Shagal Mark: paintings nrog lub npe. Mark Shagal: creativity

Nyob rau hauv 1887, Lub Xya hli ntuj 7, twb yug los rau hauv lub tom ntej no lub ntiaj teb no-chav kawm artist Shagal Mark, uas nws paintings thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, tshwm sim los consternation thiab delight qhua heev heev miv, uas tshaaj paintings ntawm tus naas ej avant-garde artist.

Thaum pib ntawm ib tug muaj tswv yim txoj kev

Moishe tus yau, nws niam nws txiv Ameslikas npe hu ua, twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Vitebsk. Nws txiv ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug loader ntawm cov ntses ua lag luam, cov niam khaws cia petty lub rooj ntev zaum, yawg yog ib tug singer nyob rau hauv ib tug Jewish tsev pe hawm. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm ib tug kev cai dab qhuas cov neeg Yudais lub tsev kawm ntawv Moshe nkag mus hauv lub chav xyaum tes taw, Txawm hais tias cov neeg Yudais tsis pub mus kawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tsarist Russia. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau kawm nyob rau hauv ib qho lus teeb meem no. Tom qab kev kawm rau ib tug ob peb xyoos, nws tshuav lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab los ua ib tug volunteer nyob rau lub "Lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kos duab thiab painting artist Yias." Ob lub hlis tom qab ntawd, Mr. Peng, ntaus txuj ci tub hluas muaj nws ib tug dawb kev kawm ntawv nyob rau lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Hluas artist redrew tag nrho nws cov txheeb ze nyob rau hauv lem, ces pib xim portraits ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm Vitebsk. Yog li, nyob rau hauv lub kos duab lub ntiaj teb no nws nyob kaj lug thawj cov neeg pleev kob Shagal Mark, uas nws paintings yuav sai sai no yuav yuav qhov zoo tshaj plaws puas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Cai, los yog ib tug es lub npe tshiab, tam sim no nws invented nws tus kheej. Moishe yog Mark, thiab Chagall - ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv Segal, los ntawm leej txiv lub xeem.

Northern capital

Nees nkaum lub xyoo Mark txiav txim siab tsis mus zaum nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw thiab tsis ntev yuav mus rau St. Petersburg, hoping mus ntxiv nws txoj kev kawm muaj nrag. Cov nyiaj nws muaj, tshaj tej ntawm, saib tsis taus Lavxias teb sab xeev txoj cai ntawm cov neeg Yudais ua nws tus kheej lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub qaum teb capital muaj nyob rau qhov kev txom nyem txoj kab, tseem muaj sia nyob rau txawv cov hauj lwm. Txawm li cas los, Chagall twb tsis poob siab, nws yog kev zoo siab yuav nyob rau hauv lub maelstrom ntawm lub artistic lub neej ntawm St. Petersburg. Maj mam, nws tsim ib lub voj voog ntawm pab hu ntawm cov neeg Yudais high zej zog, thiab cov phooj ywg tshiab pib pab cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yam.

Shagal Mark, uas nws paintings sai los ua kev raws li cov tub txib ntawm cov tshiab surrealist style, sim los tsim lawv tus kheej thiab tsis ua raws li cov feem ntau txais canons ntawm painting. Thiab, raws li qhia tom qab lub neej, nws tau xaiv txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov tej hauj lwm cov artist tau twb tsis siv ib tug zoo heev fairy tales thiab metaphorical dluab. Tag nrho cov uas yog sau nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm Mark Shagal paintings nrog lub npe: "Tus Vaj Family", "tuag", "Yug" - yog prime piv txwv ntawm txawv txawv style. Nyob rau hauv no kawg lub ntsiab lus, cov tsos ntawm ib tug me nyuam mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, reflected nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Chagall ob peb lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv sib txawv txhais. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg mob, ib tug poj niam nyob rau hauv zog twb portrayed zoo qauv, uas yog ua tsis tau zoo rau tus nqi ntawm cov lwm cov cim, cov peasants, tshis, nees nyob ib ncig ntawm. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kos duab los ntawm Marc Chagall, nws muaj peev xwm mus teem lub me ntsiab lus yog li ntawd lawv mam li nco dheev pib mus rau tus thawj ntawm pawg neeg. Nkees tshiab niam thiab midwife nrog ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv nws caj npab nyob rau hauv ib co to taub tsis tau obyurazom los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub duab.

