Portrait ntawm Tiutchev: paj huam, kev activist, Comrade

Puas yuav ua tau rau ib txoj lw tus sau ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm nws destiny, to taub li cas ib tug neeg khiav nkaum hauv nws? Lub npe ntawm ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj paj huam thiab sau ntawv, diplomat thiab txawj sau ntawv ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov XIX xyoo pua, Tiutchev Ivanovich Fedorov, paub feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws ua hauj lwm, uas koj yuav nco qab los ntawm lub cim xeeb, yog muaj nyob rau hauv lub nrauv kev pab cuam. Tab sis ob peb paub tias dab tsi nws yog nyob rau hauv lub neej. Portrait Tiutchev sim nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Hlub hauv cov ntawv nyeem - los ntawm thaum yau

Fedor yug nyob rau hauv 1803 nyob rau hauv lub Bryansk koog tsev kawm ntawv, teej tug mus rau lub xeev ntawm Orel. Nws tuaj los ntawm ib tug noble tsev neeg, nplua nuj thiab noble, uas yuav them taus los nyob rau hauv Moscow. Thaum Fedor yog kaum xyoo, nws tau txuas mus rau lub SE Rajic, ib tug neeg cob, uas pab cov kev hlub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas cov kws ntawv yuav nqa thoob plaws nws lub neej. Nws nyeem classics excelled nyob rau hauv poetic txhais lus, mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv, tau txais ib tug master degree, nws tsiv mus rau cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg thiab tom qab nyob rau hauv Munich, qhov uas nws siv ib tug tag nrho ntawm ntau tshaj nees nkaum xyoo.

Cuag ib tug portrait ntawm Tiutchev, peb yuav sib tham txog ib tug heev kawg educated, erudite thiab hloov maj mam tug txiv neej uas tsim lub chaw ua hauj lwm, plunging mus rau hauv lub depths nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas Tiutchev nws txhais tau khwv tau ntau npaum li cas paub nyob rau hauv ntau zajlus critics thiab pej xeem nuj nqis ntawm lub sij hawm.

Tej lub neej kev vam meej tsis yog ib tug hindrance

Countess Botmer, ib tug neeg uas Bavaria, los ua tus poj niam ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Puab lub tsev los ua ib tug qhov chaw ntawm concentration ntawm intellectuals thiab bohemians. Tom qab nws tuag, Fedor yuav txiv Baroness Derngeym, uas nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tsis paub lub Lavxias teb sab lus thiab tsis nkag siab txog cov hauj lwm ntawm nws tus txiv. nws ntse luam rau ob peb xyoo lawm, xws li txawv teb chaws.

Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich nyiam kev nom kev tswv khoom. Lawv ua ib tug muaj zog lub tswv yim rau haiv neeg. Cov kws sau paj lug pom ib tug zoo li-minded neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm Nekrasov thiab Turgenev. Xeem tau pab nws luam nyob rau hauv "Kawm". Tsis ntev lwm cov phau ntawv Magazine ( "Lavxias teb sab tub txib", "hauv qab", "Moskvityanin") yog npaj rau cov kev cuam tshuam nws cov kwv huam. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog muab tso rau hauv cov nplooj ntawv anthology: "caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej", "caij nplooj ntoos hlav xob quaj", "ntsiag to tsaus ntuj ...".

Sau ib tug zoo tus naj npawb ntawm tej hauj lwm, Tiutchev tsis zoo li no. Feem ntau nws yog ib tug kos npe rau mus rau ib tug nqaim vajvoog ntawm admirers ntawm nws tej txuj ci. Feem ntau critics twb ntsiag to, ua indignation: ua lawv yeej muaj tsis muaj dab tsi hais?

