Resource-saving technology. Muaj technology. tseeb technology

Niaj hnub nimno kev lag luam yog tsim heev dynamically. Tsis zoo li yav tag los xyoo, qhov no txoj kev loj hlob yog muab txoj kev, muaj kev koom tes ntawm qhov tseeb scientific uas. Paramount tseem ceeb pab-saving technology. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog hais txog tag nrho lub system ntawm kev ntsuas tsom ntawm tseem ceeb yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv kev pab noj thaum tswj ib theem siab ntawm cov khoom zoo. Qhov tseeb tiag mas, sim mus cuag tus nqi qis tshaj tau noj ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv theem.

Tom qab ntawm lub widest kev taw qhia

Txawm tias lub zog ntawm ib puag ncig cov koom haum thiab lawmakers txog ib tug tseem ceeb yuav txo tau ntawm kev tsim txom los ntawm cov ib puag ncig kev lag luam, txawm li cas los. Nyob rau hauv Russia nyob ib leeg, cov kev puas tsuaj tshwm sim los ntawm muaj emissions yog kwv yees li ntawm 150 billion rubles ib xyoo, thiab nyob rau hauv lub US daim duab zoo rau nws nqi mus txog 7% ntawm cov domestic GDP!

Ntiaj teb kev qhia tau hais tias cov neeg nqi tsim tawm rau ib qho chaw-saving technology nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm nws siv, yog tsis piv nrog lub expenditure rau lub leveling los ntawm kev siv ntawm outdated thiab qias neeg ntau lawm txoj kev. Cov ntsiab lus uas tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tshiab technologies tsis pub tshaj tsib lub xyoos.

Great txaus ntshai yog tus gradual havzoov ntawm natural resources. Piv txwv li, cia li 50 xyoo dhau los, tsis txhob tsim deposits ntawm hlau ore, yog tias lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lawv yog tsawg tshaj li 50-60%. Niaj hnub no txawm pib extraction ntawm lub ore, nyob rau hauv uas tsis pub ntau tshaj 30% hlau.

Txawm cov ntoo tshauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov thee siv nyob rau hauv TPP tam sim no tshaj 30%, thaum nyob rau hauv lub 60s, qhov no daim duab tsis pub tshaj 20%. Ib txhia lub zos yuav tsum tau siv rau cua sov rau cov raw khoom, uas yog ntau tshaj 55% tshauv cov ntsiab lus. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv tej zaum nws twb pib ib tug active extraction ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv, txawm los ntawm cov dumps ntawm yav dhau los. Tag nrho cov no muaj txhawb rau ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov pov tseg. Yog li, muaj kev pab-txuag technology yog qho tseem ceeb heev, raws li nws tso cai rau cov kev lag luam thiab lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag rau haus tsawg raw cov ntaub ntawv, ua ntau yam khoom.

Yuav ua li cas yog kev txuag ntawm cov kev pab?

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, txo tus nqi ntawm cov noj pab yog nqa tawm los ntawm re-siv pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv steel ntau lawm yog tam sim no siv yog tsis tsawg tshaj li 30% precast seem nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua daim ntawv yog coj mus txog rau 25% ntawm cov khib nyiab daim ntawv. Tsis-ferrous co siv tsawg kawg yog 20% siv ntawv. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov peev rau lub thoob plaws kev taw qhia ntawm ub pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv yees raws nraim plaub lub sij hawm tsawg dua nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm muaj ntau ceg rau mining.

Muab qhov tseeb hais tias peb yuav tsum tsis txhob sib piv cov nqi nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov hlau, cov technologies cia ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm ib-feem-peb los txo cov cua sov muaj kuab paug ntawm cov ib puag ncig. Cias muab, nws thiaj li muaj teeb meem tsev cog khoom nyhuv. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, investing nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov heev muaj txiaj ntsim.

Qhov ntawd pab kom pab-txuag technologies?

Firstly, tej kev pab-txuag technology muaj tiag txo tus nqi ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab emissions mus rau hauv ib puag ncig. Piv txwv li, thaum muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj pov tseg ntawm metallurgical zus tau tej cov titanium chloride emissions rau cov ib puag ncig tau raug txo los ntawm 50%!

Tej chaw ntawd ua ntej twb nyob los ntawm kev siv technology tshiab dumps los yog landfills, qhov tseeb technology tso cai kiag li dawb ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab siv ua si. Incidentally, xa mus rau nkim kev kho mob, uas comprise ib tug plurality ntawm cov leej faj dioxide (nyob rau hauv tib metallurgy, piv txwv li), tsis tsuas zoo heev thiaj li muaj cov ib puag ncig kev ua qias tuaj, tab sis kuj ho thiaj li tus nqi ntawm cov leej faj chiv ua.