Kawm paub txog Lvom Bakstom

Thaum nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Shagal Mark, uas nws paintings tau attracted ua xim secular pej xeem, nws hais ntxiv hais nws cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv ntiav uas kawm askiv Seidenberg thaum ua tej yam yooj yim ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov neeg Yudais magazine "Xibfwb" yuav muab lawv tus kheej noj. Tom qab ntawd, nws tau ntsib nrog Lvom Bakstom, Zvantseva xib fwb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, uas ua si ib decisive luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv txoj hmoo ntawm cov artist. Chagall tseem kawm lectures neeg pleev kob Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, uas attracted rau nws raws li ib tug tau zus ib ntawm txhua yam tshiab nyob rau hauv kos duab.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm xyoo 1910 nyob rau lub debut ntawm Marc Chagall - nws paintings tau koom nyob rau hauv lub qhib hnub, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho "Apollo". Tsis ntev ua ntej qhov kev tshwm sim artist tau ntsib tus poj niam ntawm nws lub neej, Bella Rosenfeld. Hlub tsoo tawm ntawm lawv instantly, thiab zoo siab lub sij hawm ntawd kub ntev li ob mus rau lub hnub thaum cov neeg hluas tau txais txij nkawm thiab pib nyob ua ke. Nyob rau hauv 1916 lub ob peb muaj ib tug ntxhais uas twb muaj npe Ida.

Tsiv mus Paris

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1910 tus Thawj Tub Ceev Maxim Vinaver, philanthropist thiab ib tug kiv cua loj ntawm fine arts, Chagall muaj ib tug scholarship uas ua rau nws tau mus kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Paris. Cov peev ntawm Fabkis tau ntsib Mark affably, nws ua phooj ywg nrog cov neeg pleev kob Ehrenburg thiab nrog nws pab coj ib tug studio nyob rau hauv Montparnasse. Chagall sau thaum hmo ntuj thiab thaum lub sij hawm lub hnub yuav poob nyob rau hauv lub qhov, cov khw txiav thiab miv, absorbing txhua yam uas yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub zoo kos duab rau ntawm painting.

Masters ntawm thaum ntxov 20th xyoo pua tau ua ib qho piv txwv rau cov hluas artist. Great Cezanne, Van Gogh, Pol Gogen, Delacroix - txhua yam uas lawv txaus siab heev Chagall nws kawm ib yam dab tsi rau lawv tus kheej. Nws saib nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, Lev Bakst, ib zaug saib lub Parisian paintings ntawm nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv, hais tias confidently hais tias "tam sim no tag nrho cov xim hu nkauj." Paintings los ntawm Marc Chagall, ib tug yees duab ntawm cov uas yog nyob rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv, koj tus xib fwb cov nyiaj them yug tag nrho.

muaj tswv yim nyob nraim yeej ncuab

Chagall tsiv sai nyob rau hauv "Lub Hive", ib yam ntawm cov Parisian arttsentr, uas los ua ib tug Haven rau cov neeg pluag mus xyuas ntxias. Ntawm no, Mark tau ntsib nrog paj huam, sau ntawv, ua yeeb yam thiab lwm yam bohemians ntawm Fabkis capital. Tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm uas nws tau sau nyob rau hauv lub "Hive" Mark Shagal (paintings nrog lub npe: "fiddler," "Calvary", "kheej cob rau Yehauvas rau kuv nkauj nyab", "Saib ntawm Paris ntawm lub qhov rais"), los ua nws "hu card." Txawm li cas los, txawm tag nrho cov assimilation nrog lub Parisian artistic ib puag ncig, cov artist tsis hnov qab txog nws haiv neeg Vitebsk, thiab cov xim tsev: "Muag nyuj", "kuv thiab lub zos", "snuff".

thaum ntxov Tej hauj lwm

Ib qho ntawm feem nco paintings yog "qhov rais. Vitebsk", sau rau hauv cov style ntawm "naïve art" los yog "primitivism", uas ua raws li nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm thaum ntxov ntawm nws ua hauj lwm Mark Shagal. "Qhov rai. Vitebsk" yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1908 thaum lub artist twb cia li pib mus kawm kev txawj ntse ntawm "txheej thaum ub style".

Nyob rau hauv cia li ib tug ob peb xyoos siv nyob rau hauv Paris, Mark Shagal sau hais txog peb caug paintings thiab ntau tshaj 150 watercolors. Tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm nws tsav tsheb mus Berlin rau ib daim duab tso rau neeg pom nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914, uas ua nws lub ntsiab kev pab kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub kos duab lub ntiaj teb no. Cov neeg tuaj saib twb zoo siab los ntawm cov paintings ntawm Chagall. Berlin artist twb yuav mus rau nws haiv neeg Vitebsk saib Bella, tab sis tiv thaiv tau tus cia li pib ntawm lub thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog.

