawd, rov qab nyob rau hauv 1999 nyob rau hauv lub catalog ntawm ntau yam hnub qub ntawm 728 ntau systems, ntau tshaj 550 yog triple. Nyob rau hauv keeping nrog cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub hierarchy ntawm nyob tus yeees ntawm cov tshuab yog hais tias lub ob lub hnub qub yog zoo spaced, ib tug deb heev.

Nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav qauv ntau lub hnub qub systems yog ntau npaum li cas nyuab tshaj ob npaug, txij li thaum xws li ib tug system yuav qhia chaotic tus cwj pwm. Muaj ntau ntawm cov pawg no, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog heev tsis ruaj tsis khov, uas ua nyob rau hauv lub ncaws ntawm ib qho ntawm cov hnub qub. Tsis txhob xws li ib tug scenario no tau tsuas rau cov neeg systems, nyob rau hauv uas lub hnub qub yog cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib tug hierarchical yam. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob lub Cheebtsam yog muab faib ua ob pab pawg ntawm cov yam nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw ntawm loj loj orbit. Tsis pub dhau pab pawg zoo li yuav tsum tau ib tug ntshiab hierarchy.

dua multiplicities

Academic paub lub hnub qub systems thiab nrog ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, Scorpio yog muaj li ntawm ntau tshaj xya hnub qub.

Yog li ntawd, nws muab tawm hais tias tsis tsuas lub ntiaj chaw lub hnub qub system, tab sis lub tshuab lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub galaxy tsis yog tib yam. Txhua tus ntawm lawv yog cim, sib txawv thiab heev nthuav. Zaum nrhiav tau ntau yam thiab ntau cov xov tooj ntawm cov hnub qub, thiab tej zaum tsis ntev peb yuav paub txog lub hav zoov ntawm ntse lub neej, tsis tsuas yog nyob rau peb tus kheej ntiaj chaw.