Fibers ua los ntawm polyester. Qhuav ntawm polyester fibers

Tshuaj ntau lawm - ib tug loj qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg wealth. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua yam los ntawm tsev neeg cov khoom rau cov khaub ncaws, ua thiab ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev kawm.

Ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov sib txawv tshuaj fibers, uas nrhiav tau daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb ntawm science, technology thiab kev lag luam.

Ib suam ntawm tshuaj fibers

Tag nrho cov txiv neej-ua fibers yuav tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj.

1. Dag - yog cov neeg uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub ntuj polymer, tab sis lub tuav thiab molding ncaj qha Filaments muaj tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes los ntawm physicochemical txoj kev.
2. Synthetic - fibers uas yog ncaj qha nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj (muaj) tej yam kev mob. Lawv yog raws li nyob rau hauv li ib txwm tsis tshua muaj molecular yuag tebchaw uas hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv lub macromolecules los ntawm polymerization tshua.

Nyob rau hauv lem, dag thiab hluavtaws fibers kuj muaj lawv kev faib thiab cov piv txwv. Xav txog ib tug rau cov khoom cua kuaj.

Lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob pawg loj. Cov lwm qauv ntawm cov pa roj carbon saw, thiab cov hau kev ntawm txoj kev sib raug zoo.

1. Carbochain hluavtaws fibers. Lub ntsiab saw yog ua nruj me ntsis carbon atoms, sib thooj, los ntawm cov pa sigma-hom bonds. ib tug loj heev tooj uas kuaj yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau qhov no pab pawg neeg. Piv txwv li, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polyvinyl cawv.
2. Heterochain hluavtaws fibers. Yus muaj los ntawm xws li carbon nyob rau hauv lub macrochain heteroatoms - nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus thiab lwm tus neeg. Qhov no pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li xws fibers: polyester, polyurethane, Polyamide.

Yog hais tias peb tham txog kev siv ntawm nws nyob rau hauv lub textile kev lag luam, cov nqi piav los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov sib txawv. Yog li, lub dag fiber ntau npaum li cas muaj feem xyuam rau cov khaub ncaws, ntaub pua txaj, phuam da dej thiab lwm yam tsev neeg linen khoom. Txawm hais tias muaj kev zam, thaum xws ntaub yog siv nyob rau hauv cov kos duab.

Khoom cua tshuaj fibers, rau lwm cov tes, ntau npaum li cas yam nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, engineering, kev lag luam, es nyob rau hauv tsev. Ib tug los ze zog saib raws nraim polyester filament fabrics los ntawm lawv thiab daim ntaub ntawv.

Fibers ua los ntawm polyester: ib tug general txheej txheem cej luam

Los ntawm cov tshuaj taw tes ntawm view, cov khoom no - qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sis raug zoo ntawm terephthalic acid C ₈ H ₆ O ₄ thiab ethylene glycol, ib tug dihydric cawv C ₂ H ₆ O _2. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug complex polymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntaub ntawv ib tug ntshiab los yog dawb muaju, muaj ib tug tseem ceeb tej khoom vaj tse - viscosity. Yuav kom ua tau li ntawd ntawm lawv thaum tshav kub kub. Nws yog nyob rau no xyov npaj raws li fibers ncaj qha los ntawm lub substance.

Lub melting kub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no 260 ⁰ C. Qhov no ua rau lawv heev yooj yim mus siv kom muaj lub hom phiaj. Muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tshwj xeeb muaj los ntawm xws li fibers.

1. Synthetic polyester yarns mas dlaws ntawm acids, alkalis.
2. Nws tsis yaj nyob rau hauv dej, cov kuab tshuaj, organic xwm.
3. Yog ib tug insulator, nws yog xyaum tsis ua hluav taws xob.
4. Cov khoom siv ua rau lawv muaj zog, check heev thiab txhim khu kev qha.

Yog kiag li hluavtaws nyob rau hauv cov xwm, cov yarns yog superior nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects rau kev thiab textile yam ntxwv ntawm ntau tus txiv neej-ua fibers.

ntau lawm kev

Raws li cov foregoing hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv polyester raug terephthalic acid. Txawm li cas los, nws lub zog me ntsis phim rau harmonious thiab ceev ceev polymerization tshuaj tiv thaiv uas ethylene glycol, li ntawd nws yog tsis siv nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv no, raws li ib tug ester. Nws lub npe - dimethyl terephthalic acid ester ntawm lub tib lub npe, abbreviated li DMT.

