Lub Yak-36: Specifications thiab cov duab

Lub Soviet aircraft lag luam - ib qhov chaw uas muaj nuj nqis tsis tau tsuas yog tau zoo los ntawm hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm lub Soviet Union, tab sis kuj cov niaj hnub engineers, uas yog cov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lawv illustrious predecessors. Qhov tsab xov xwm yuav tsum tau tham txog lub cim aircraft. Qhov no Yak-36, uas nws cov yam ntxwv yuav raug soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv kom meej yam.

prehistory

Los ntawm nws tus kheej, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb flying tshuab, uas yuav muaj ib ntsug takeoff thiab tsaws, nyob ntev ua ntej cov creation ntawm lub dav hlau thiab siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nyoob hoom qav taub. Qhuav ntawm lub aircraft yog ib tug nyoob hoom qav taub zoo xws li cov zog tau qeeb rau ntau xyoo. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov kev ncua nyob rau hauv lub tsev lag luam ntawm xws li ib tug nkoj yog hais tias nws yuav qhia tawm rau ntawm tag nrho cov fais fab nroj tsuag twb zoo heev, thiab lub hwj chim - me me. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub deadlock cov ntaub ntawv tsiv xwb nyob rau hauv lub 1940s, thaum lub ntiaj teb no pom turbojets. Los ntawm engineering thiab kev soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv lub rooj ntev zaum ua ntej rau hauv lub creation ntawm no aircraft coj qhov chaw ib lub sij hawm ntawm ob xyoo lawm.

sau phau ntawv

Ib tug ntawm cov tho kev hauv daim teb no yog cov aircraft tsim engineer Shulikov lub npe, uas nyob rau hauv 1947 npaj rau kev siv ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb TIG nozzle ntawm lub turbojet (THD), uas twb tom qab ntsia rau qhov Yak-36.

Me ntsis tom qab Scherbakov designer tau tsim ib qhov project thiab pib soj ntsuam zaub nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus ntawm cov aircraft qauv, uas coj tawm vertically thiab muaj tis, tiam sis yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug khub ntawm teb turbojet xyaw ntsia rau ntawm ib sab chaw ntawm lub fuselage. Tab sis qhov uas tsis muaj tis los ib uproar nyob rau hauv lub engineering ib puag ncig, uas muab tso rau ib tug thaum xaus rau lub continuation ntawm no peb tes num.

Yakovlev tsim Bureau

Cov vam meej tshaj plaws pab neeg, uas tau muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib tug mas lub dav hlau yuav siv sij hawm tawm, nws yog tus OKB-115, lub taub hau ntawm uas yog tus legendary Aleksandr Sergeevich Yakovlev. Qhov no engineer nyob rau hauv 1960 npaj txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Yak-104. Nyob rau hauv no huab cua txog ntsha npaj rau nruab ob yuam R19-300 engine yuav tsum tau siv raws li hoisting propulsion ntsiab. Lawv thrust ntawm 1600 kgf. Nqa engine yuav tsum muaj ib zaug xwb lub cev muaj zog. Developers npaj hais tias cov ya luj ntawm 2800 kg thiab 600 kg roj cia tshuab yuav tsum tau ya rau siab kawg ceev ntawm 550 km / h thiab nce mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm 10 000 meters. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub davhlau deb yuav ua ncaj rau 500 kilometers, thiab nws ntev yog ib tug teev mus rau kaum feeb.

Yak-Nyob rau hauv Project

(- 5000 kg ntsawj txhua) Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1961, cov Council of Ministers project rau creation ntawm ib bomber nrog ib tug khub R21-300 engine yog tag nrho npaj. Qhov no yog twb Yak-36. Lub nkoj yuav tsum tau lub davhlau ceev ntawm 1100-1200 km / h nyob rau ntawm ib qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 1000 meters. Tus luj ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm nqa tawm yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav ntau tshaj 9150 kilograms.

