Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings (luv luv)

Nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj 1066 nyob ze ntawm lub English lub zos ntawm Hastings nws yog ib tug ntawm cov bloodiest battles ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nws yog tus tom ntej no txuas nyob rau hauv lub confrontation ntawm Normans thiab Anglo-Saxons. Qhov no sib ntaus sib tua, nws tshwm sim tau muaj ib tug zoo kawg li tej yam nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej chav kawm ntawm European keeb kwm, muaj pov thawj disastrous rau lub British thiab King Harold II. Nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv nws tau raug fwm raws li cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings.

Txheej xwm ua mus txog rau lub sib ntaus sib tua

Tab sis ua ntej peb pib sib tham txog cov sib ntaus sib tua nws tus kheej, hais tias ib tug ob peb lo lus hais txog cov txheej xwm uas preceded nws yog vim li cas rau nws. Lub fact tias cov thawj coj ntawm lub Norman Duke William tau txais los ntawm lub qub huab tais Edward lub confessor tsa tes cog lus tias nws yuav ua kom nws lub txais ntawm cov lus Askiv yas. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov fact tias txawm ua ntej lub accession rau lub zwm txwv, Edward, muaj yog vim li cas yuav ntshai rau nws lub neej, siv 28 xyoo nyob rau hauv Normandy nyob rau hauv lub patronage ntawm lub Duke ntawm lub teb chaws uas.

Txawm li cas los, thaum qhov kev nyab xeeb yog tshaj, thiab Edward rov qab mus ces yam xyuam xim ua rau lub zwm txwv ntawm lub xyoo allotted mus rau nws los ntawm txoj hmoo, nws tsis nco qab nws tau cog lus, thiab tuag tsis tawm cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm cov tos cog lus crown ntawm Norman Duke William. Tom qab nws tuag, ces nws nce mus rau hauv cov lus Askiv zwm txwv nkauj muam nraug nus Edward - Tshiab hais tus King Harold II. Zoo li tej deluded txiv neej, William protested, thiab lub txiaj ntsim ntawm nws txoj kev chim siab pib tsaws xya txhiab Norman Army Cuaj hlis 28, 1066 nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm ces thiab ua tragic rau lub British Crown sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings.

Lub ntxeem tau ntawm Normans

Lub advent ntawm Normans ntawm lub shores ntawm Albion ntsia tsis tshua muaj neeg impressive. Raws li contemporaries, lawv hla tus English Channel rau ib txhiab ships. Txawm hais tias qhov no daim duab yog dog dig exaggerated, yog tseem zoo sib xws flotilla yog sau ib tug tag nrho cov pom qhov chaw, mus txog rau lub qab ntug.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Duke William xaiv ua rau ib tug heev opportune lub sij hawm ntawd. Xyoo ntawm tus sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings yog nyuaj heev rau lub British. Tsis ntev ua ntej hais tias lawv sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam lwm invaders - Norwegians. Cov kawm lus Askiv pab tub rog yeej muaj hwjchim kov yeej lawv, tab sis nws twb fatigued thiab yuav tsum tau so, vim hais tias nws tw twb tsis ntshai abtsi thiab renowned warriors - lub Vikings. Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings, yog li doubly nyuaj rau lawv. Korol Garold tau txais ib daim ntawv qhia txog Wilhelm ntxeem tau, thaum nyob rau hauv New York, qhov twg cia li ua replenish lub reserves thiab lwm yam teeb meem muaj feem xyuam rau cov tub rog.

Lub ob muaj zog cov tub rog ntawm cov teb chaws Europe

Tam sim ntawd sib sau tag nrho cov muaj nyob rau rog ntawm lub pov tseg ntawm, cov huab tais pib ceev kom tau raws li tus yeeb ncuab, thiab twb rau Lub kaum hli ntuj 13, tuaj ze rau lub yeej rog, muab faib los ntawm cov Normans nyob rau hauv lub 11 kilometers ntawm lub nroog ntawm Hastings. Ua ntej yuav pib ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob xwb ib hnub twg - nyob rau hnub kawg ntawm King Harold II, thiab ntau yam ntawm cov neeg uas twb nyob rau hauv nws banner.