Yog li ntawd, cov siv thiab ua cov polyester fibre yog muaj li ntawm ob peb sib law liag tshuaj kauj ruam:

• oxidation ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm esters ntawm para-xylene, i.e. kev npaj ntawm pib ntaub ntawv;
• esterification, piv txwv li lub ntau lawm ntawm lub ester DMT;
• Distillation thiab purification ntawm lub resulting khoom;
• DMT recrystallization kom tau ntshiab khoom.

Npaj raws li no tswvyim tshuaj npaj rau nkag mus rau hauv lub tom ntej no mus los kev tshua uas ua thiab ua polyester (polyester). Nws yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiab theem.

1. Transesterification tau DMT nrog ethylene glycol. Tshwm - diglycol thiab tsawg molecular yuag polyesters.
2. Polycondensation tau nyob rau hauv thawj kauj ruam yog nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom. Cov no ib tug khov polietilentereftalatat.

Tam sim no nws yog mus rau sab kev. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog dhau los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb me me spinneret prodavlivaya li, thiab yog li npaj fibers. Nyob rau cua txias lawv crystallize. Ntxiv ua yog rho tawm, tus purification thiab coloring.

cov ntaub ntawv uas lub npe

Txawv teb chaws yog ua thiab cov fibers siv. Polyester hluavtaws fibers nyob rau hauv txhua lub xeev tau txais nws lub npe, yog li muaj ib tug ntau ntawm txawv. Cia peb saib yog dab tsi.

1. Nyob rau hauv Russia - polyester, polyether, polyester.
2. Nyob rau hauv America - Dacron.
3. United Kingdom - Terylene.
4. Nyiv - teteron.
5. Fabkis - tergalii.

Txawm li cas los, raws li lawv yuav tsis hu ua, thiab cov khoom nyob li qub thiab daim ntawv thov ib yam nkaus thiab.

Polyester Khoom siv: Properties

Ntawm cov ntsiab zoo nam ntawm Dacron yuav tsum muaj xws li tej nta li:

• phem creasing;
• hluav taws kub kuj;
• teeb kuj;
• durability;
• lub dag lub zog thiab softness, smoothness;
• kuj feem ntau organic solvents, raws li zoo raws li acids thiab alkalis;
• tsis muaj puas;
• ntaub tsis txhawb txoj kev loj hlob uas muaj sia nyob (fungi, mites, kab mob, thiab lwm yam);
• kev cuam tshuam kuj;
• kuj mus ncab.

Ntawm chav kawm, ib txheej ntawm zoo kev ua tau zoo tsis tau mus unnoticed. Uas yog vim li cas rau daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom los ntawm polyester yog heev broad, yuav tsum vov feem ntau cov nplais ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

Txawm li cas los, muaj drawbacks. Cov nram qab no cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi mus rau nws:

• Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xim, thiaj li nplua nuj thiab kaj xim nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg tsis tshwm sim;
• mas electrified, raws li dielectrics lawv tus kheej;
• Yog hais tias koj noj cov tiag tiag, tsis tau tiav los yog tshwj xeeb txoj kev polyester, nws yuav tawv txaus khoom.

Tag nrho cov uas muaj npe tsis zoo yog tshem tawm tau yooj yim ntxiv ntawm tej yam tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm lub fiber. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam pauv loj nqi, lawv tsis muaj.

hollow fibers

Qhov no hom ntawm polyester xov tseem ceeb heev nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho thiab engineering thiab yog siv muaj. Txawm hais tias muaj kev zam. Piv txwv li, xws li hollofayber leej twg pom qhov chaw nkaum nyob rau hauv lub textile kev lag luam.

Lub hollow fibers yog siv rau kev tsim:

• fiberglass;
• lub tsev ntaub ntawv;
• thermal rwb thaiv tsev ntawm tej yam;
• xov tooj cua khoom.

Lawv yog siv raws li cov ntxaij lim dej nyob rau hauv dej khib nyiab kho mob. Hollofayber vim nws tus yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv cov kev tau ntev supplanted ntuj plaub thiab cia ntawm lub textile kev lag luam. Nws los ua lub ntsiab hom muab tub lim cushions, pam vov, khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam.

Pob siliconized fibers

Qhov no yog ib tug yooj yim cov khoom rau qhov siv thiab ua feem ntau cov mos mos, eco-tus phooj ywg thiab uas tsis yog-haum cev ntaub pua chaw pw. Tej fibers yog siv raws li fillers rau quilts thiab tog hauv ncoo.

Vim li cas siv lawv? Qhov no yog vim rau yav tom ntej kev yam ntxwv.