Kom sai ua hauj lwm tawm lub stabilization thiab tswj systems, ntsuam xyuas lub functionality ntawm lub teb cav nozzles Yak-36 muaj tau mus ua kev ntsuam xyuas bomber tsab nrog uas twb muaj lawm turbojet xyaw R21-300, uas yuav ntsawj index yog 4,200 kgf. Muab thaum uas tig mus tshuab khoom teb nozzles. Qhov no daim ntawv twb luam tawm nyob rau 30 Lub kaum hli ntuj 1961.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub Yak-36 coj SG Mordovin. Tsis tas li ntawd, engineers tau muab kev koom tes: Sidorov, Pavlov, Bekirbaev Gorshkov.

workflow

Ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm aircraft coj qhov chaw nyob rau ib lub sij hawm thaum lub UK yuav twb khav ntawm ib tug uas zoo sib xws aircraft "Harier", uas yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug turbo cav thiab ob khub ntawm teb nozzles. Txawm li cas los, Soviet engineers mus rau nws txoj kev, yog sib txawv dog dig los ntawm cov sab hnub poob.

Muab hais tias, yog dab tsi lub hom phiaj yog lub Yak-36 thiab yuav ua li cas nws twb nruab nrog xyaw, nws tsis yog li ntawd lub dav hlau rudders nrog enormous thrust tau ntsia tau rau hauv lub qhov ntswg thiab tus Tsov tus tw ntawm cov fuselage qhov chaw ntawm lub tshuab. Ib tug ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau ua thiab thawb mus tom hauv ntej ib tug ncaj ntev ncej. Thiab tag nrho vim hais qhov teeb meem ntawm lub ko tw nyoob hoom yog tsis tsuas tswj lub aircraft tswj nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob nraum, tab sis kuj muab lub zoo meej tshuav nyiaj li cas ntawm cov hlab thaum lub sij hawm zoo li qub hovering. Raws li rau lub motors, lawv tau ntsia nyob rau hauv aircraft lub qhov ntswg thiab lub nozzle muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm Yak-36.

Nta ntawm lub tshuab

Lub piav kev kho ntawm lub Actuator ntawm lub aircraft tau nyob rau hauv cov tsos ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug lub tsheb kauj vab hom chassis unicycle nrog ib tug them nyiaj yug nyob rau hauv lub qhov ntswg thiab ib tug ob-wheeled rear them nyiaj yug. tis txhawb yog ntxuav nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia yam txawv rau cov Yak-36 lim, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv fairings. Nyob rau hauv txoj cai cowl scripting mas huab cua-siab receiver nrog tshwj xeeb sensors thiab ris hauv qab cov ces kaum ntawm nres. Tus heev tib yam airframe tsim yog haum raug rau lub aircraft ntawm cov xyoo: semi-monocoque fuselage twb nqa tawm, thiab tis spars twb nruab nrog flaps.

kev nyab xeeb

Tsim lub Yak-36, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv cov kev yees duab daim ntawv, tus engineers tsis muaj ib tug clue txog yuav ua li cas lub nkoj behaves thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau (blockages nyob rau hauv lub sab thaum lub sij hawm nqa-off, los yog lwm yam kev quab yuam majeure). Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, los xyuas kom meej qhov muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm tus tsav lub sij hawm ntau muaj xwm ceev dav hlau muab yuam ncaws ntaus ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub aircraft muaj ib tug system siab tsis siv neeg tswj thaum lub sij hawm lub davhlau ceev, tsis dim mus pes tsawg.

Aircraft ntau lawm thiab kev soj ntsuam

Tus thawj plaub hlab ntsha tau ua nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag, nyob rau Leningradsky Prospekt nyob rau hauv Moscow. Ib tug ntawm cov aircraft tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug qauv rau lub dag lub zog kev ntsuam xyuas. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1963 nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau tooj 36 kev ntsuam xyuas tau nqa tawm, tswj xyuas cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov ingress ntawm xyaw nyob rau hauv lawv reflected lub dav hlau kwj, raws li zoo raws li endurance soj ntsuam. Rau lub hom phiaj no nres Yak-36 twb nruab nrog ob tug roj teeb meem flaps, ib tug ntawm cov uas twb mounted rau lub qhov ntswg, thiab lub thib ob - ua ntej turbo nozzles.