Nws tseem ceeb heev uas tshiab technologies tsim lub hauv paus rau qhov kev ntawm polymeric pov tseg: piv txwv li, cov kev tshav kub muaj peev xwm ntawm ob tons ntawm yas hwj yog zoo li tus nqi ntawm ib tug ton ntawm crude roj! Yog li, tsim ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm cov ntxaij lim dej, peb yuav sov lub loj metropolises xyoo, siv xwb ib lub hnab yas thoob khib nyiab los ntawm landfills ...

Wb sib piv ...

Tsis tshua muaj neeg muaj nqis uas tshiab muaj technologies nyob rau hauv lub steel kev lag luam. Yog hais tias lub melted hlau nyhav ib toos, lub kuab paug ntawm qhov chaw (piv rau steel smelting ntawm ore) yog txo tam sim ntawd rau 86% ntawm cov dej yuav tsum tau 76% tsawg dua, thiab tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm pov tseg yog txo tam sim ntawd los ntawm 57%! Kwv yees li tib yam duab yog tau yog hais tias peb los sib piv zus tau tej cov ntawv los ntawm siv ntawv thiab nkauj xwb sis plawv hniav.

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov ib puag ncig!

Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm qhov tam sim no qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov ib puag ncig teb yoojyim npaum li cas rau muab qhov kev kawm, tag nrho cov niaj hnub siv tshuab yuav tsum pab txhawb kom txo pollutant emissions mus rau hauv cov cua. Muab lub xeev ntawm niaj hnub no nws yog tib yam Norilsk metallurgical thiab lwm lub zos yog tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws tab sis ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, qhov tseeb muaj yees yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas yog muab cov hauj lwm rau ntau tus neeg nyob rau hauv heavy kev lag luam, tab sis kuj yuav tiv thaiv lawv cov kev kho mob.

Raws li txoj kev tshiab ntawm ntau lawm?

Firstly, nws nqa tawm loj hloov ntawm tsawg-zoo raw cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj ntau niaj hnub counterparts, uas yuav ua tau tib yam kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov khoom uas zoo zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov xim ntau lawm, qhov no mus kom ze tau coj mus rau cov kev hloov ntawm standard xim tsev raws li nyob rau hauv cov organic solvents rau dej-soluble cov khoom.

Rau thaum xaus neeg siv cov no kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb fwm cov khoom functionality tsis muaj degrading nws tiag tiag ua tau zoo. Ib tug piv txwv zoo heev yog cov kev hloov ntawm lub polymer zaj duab xis rau ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub nplaum kab xev. Nws zoo tseem muaj nyob rau tib yam, tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov khib nyiab thiab emissions poob sharply. Qhov no yog ib qho chaw-saving technologies, piv txwv uas peb tuaj nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nws yog ib qhov tseem ceeb los mus hloov lub tsim txoj kev nws tus kheej, yog li ntawd nws sau raws nkaus Ii muaj hnub tseeb. Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no, ntau thiab ntau tseem ceeb yog txuas mus rau lub hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm ntau lawm los ib tug tas mus lub voj voog ntawm ntau lawm tso zis. Cov tshuaj no yog ntau npaum li cas pheej tshaj lub periodic siv ceev xwmphem thiab pib cov khoom, uas yog nrog los ntawm ib tug ntse nce nyob rau hauv lub emission ntawm teeb meem tshuaj.

Zoo txog rau qhov no kuj yog ib tug yuav tsum tau rau cov hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm ntau lawm los tus tshiab cov khoom uas kov tsawg consumables, roj thiab spare qhov chaw. Tej kev pab-txuag technology nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam heev kom manufacturability. Qhov no tsis tsuas pab txo tus nqi ntawm cov pov tseg, tab sis tseem muaj txhawb rau ib tug tseem ceeb yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv nqe ntawm cov khoom muag kawg.

Computers - mus rau lub masses!

Piv txwv li, cov muaj xws li CNC thiab tag nrho kev siv computer ntau lawm kab, uas yog nrog lub siab tshaj plaws yog cov neeg thiab efficiency yuav txiav los ntawm khoom daim hlau yuav tsum tau paub meej. Tej cov cav tov (raws li muab piv nrog cov pa) muab ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tus nqi rau 50-80% ntawm pov tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis muaj kev txhawj txog qhov theem ntawm cov kev kawm ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm.