1. Tsis txhob nqus tau dej.
2. Resilient thiab ywj.
3. Amenable mus tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, yooj yim thiab yooj yim kom muaj thiab siv.
4. Lawv tsis muaj tsis hnov tsw.
5. Tsis txhob ua rau ua xua.
6. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm microorganisms.

Tag nrho cov no muab lub towball Polyester fiber raws li ib tug tub lim rooj tog, ntaub pua chaw pw thiab khaub ncaws meej kom zoo dua li tej yam ntuj tso natural "counterparts": down, feather.

Lub disadvantage yog ib tug luv luv lub neej piv rau tej yam ntuj tso cov ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, tus nqi ntawm tej khoom nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim hauv qab no.

staple fiber

Ntawm cov polyester fibers occupies ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw xws li ib tug variation ntawd, raws li ib tug staple xov. Nws yog lawv cog ua hluavtaws fibers mus rau ib tug ntau dua twg lwm leej lwm tus. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias xws li ib tug cov khoom siv ua tus xov nws tus kheej, thiab ces cov ntaub ntawv uas rau khaub ncaws, textiles thiab thiaj li nyob.

Feem ntau nws hu ua staple fibers tsim los ntawm cov harmonious ua ke ntawm wool los yog paj rwb-polyester. Qhov no symbiosis ua rau nws ua tau rau tau txais rau nram qab no hom ntawv uas siv:

• costume;
• Tsho tiv no;
• lace;
• ntawm cov tsho;
• ntaub;
• hnav ris tsho;
• muaj;
• ntaub pua;
• plaub.

Obviously, ib co khoom uas yuav sewn thiab ua los ntawm tej cheebtsam.

Kev xov ntawm polyester

Cov fibers yog siv los ua li nram qab no hom ntawm cov khoom:

• nuv ntses nets thiab trawls;
• ropes thiab cables;
• hoses rau siv roj av;
• canvas;
• conveyor siv;
• rooj zaum koj cov menyuam thiab tsav koj cov menyuam;
• log qaum;
• thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab pom cov ntaub ntawv.

Tej yarns yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi sib tham saum toj no hollow fiber.

Qhuav ntawm polyester ntaub ntawv

Yuav ua li cas lwm cov khoom muaj peev xwm yuav tsim los ntawm polyester? Qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm tej ntaub ntawv, uas yog siv raws li ib tug tub lim, peb twb tau piav saum toj no. Cia li xav ntxiv hais tias hollofayber muab ib tug mos heev thiab xis tog hauv ncoo thiab ib tug sov so thiab ib lub teeb daim pam. Polyester fiber nyob rau hauv lub textile ua lag ua luam yog tsuas irreplaceable thiab txhua txhua xyoo rau ntawm tus nqi ntau dua thiab ntau dua ntawm lub nce.

Kuj siv polyester rau nram qab no hom ntawm fabrics :

• taffeta;
• Crepe;
• knitwear;
• crimplene;
• Mel.

Ntawm lawv ua khaub ncaws, tulle thiab yuav kub hnyiab tau, scenic cwj pwm thiab thiaj li nyob.

Lwm hom tswv yim tib neeg kev ua si, uas yog siv polyester - yog phais. Tshuaj suav hais tias yog tau ua dag cov hlab ntsha thiab phais filament ntawm polyester. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, tswj ntau lub neej-saving ua hauj lwm.

Xyuas ntawm cov khoom thiab no fiber

Muab hais tias, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub yam ntxwv, polyester-raws li ntaub ntawv tseem muaj disadvantages, tsis tag nrho cov neeg txaus siab rau cov khoom siv. Thaum nws los txog rau lub tsev ntawv, yeej yuav muaj tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum: Dacron - tus thawj coj. Txawm li cas los, hais lus ntawm textile khoom thiab khaub ncaws, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg thiab sib txawv. Tsis zoo views kuj qhia siv kuj tau txais polyester fiber. Xyuas ntawm no zoo yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub shortcomings ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg xwb - electrified thiab tsawg lub neej.

Cuaj kaum, cov neeg feem coob yuav mus xav seb polyester ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau xis, zoo nkauj thiab high-zoo niaj hnub cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd, cov khaub ncaws, tsev neeg cov khoom thiab ntaub pua chaw pw ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog nrov nyob rau lub xyoo.

Yog hais tias koj saib nyob rau kev txheeb xyuas ntawm tog hauv ncoo thiab pam vov rau lub hauv paus ntawm polyester, feem coob ntawm lawv tseem yuav yuav zoo, uas yog heev justified thiab ncaj ncees.