Qhov thib ob lub tsheb coj tus kheej lub xov tooj 37 xwb rov qhia dua tsaws thiab hle. Xub thawj, lub qhov siab yog ob txhais taw, thiab tom qab ntawd, hauv daim duab yog twb 5 meters. 85 kev kawm dai-ups tau nqa tawm rau ob lub xyoos. Lub rau hli ntuj 25, 1963 lub nkoj muaj kev huam yuaj: muaj ib tug chassis tsis ua hauj lwm thaum lub sij hawm ntsug tsaws vim lub high nqi ntawm slipping.

Peb aircraft (tus Tsov tus tw xov tooj 38) pab mus xyuas cov efficiency ntawm lub dav hlau rudders, autopilot systems thiab ntawm lwm yam uas nyob rau hauv lub cockpit. Developers raug xaiv xws pa txaus tus nqi uas tso cai rau lub aircraft yuav ruaj khov thaum hovering thiab ua rau lub tshuab kiag li tswj los ntawm tus tsav.

cov teeb meem uas

Raws li pom tias, lub feem ntau nyuaj yog nws mus siv ib ntsug tsaws. Lub ob xeem pilots twb ntau tswvyim rau lub dav hlau. Yog li, tus tsav Garnaev ntseeg hais tias av yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog nyoob hoom qav taub hom, uas yog, lub tsheb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ib tug zoo siab nrog pre-kom loj hlob ceev. Nyob rau hauv lem, tus tsav Mukhin muaj ib tug txawv lub tswv yim. Nws yog hais tias cov nyiaj them yug muaj ib tug nyoob hoom qav taub rotor, thaum lub sij hawm Yak-36 no muaj nuj nqi nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv theem ntawm davhlau guarantee tis thiab cav roj dav hlau. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog lub sij hawm ntawm kev hloov lub nqa los ntawm cov tis ncaj qha mus rau lub hwj chim unit. Thiab vim hais tias cov tsaws yog yuav tsum tau xam nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm qhov siab, uas yuav sib haum mus rau qhov siab ntawm lub zog nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nws yog txoj cai Mukhin.

Davhlau xeem

Hovering Yak-36 twb ua rau ib nrab-Meter qhov siab saum toj no rau hauv lub qhov, uas yog them nrog steel tuav. Qhov no twb ua rau txo tau cov theem ntawm cuam ntawm cov roj dav hlau. Txawm li cas los, ua kom paub tseeb tias cov hlab no muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm kev noj tawm vertically los ntawm cov grating sai tso tseg thiab tsiv rau ib tug nyuaj lwm nto. Thiab muaj lus dag qhov teeb meem. Lub sij hawm ntawd thaum lub tsaws iav tsoo kom deb ntawm tso mam li pawv, lub dav hlau pib co ua nruj ua tsiv, thiab nws collapses mus rau lub sab. Parallel rau qhov no, lub hwj chim roj rudders Corporate.

Yuav kom txiav txim seb lub aircraft engine thrust tsim nyog los sau rau qhov nqi koj tshuav. Designers nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb loj heev maj mam, yuav luag ib tug qwj pace. Tej zaum nws tshwm sim hais tias tus loj-tonnage aircraft swung nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, yog li ntawd yuav luag tsis mloog lus txib ntawm tus tsav. Seej dav hlau ua tsis tau tejyam tom qab muab tiv thaiv kom txhob ingress ntawm cov roj rau hauv cov huab cua khiav ntaus ntawv. Qhov no coj mus rau lub fact tias lub dav hlau twb nias rau hauv av thiab los ua forms.

hluas nkauj sib ntaus

Lub Yak-36, muaj ib tug keeb kwm ib ntau tshaj ib xyoo caum, tus thawj lub sij hawm nqa tawm ib daim ntawv qhia txog lub davhlau ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj 27, 1964. Txawm li cas los, yuav tsa cov ntsha mus rau hauv cov huab cua Mukhin FULFILLED khiav thiab khiav, vim hais tias tsis muaj ib tug raug coj mus rau kwv yees nws cov cwj pwm nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Feem ntau cov yuav, tom qab qhov kev xeem no, muaj ib tug kho dua ntawm peb cov cav tov, uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub installation ntawm ob ventral fins rau lawv txhua txhua tus.