Lub ntxiv txoj hmoo ntawm cov artist

Mark Zaharovich Shagal, uas nws paintings tau ua lug paub, twb tso tawm los ntawm cov tub rog kev kee. Cov phooj ywg pab tau ib qho chaw nyob rau hauv cov tub rog-industrial department ntawm St. Petersburg, thiab rau ib txhia lub sij hawm lub artist tau muab nrog vaj tse nyob thiab cov hauj lwm. Chagall paintings nyob rau hauv cov cua hlob lub sij hawm yog tshwj xeeb yog txiav txim-packed thiab muaj tiag. "Ua tsov ua rog", "Qhov rai mus rau lub countryside", "Koobtsheej Tsev Pheebsuab", "Red Jew" - cia li ib ob peb ntawm cov paintings, uas tau raug tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog. artist nyias lyrical series ntawm paintings raug tsim, "Taug kev", "liab Neeg nyiam heev", "Birthday", "Bella dawb dab tshos". Cov paintings sawv cev tsuas ib tug me me ib feem ntawm ib tug uas nws kim heev series ntawm nws tej hauj lwm ntawm lub thawj lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog.

"Taug kev"

Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo tej hauj lwm ntawm cov artist, nws tsim nyob rau hauv 1918. Post-revolutionary sentiments, kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib tug ci yav tom ntej, lub romance ntawm cov tub ntxhais kev hlub - tag nrho cov no yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv lub hom ntaub khov heev. Chim siab nyob rau hauv lub tshiab kev tseem ceeb ntawm cov Council ntawm lub teb chaws twb tsis tau tuaj txog, txawm hais tias nws yog cia li nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ces kaum. Cuaj kaum, ib qho ntawm feem thwjtim uas ncaj ncees ntawm tus tshiab ideals ntawm lub sij hawm yog tus artist Mark Shagal. "Taug kev" - cov duab no yog optimistic, tag nrho ntawm kev cia siab, lub cim yog tsis xav txog qhov tsis zoo. Tus poj niam xwm li nyob rau hauv lub hom ntaub khov heev, floating saum toj no muaj tiag, txiv neej hluas, dhau lawm, yog npaj txhij kom tau tawm hauv av.

Chagall lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm 1917-1918

Artist tshwm sim lub revolutionary txheej xwm nyob rau hauv Petrograd. Nws, zoo li ntau nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb capital ntawm cov intelligentsia, muaj ib tug tshiab cua hloov thiab ntseeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov Infallibility. Petersburg ntxias, sau ntawv, composers coj mus txhawb ib tug tshiab txoj kev ntawm lub neej, thiab ib tug ntawm cov thawj nyob rau hauv lub Cov Qib ntawm enthusiasts hauv txoj kev hu rau koob pheej ntawm lawv ntawm tag nrho cov neeg, yog Mark Shagal. Paintings "Saum toj no rau hauv lub nroog," "ua tsov ua rog ntawm lub palace - lub ntiaj teb no huts" thiab ntau lwm paintings ntawm no lub sij hawm muaj kev cuam tshuam lub siab xav ntawm cov artist los tsim.

Bella thiab ib tug bouquet ntawm paj

Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub artist yuav siv sij hawm ib tug painting nplooj siab rau nws tus poj niam, uas ib zaug coj nws ib tug bouquet ntawm paj rau pab zoo siab rau nws lub hnub yug. Tsis poob ib tug thib ob, nws khiav mus rau lub easel. Kov rau tus tub ntxhais, cov artist sim mus ntes tus zoo nkauj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv canvas. Qhov no yog tag nrho cov Mark Shagal. "Birthday" - ib daim duab tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug teeb meem ntawm feeb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug sketch, thiab ces hloov. Nws tau los ua ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv sau ntawm cov artist. Raws li nws tau thov, qhov inspiration los rau ob peb feeb, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob nco.

lub luag hauj lwm txaus qhia

Nyob rau hauv 1918, Mark Zaharovich Shagal, uas nws paintings tau raug xam khoom teejtug uas yog Vitebsk xeev, nws yog tau tso cai rau cov kawm Askiv ntawm lub zos executive committee. Cov artist tso tawm kom pom koj lub koom haum kev txawj ntse, nws dai kom zoo nkauj Vitebsk nyob rau hnub ntawm lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj Revolution, ib tug ntau yam ntawm banners, chij thiab banners. "Art mus rau lub masses!" - xws yog nws cov lus hais tias.

