Iav. Cov kev npaj thiab kev siv. Khob Melting point

Raws li ib tug ntawm cov hiob cov ntaub ntawv, iav twb tau muab siv los ntawm noob neej rau txhiab xyoo, tsis yog ib tug. Lub versatility ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas tso cai rau nws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm industries. Physico-tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lub iav yog hais txog inorganic tebchaw, nws yog ib qho nyuaj, muaj ib tug amorphous qauv yog isotropic.

Rau txhua hom ntawm cov iav tsim txoj kev yus nyob rau hauv hloov hauv lub xeev ntawm aggregation ntawm flowable, mas khov rau glassy daim ntawv. Qhuav technology muab cua txias nws ntawm ib tus nqi uas tsis pub kom txav mus rau hauv lub qhuav rau theem crystallization.

Khob melting kub nyob rau nws zoo thiab yuav tsum ua tau zoo. Feem ntau, ua noj ua haus yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw tshaj ib tug ncaj ntau los ntawm 300 mus 2500 ° C kub ntau. Thaj chaw ntawm no substance nyob rau lub Cheebtsam muaj nyob rau hauv daim iav-txoj kev qhuav. Daim ntawv yog heev uas nws kim heev thiab yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm oxides, phosphates, fluorides, thiab lwm yam additives. Nyob rau hauv no classic, transparency tsis yog lub xeem feature rau cov sib txawv ntawm cov iav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov thiab tsim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm lawm.

Los ntawm cov feem ntau ancient iav crafts, sau hnub tim xya centuries BC, tau ntsib archeologists koom nyob rau hauv excavations nyob rau hauv Iyi tebchaws. Cov no yog cov hlaws dai thiab amulets. Tab sis tom qab ib tug ob peb txhiab xyoo, kom txog thaum lub advent ntawm thawj muaj nroj tsuag, iav factories ntawm lub xyoo pua. Ib tug feature ntawm cov iav ntau lawm nyob rau hauv cov nqi yog hais tias lub melting point ntawm cov iav tau los ntawm kev siv thee, thiab rau melting steel boilers kaw.

Ua ntej ntawd siv raws li roj ntoo, iav-ntev cob qhia nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, ua li khiav ri cub tawg thiab cov roj noj nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam sai sai. Lub boilers twb qhib, cov ntoo tsis tso tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau transparency thiab xim ntawm cov khoom tso zis. Qhov kub nyob rau hauv lub khob melting txheej txheem ntawm lub hom mus txog 1450 ° C.

Ib qho tseem ceeb tshwm sim yog tus tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov XX xyoo pua zus tau tej cov tiaj iav txoj kev, npe hu ua tom qab nws tsim tawm Emilya Furko, uas npaj ib txoj kev rau lub tshuab hood. Nws muaj kom txog thaum 1959, nws tau hloov txoj kev cai los ntawm cov ntab txoj kev, tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab "Pilkington".

Lub ntsiab Cheebtsam ntawm ib tug pa iav yog silica xuab zeb nyob rau hauv ib qho ratio ntawm 69-74%, dej qab zib (12-16%), limestone thiab dolomite (5-12%). Tab sis nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ntau lawm yog tseem ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog lub ntsuas kub ntawm uas iav melts tab sis uas yaj cua txias npaum li cas. Raws, raws li qhov sai txias yuav tsum tau vitreous thiab hlau, lub ntsiab lub sij hawm kom txias lub qhuav rau tus siv lead ua ntxaij ntoo tsim.

Thaum tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm txaus nyiam thaj chaw ntawm pa iav thaum lub sij hawm muaj ib qho mob ceev yuav tsum tau rau ib tug ntau check thiab khaub-ncaws nyias pob tshab khoom. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws tau kov ua lag luam, specializing nyob rau hauv aircraft siv. Plexiglas tau txais nws lub npe xwb rau ib tug ces dag resemblance rau ib tug ib txwm iav.

Nws tej yam kuj mus txog tsib lub sij hawm ntau dua, nws yog yooj yim los mus 2.5 lub sij hawm. Raws li nws nce mus txog theem ntawm lub teeb kis tau tus mob ntawm 92%, nws muaj ib tug high kuj rau cov laus. Ntau yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua plexiglass nyob rau hauv lub ua. Melting point plexiglass yog nyob rau hauv 90-105 degrees, uas tso cai rau nws mus yuav tshav kub kho.

Tab sis ob qho tag nrho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv muaj npaum li cas txhua txhua niche nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub chaw ua hauj lwm. Tsoos inorganic iav nrees tuav nws txoj hauj lwm thiab tsis yog yuav mus coj qhov tseeb organic polymers.

Siv ib tug broad spectrum ntawm ntau yam impurities thiab additives muab ib tug ceeb tsis tau tsuas yog tus kho qhov muag yam ntxwv ntawm cov iav, tab sis kuj ho zoo nws txhua yam khoom.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus muaj daim ntaub ntawv, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis kom nco ntsoov lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab iav. Master glassmakers, ntxiv rau kev lig kev cai ntawm lub ancient ntxias tsim masterpieces ua los ntawm lub khob mus rau hauv ib tug yeej muaj tseeb kos duab. Nyob rau hauv lawv cob qhia Furnaces iav melting kub yog mus txog, ua hauj lwm yuav luag tes nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog ua lawv qhia zoo kawg li lub tswv yim, tab sis kuj siv ib tug ntau ntawm lub cev dag zog.