Ob lub hlis tom qab, muaj ib lub thawj full-fledged hovering aircraft. Mukhin li mastered rau lub tsheb, txawm cia nws tus kheej mus pov rau hauv lub Tiller ntawm lub sij hawm no ntawm lub davhlau, thiab lub aircraft hovered nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsis muaj kev hloov.

Tag nrho cov tau mus rau lub fact tias nws twb tau mus ua tag nrho flights. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yuav tsum tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj thiab ib nrab xyoo. Lub ob hlis ntuj 7, 1966 Mukhin ua raws li tus ntsug nqa-off, nqa tawm davhlau rau ib tug yeej txoj kev thiab zaum nyob rau hauv ib tug aircraft. Lub peb hlis ntuj 24 nqa tawm ib tsav ntsug takeoff, lub davhlau nyob rau hauv ib lub voj voog thiab ntsug tsaws. Hnub no yog suav tias yog lub hnub yug ntawm Lavxias teb sab aircraft, uas muaj tau ntsug takeoff.

Kev ntsuas

Saib lub dav hlau muaj ib tug me me payload, thiab yog li ntawd tsim chaw khaws tau tsim ib tug upgraded qauv ntawm lub Yak-36M, uas, tom qab adopting tus tau txais coded Yak-38. Tus tshiab nkoj yog ib tug twb tau me ntsis txawv layout, uas yog npaum li cas zoo dua muaj pov thawj nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv xyaum.

Lub Yak-36, kev yam ntxwv uas yog qhia hauv qab no, yog ib tug txhob nyob rau hauv lub domestic aircraft. Yog li ntawd, nws specifications yog raws li nram no:

• Lub nkoj ntev - 16.4 m.
• Wingspan - 10 m.
• Tshuab qhov siab - 4.3 m.
• Koojtis Area - 17 sq. m.
• Luj ntawm lub empty txog ntsha - 5400 kg.
• Takeoff hnyav - 9400 kg.
• Cav - 2 x R27V TPD-300.
• Unforced pas nrig - 2 x 5000 kg.
• Reserve tshaj tawm nyob rau ntawm lub qhov siab - 1,100 km / h.
• Maximum ceev nyob ze ntawm lub hauv av - 900 km / h.
• Real qab nthab - 11000 m.
• Cov neeg coob - 1 tug neeg.
• Riam phom - nqe ntaus rog load txog li 2000 kg. SD cua-rau-huab cua R-60M, NUR, tej tawg hem.

Kev kawm thiab kev cob qhia cov qauv

Yak-18T yog tsim nyob rau hauv 1964. Thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo ntawm kev siv nws tau undergone ib co kev hloov, thiab nyob rau hauv 2006 lub Lavxias teb sab tsoom fwv tau txiav txim siab los rov pib dua full-scale zus tau tej cov Yak-18T (series 36). Qhov no aircraft yog siv nyob rau hauv kev qhia ntawv thiab kev kawm lub hom phiaj rau kev kawm Kawm ua tub rog ntawm lub davhlau tsev kawm ntawv.

Yak-18T 36 Series muaj cov nram qab nta:

• Nws teev cov huab cua peb-hniav kiv cua series AB-803-1-C.
• Lub dashboard tau undergone hloov.
• Nws twb tau nce ntau yam ntawm tiag tiag davhlau thiab ntsia ntxiv tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm 180 litres txhua tus nyob rau tus nqi ntawm cov ob daim.
• Hloov qhov rooj nyob rau hauv lub cockpit.
• Tam cua sov (rhaub ntsia thib ob).
• Hluav Taws phab ntsa yog tsim los ntawm stainless steel qib.
• Siv roj - Petrol "hwm 95".

Qhov no aircraft twb tshaaj ntawm ntau yam thoob ntiaj teb miv aircraft (MAX 2007 thiab MAX 2009).

Regulations tsim hais tias tus aircraft yuav tsum muaj teeb meem-dawb mus ua hauj lwm 3,500 xuab moos los yog 15,000 landings tsis muaj daim ntawv qhia hnub txwv.