Nyob rau hauv 1920, Mark Shagal tsiv mus rau Moscow ua ke nrog Bella thiab me ntsis Ida, qhov uas nws pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm lub zej lub zos ua yeeb yam. Nyob rau hauv lub qub chav kawm ntawm ua lag ua luam los tsim decorations saib nws muaj tswv yim txoj kev rau Chagall nrug ntawm lub hauv paus, ua kom tau los ze zog mus rau "revolutionary" tshiab style ntawm painting. Tog tub ceev xwm ua ob peb sim coj cov artist rau nws sab, tab sis raws li Chagall twb pom tau hais tias raws li ib tug ntiaj teb no-class tswv ntawm tus txhuam, cov me nyuam no twb hai.

txheem

Nro ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej-hlub artist thiab communist coj noj coj ua, tsis ntev muab mus rau hauv qhib confrontation, thiab Mark Shagal soviets tshuav lub teb chaws nrog rau nws tsev neeg.

Berlin los ua tus thawj nyob sab Europe lub nroog, uas tswm Marc, Bella thiab Ida. Artist attempts tau nyiaj rau ib tug exhibition nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 tuaj mus tsis muaj dab tsi, feem ntau ntawm cov paintings zoo. Chagall rov qab tsuas yog peb paintings tab sis ib lub teb watercolors.

Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1923, Mark tau txais ib tsab ntawv los ntawm Paris rau nws cov qub phooj ywg, uas caw nws tuaj mus rau lub Fabkis capital. Chagall yog tuaj, thiab nws muaj nws yog tos rau lwm chim siab - cov duab uas nws ib zaug nyob rau hauv lub "Hive" kuj zoo. Txawm li cas los, cov artist tsis plam plawv, nws pib rov sau lawv masterpieces. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Mark Shagal tau txais ib qho kev los ntawm ib tug loj publisher rau illustrating phau ntawv. Nws pib nrog tus tshiab "tuag Souls" los ntawm Nikolaya Vasilevicha Gogolya thiab txig copes nrog neeg ua hauj lwm.

Tsev Neeg txawv tebchaws

Income Chagall muaj zog, thiab nws thiab nws tsev neeg pib mus rau European lub teb chaws. Thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab Voyages cov artist sau nws tsis txawj tuag paintings, uas yog ua sib zog thiab ntais, "Ob chav Portrait", "Ida hauv lub qhov rais," "Lub neej yog ib lub zos." Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus paintings, Chagall koom nyob rau hauv illustrating ntawv "La Fontaine tus ntsuag."

Nyob rau hauv 1931, Mark Shagal xyuas Palestine, nws xav kom los ua ib lub teb chaws ntawm lawv cov ancestors. Ib tug ob peb lub hlis, uas cov artist muaj nyob rau hauv tus dawb huv av, tau yuam kom hloov nws tus cwj pwm mus rau lub neej. Bella thiab Ida tus ntxhais, uas yog nyob ze, favored no. Rov qab nyob rau hauv Paris, Chagall tsuas yog muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog biblical illustrations.

Tsiv mus America

Nyob rau hauv lub lig thirties, khiav lub German Nazis, Chagall tsev neeg emigrated mus rau lub tebchaws United States. Thiab ib zaug dua - ua hauj lwm nrog theatrical scenery, lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab tus neeg dhia tes. Igor Stravinsky ces tso tseg lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Chagall thiab Picasso opted sketches, theem costumes tab sis lub authorship ntawm Mark tau npaum li cas.

Tsov rog nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias, txawm hais tias nws yog tseeb hais tias lub Peb Reich twb swb lawm. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1944 los txog rau xov zoo - Hitler nyob rau lub verge ntawm kev swb. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lig Lub yim hli ntuj, Marc Chagall overtakes kev puas tsuaj, lub tsev kho mob mam li nco dheev tuag ntawm sepsis Bella. Cov artist loses lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej nrog kev tu siab, tab sis nws txhawb thiab pab cov tseem muaj sia nyob tus ntxhais Ida. Tsuas yog cuaj lub hlis tom qab Chagall yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub tes. Tam sim no nws pom txoj kev cawm seej nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm cov xim tsev hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Creative impulses ntawm cov artist pab nws ciaj sia hauv lub poob ntawm sharpness.