Nyoo lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum sawv ntxov nyob rau hauv lub teb, tau retracted lub peasants thiab vim hais tias cov liab qab thiab unattractive, pom zoo ob tug coob cov tub rog ntawm medieval teb chaws Europe. Lawv tus xov tooj yog hais txog sib npaug zos, tab sis qualitatively lawv yog strikingly txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Duke William pab tub rog muaj mas kev tub rog, zoo armed, kev kawm thiab muaj qab nws ib tug nplua nuj cov tub rog kev.

Weaknesses ntawm cov tub rog ntawm King Harold

Tsis zoo li cov tw, lub Anglo-Saxons coj tuaj rau lub teb sib ntaus sib tua cov tub rog, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas manned los ntawm cov neeg pluag militias, thiab tsuas yog ib tug me me ib feem ntawm nws servicemen twb cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb pab tub rog - tus kheej muaj koob muaj npe retinue. Thaum lawv nyob rau hauv muaj ob-tso swords, sib ntaus sib tua-axes thiab hmuv rau cov tibneeg, thaum lub militias riam phom muaj lub feem ntau random khoom - neeg pluag pitchforks, axes, los yog tsuas yog Dubin nrog pob zeb uas txuas mus rau lawv.

Thiab ob tug tseem ceeb tshaj tsis muaj Anglo-Saxon pab tub rog - nws twb tsis muaj cavalry thiab archers. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau hais tias yog vim li cas nws tshwm sim, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov hnub, mus rau nees, British pre-sib ntaus dismounted thiab mus nyob rau hauv nres tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ko taw. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog obscure thiab tsis muaj kev dos, qhov no zoo thiab haib riam phom ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm tag nrho cov nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias sai peb hlis ntuj thoob plaws lub teb chaws yuav tsis tau raug lus dev phem thiab twb muaj zog zuj zus yav tas los sib ntaus sib tua rog.

Cov hnub uas ib tug sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings

Yog li ntawd, txhua yam yog npaj txhij rau ib tug decisive sib ntaus sib tua. Thaum 9 teev sawv ntxov nyob rau hauv 14 Lub kaum hli ntuj 1066 nws twb pib tus naas ej sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings. Luv luv piav txog txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub ob armies ua ntej nws pib, peb yuav tsum tau tsuas nco ntsoov tias lub British lined, rub rau pem hauv ntej ib tug zoo-armed, tab sis ib tug ob peb cov neeg tseem ceeb units, thiab lawv serried shields twb tsis zoo armed, tab sis yog tag nrho ntawm sib ntaus sib tua ntsuj plig, lub neeg pluag militia.

Lub Normans kuj ua peb kev sib ntaus los txhua, uas tso cai rau lawv mus nqa tawm maneuvers nyob rau hauv raws li qhov teeb meem no. Lawv sab laug tis tau muaj li ntawm Bretons, txoj cai - ntawm Fabkis mercenaries, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsiab rog tau feeb meej - hnyav, armor-clad Norman Knights coj los ntawm tus Duke. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub ntsiab rog twb archers thiab crossbowmen, ntaus tus yeeb ncuab ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog nws.

Thaum pib ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua

Sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings yog surrounded nrog ntau legends, thiab tam sim no tsis yooj yim kom paub qhov txawv tiag tiag cov txheej xwm los ntawm lub tseeb. Yog li, nyob rau hauv ib co ntaub ntawv qhia hais tias nws pib nrog cov tus tsoos rau lub sij hawm uas ntawm lub match. Mighty Norman knight npe Ivo hu ua duel tsis muaj tsawg kawg nkaus tug tub rog los ntawm lub zoo ibyam ntawm King Harold. Beating nws nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj ncees sib ntaus, nws, raws li cov kev lis kev cai ntawm lub era, lub Englishman txiav lub taub hau thiab coj nws raws li ib tug trophy. Yog li ntawd tsis muaj hmoo rau lub Anglo-Saxons ntawm Hastings, lub sib ntaus sib tua pib. Tua tau tsis yog ib tug ntawm cov tub rog mus tua yog ib tug uas personified tag nrho pab tub rog ntawm King Harold.