Sab nraum zoov kev ua ub no

Tiutchev tau raug xaiv los councilor ntawm lub xeev, thiab nyob rau hauv 1858 nws tau teem tseg rau lub pawg neeg ntawm txawv teb chaws censorship. Cov kws sau paj lug yog ib txwm xav nyob rau hauv nom ua tswv, thiab nyob rau hauv particular qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv ib co European lub teb chaws. Qhov no yog kev lom zem ntau vim hais tias ntawm nws cov tej yam rau tsiv txawv teb chaws. Raws li nws taw tes qhia tawm, lub tsev nyob rau hauv uas nws nyob rau ib tug me ntsis xav rau nws kom tsim nyog thiab xyaum txaus nyiam.

Nyob rau hauv 1872 Tyutchev Fedor Ivanovich muaj thawj cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob noj qab haus huv. Nws lub zeem muag yog summed li, poob muaj ntawm nws sab laug tes, nws tom qab overtaken los ntawm tuag tes tuag taw. Lub Xya hli ntuj 15, 1873 lub kws sau paj lug tuag nyob rau hauv Tsarskoye selo.

Txom nco

Nyob rau hauv lub siab lub ntsws ntawm nws cov khub kws sau paj lug lawm tshuav ib tug indelible cim. Nws ciaj mus rau lub hnub tam sim no. Leej twg tsis nco qab, "Kuv hlub cov cua daj cua dub nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Tej zaum"? Los yog "Nco Russia tsis to taub?"

Yuav ua li cas nws nco txog St. Petersburg haiv neeg, uas yog ib tug kawm tau zoo? Portrait ntawm Tiutchev, muaj li ntawm contemporaries, ua rau nws sawv tawm ntawm glubokomysliteley uas era. Muaj peev xwm mus ua tau ib tug sib sib zog nqus thiab ci ntsa iab, muab ua neeg ncajncees mus rau lub txais kev cai thiab views ntawd los raug nws cov yam ntxwv nta, nrog rau kev tsim ib tug dej siab qhov teeb meem rau nws tus kheej.

Portrait Tiutchev ob lub qhov muag ntawm contemporaries

Vajvoog, uas sawv daws khoom ib mus rau lub kws sau paj lug, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog los tawm zoo puas. Ntawm nws cov contemporaries, cov phooj ywg, co-neeg ua hauj lwm muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm like-minded neeg uas nws saib taus. Cov lawv I. S. Aksakov, nws biographer thiab tus tub-nyob rau hauv ua ke, colleague I. S. Gagarin, suav V. A. Sollogub, memoirist A. A. FET. Nws nco txog ib kaj tus khub, instantly muab yug apt comments, astute thinker, ib tug inveterate neeg ua hauj lwm, uas yog feem ntau tsim rau lawv tus kheej. Cov kws sau paj lug ntaus nws muaj peev xwm mus hais lus rau lwm tus, ua rau nws unsurpassed lyric, Epic departing los ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab.

Portrait F. I. Tyutcheva los ntawm cov duab nyob rau hauv daim duab

Zoo-paub collector P. M. Tretyakov, leej twg uas nyob lwm tshav kub kho mus rau lub kws sau paj lug, tau tu siab heev vim hais tias ntawm nws nto moo gallery muaj portraits ntawm Tyutchev. Tu siab, nws twb tsis tau ua li cas nrog lub neej ntawm qhov kawg ntawm no. Philanthropist commissioned hauj lwm los ntawm ntxias SF Alexander tus, uas twb kos duab nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Cov duab no yog xim nyob rau hauv 1876. Nws Tiutchev (yees duab txuas) qhia tau hais tias ib tug txiv neej uas muaj hnub nyoog, nrog grey plaub hau combed rov qab, exposes siab hauv pliaj. Nws cov khaub ncaws twb xws li, thiab looj tsom iav dub nkaum qhov tu siab thiab ironic saib.

Portrait ntawm Tiutchev, kaj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub ces txawj ntu, yuav tsum tau supplemented los ntawm tus hais Turgenev. Nws ntseeg hais tias nws thiav los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. lub kws sau paj lug lub verses zoo li yuav tsum tau ua rau ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis lawv yug los nthawv, tsis invented tawm ntawm yam tseem ceeb. Ib tug feature ntawm Tiutchev tseem philosophical lyrics, uas ntaus tsis ntau yam thiab qhov tob ntawm kev xav.