Txhawb los ntawm no txoj kev vam meej nrog tsev neeg Norman yog cov thawj mus tua. Reporter cov xyoo qhia tias lawv archers thiab crossbowmen da dej ibyam ntawm lub Anglo-Saxons huab ntawm xib xub thiab hneev tua tav toj bolts, tab sis muab zais qab serried shields sawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb units, lawv twb zoo rhuav tshem tsis tau. Thiab ces tus Normans tsom tseeb shooting kev txawj ntse. Lawv tau xa lawv cov xib xub yuav luag mas upwards, thiab cov neeg tau piav nyob rau hauv cov huab cua coj trajectory, ntaus tus yeeb ncuab los ntawm saum toj no, inflicting puas tsuaj.

Nres qhov hnyav cavalry ntawm Normans

Cov nram qab no striking rov ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua yog ib tug loj heev nres ntawm lub Norman cavalry. Clad nyob rau hauv armor knights rushed rau pem hauv ntej Cheb deb txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev. Tiam sis peb yuav tsum tau them tribute rau lub siab tawv ntawm lub British: lawv tsis flinch ua ntej no los ua ib tug avalanche. Raws li tau hais tias koj, lawv cov thawj kab twb zoo-armed warriors ntawm tus kheej tiv thaiv ntawm lub Duke.

Thaum lawv pov tseg yog cov thiaj li hu ua Danish axes. Nws yog tshwj xeeb uas ua sib ntaus sib tua-taus nrog ib tug kov thiab ib tug ib nrab meters ntev. Raws li ua timkhawv pom, tej yam xws li ib lub twj paj nruag thiab dissected knight clad nyob rau hauv armor thiab nws tus nees. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub Norman cavalry retreated incurring tseem ceeb losses.

cuav departing Tactics

Tab sis, thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau sab laug flank ntawm cov txheej xwm coj qhov chaw, npaj txhij txog rau lub British. Lub Normans yog heev skillfully siv lub tactic ntawm cuav tawm, pom zoo zoo thiab coherence. Txaus ntseeg xyaum nyob rau hauv lawv cov qib ceeb thiab tawm, Normans provoked qhov Anglo-Saxons rau unprepared counterattack, chim siab lawv txoj hauj lwm thiab yuav disastrous.

Lured los ntawm cov general martial kab ntawm ib tug tseem ceeb feem ntawm lub warriors, lub Normans mam li nco dheev muab, puag lawv tuab nplhaib thiab txov txhua txhua lub xeem ib tug. Tu siab, King Harold cov tub rog tau ua los ntawm cov setback, tej cov lus xaus uas tau tso cai tw pheej kom rov hais dua ib tug uas zoo sib xws kom yuam kev.

Cov kev tuag ntawm King Harold

Lub losses raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov British, ntawm chav kawm, tsis muaj zog lawv sib ntaus sib tua muaj peev xwm, tab sis lawv txuas ntxiv mus muab loj kuj mus rau tus yeeb ncuab, thiab leej twg paub li cas lub sij hawm yuav tau muaj lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings, yog hais tias tsis muaj kev huam yuaj, nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects tau tshwm sim los ntawm tragic sij hawm ntawm qhov sib ntaus sib tua rau hais.

Keeb kwm chronicle ntawm cov xyoo qhia rau peb hais tias cov fearless Korol Garold II twb tiag raug mob los ntawm ib tug random xub. Nws tau raug chob nws txoj kev qhov muag, tab sis, raws li cov tib chroniclers, siab tawv warrior sab laug lub system - nws rub tawm ib tug xub thiab ob txhais tes los ntshav, dua rushed mus rau hauv lub fray. Tab sis tsis muaj zog txaus los ntawm kev raug mob, nws yuav tsum tau txiav sai Norman knights. Yuav luag ib txhij nrog nws thiab tua nws ob tus kwv tij, txib cov tub rog.

Lub yeej thiab kev tuag ntawm lub Anglo-Saxon pab tub rog

Yog li ntawd, tus huab tais raug tua nyob rau sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings, nrog rau nws cov kwv tij. Anglo-Saxon pab tub rog, tshuav tsis muaj ib tug hais kom ua, poob lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - lub sib ntaus sib tua ntsuj plig. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm feeb los ntawm lub formidable rog nws muab rau hauv ib pawg neeg demoralized thiab khiav. Lub Normans twb tuag mus nrog chim nrog xav tias tsam lawv ntawm cov neeg thiab tua lawv mercilessly.

Yog li ntawd ignominiously rau cov kawm lus Askiv yas sib ntaus sib tua tas Hastings. King raug tua, thiab nws lub cev twb coj mus txiav los ntawm London rau kev faus neeg. Tuag thiab nws cov kwv tij, thiab ua ke nrog lawv nyob rau lub battlefield tseem dag ob peb txhiab tus tub rog uas tuag rau lawv tus vajntxwv. British saib xyuas txog lawv keeb kwm, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nyob qhov twg ntau centuries dhau los, muaj yog qhov no sib ntaus sib tua, lub monastery yog founded, nrog nws cov ntsiab thaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj yog raws nraim qhov twg tua Harold II.

Lub swb, uas tau muab impetus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hwj chim

Thaum yeej nyob Hastings, Duke William xa nws cov tub rog nyob rau hauv London thiab coj nws tsis muaj ntau npaum li cas cov teeb meem. Lub Anglo-Saxon aristocracy twb yuam kom lees paub nws txoj cai mus rau lub zwm txwv, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1066 twb crowned. Raws li niaj hnub soj ntsuam, cov uas tau dramatically hloov tag nrho cov hoob kawm ntawm European keeb kwm. Nrog accession rau lub zwm txwv, Duke William coj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm ancient thiab antiquated nws lub sij hawm Anglo-Saxon lub teb chaws, hloov los ntawm ib tug centralized feudal monarchy, raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog muaj koob muaj npe lub hwj chim.

Nws muab ib tug haib impetus uas tau tso cai hais rau ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm los ua ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau tsim nyob sab Europe haiv neeg. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias tus huab tais raug tua nyob rau sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings thiab nws pab tub rog twb tua yeej, ib tug yeej muab rau hauv unquestionable kev pab rau lub xeev. Muaj yog ib tug ntawm cov paradoxes uas yog li ntawd, lub siab dawb siab keeb kwm. Nug koj tus kheej cov nqe lus nug, "Leej twg yeej lub sib ntaus sib tua?" Lo lus teb yog cuab kev - lub Normans. Thiab qhia rau kuv, uas thaum kawg tau txais los ntawm qhov no historic pab? Englishmen. Li ntawd, teb cov nqe lus nug ntawm leej twg yeej lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings, tsis txhob maj.

Cov rog xav txog ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub kawm kab lis kev cai

Qhov no yog ib tug historic kev tshwm sim, uas coj cuaj thiab ib tug ib nrab centuries dhau los, lossi arouses paj nrog zaum, cov neeg ntawm kos duab, thiab tsuas yog rau cov neeg uas hlub mus khawb nyob rau hauv cov hmoov av ntawm yav dhau los centuries. Nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, nws mob siab rau nws ua hauj lwm Heine thiab AK Tolstoy. Italian hwj chim hlau band "Madzhesti" tso tawm nyob rau hauv 2002. Lub album nplooj siab rau qhov no sib ntaus sib tua. Nws muaj xws li 12 tracks. Ib tug British filmmakers cia ob movies, cov dab neeg uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov sib ntaus sib tua.

Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas nws los ua nrov computer ua si uas tsim raws li nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim. Uas yog cia li nws lub npe tiag tiag yog feem ntau cov lus hais incorrectly, siv cov kev qhia "sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Hastings". Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog tsuas yog tus nqi ntawm cov hluas subculture. Nyob rau hauv kev, xws li ib tug sab paj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm thiab cov txheej xwm ntawm bygone centuries yog, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug heev txhawb qhov tseeb.