Nco ntsoov tias kev siv ntawm niaj hnub technologies muaj kev pov plob tsis tsuas mus rau txo tus nqi ntawm cov pov tseg, tab sis kuj lawv muaj kev ruaj ntseg cia. Yuav kom kawg taw tes muaj xws li cov nram qab no yuav tsum:

• Qhov chaw ntawm tej pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev yuav tsum tsis txhob tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov ib puag ncig.
• Tag nrho cov pov tseg yuav tsum raug fej li hais tias tom qab nws yog yooj yim los mus xa lawv yuav tsum tau siv.
• Yog hais tias lub recycling ntawm pov tseg rau tus uas twb muaj kev thiab hauj theem yog tsis tau, lawv yuav tsum tau pauv mus rau ib lub xeev nyob rau hauv uas lawv sib sib zog tsa tus kawg tau tsis zoo los (melting ntawm lub glassy lub xeev ntawm siv nuclear roj).
• Raws li, ntim rau long-term cia yuav tsum tsawg kawg raug rau corrosion thiab lwm yam tsis zoo ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb.

Ntsiab piv txwv ntawm kev pab-txuag technologies

Ib tug classic piv txwv yuav suav hais tias pyrolysis thee ntxuav, tshuaj, ore hnav khaub ncaws hom kev kawm, txoj kev alkaline peat ua los ntawm cov uas nws puv tawm tsis tau tsuas yog roj tab sis kuj humic chiv, nroj txoj kev loj hlob stimulants. Tag nrho cov kev siv technology tshiab "delights" yog tsis tsuas dramatically txo tus nqi yuav tsum tau rau zus tau tej cov nqaij nyoos cov khoom, tab sis kuj muab ib tug ntau ntawm sab kev noj qab nyob cov khoom. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nws kev txhawj xeeb kev ntawm cov peat, thaum uas siv cov tshuaj ntawm txhua hnub raw cov ntaub ntawv rau fais fab nroj tsuag yog txawm tshuaj!

Piv txwv ntawm bio-tshuaj ua los ntawm ib tug feedstock

Yog hais tias koj xav tias qhov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov chaw resource-saving technologies nyob rau hauv lub lom ntau lawm xwb tag rau txoj kev tshiab ntawm zus tau tej cov biologically active additives thiab cov tshuaj noj, ces koj yog heev yuam. Cov niaj hnub theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm technology yuav siv, lawv twb nyob rau hauv lub steel kev lag luam.

Yog li ntawd, niaj hnub no yog nce siv kab mob leaching ntawm co ntawm ores thaum nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus cov ntsiab lus ntawm tej yam khoom uas (qub dumps) tswj kom tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov high-zoo raw cov ntaub ntawv, tsis muaj los ua dumps ntawm txoj kev loj hlob tag nrho lub koog tsev kawm ntawv. Lwm txaus nyiam kab mob yog lub extraction ntawm nqi co ntawm cov dej khib nyiab ...! Thiab nws tsis yog hais txog steel ntau lawm, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub khiav ntawm lub zos loj.

Yog li, cov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov chaw resource-saving technologies characterizes lub degree ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tsis tsuas yog lub lag luam, tiam sis kuj zej zog raws li ib tug tag nrho. Khaws cia rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ib ncig ntawm peb, peb yuav kis tau rau lawv cov offspring.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm leaching ntawm leej faj yuav tsum tau los ntawm ib tug tsawg ntawm high-zoo thee, hais tias tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi ntxiv yog tshwj xeeb yog tsim. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los nquag nce lub roj ntsha kev kho mob technology yog tsawg-zoo lignite, uas yog tau los ntawm ib tug zoo dag av.

siv

Feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv rau lub tsev nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm yog vaj tse thiab ua kev reinforced. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws thaum lub sij hawm lub xyoo lawv ua ntau tshaj 250 lab tons. Thiab vim hais tias niaj hnub siv tshuab mus rau ib tug loj raws li nyob rau hauv lub accented hluav kev pab thaum lawv yog muab.

Kev txuag cov kev pab nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov kev reinforced

Qhov teeb meem yog hais tias lub pob zeb - ib tug heev zog-intensive cov khoom siv rau zus tau tej cov uas siv ib tug lossis loj npaum li cas ntawm hluav taws xob. Nyob rau zus tau tej cov ib cubic Meter cia li tsuas siv 470 txhiab. Kcal! Yog hais tias lub dab yog flawed, los yog nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub thaum nws yuav tsum tau sau nyob rau hauv pob zeb lug qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw, tus nqi ntawm tag nrho cov yuav muaj nqi tshaj 1 lab kcal!

Muab hais tias lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag nyob rau hauv lub xyoo nws yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog 12 lab tons ntawm qhob, energy- thiab kev pab-txuag technologies ua rau nws tau mus cawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov nyiaj.

Qhov loj tshaj teeb meem yog cov loj nqi overruns builders xis mas. Muaj ib co tiag tiag txoj kev los kho qhov no omission. Ua ntej, qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob puv nkaus cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cai nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas yog cov builders siv tsawg-zoo aggregates uas tsis tau raws li ib tug lub hom phiaj. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau nws tshwm sim thaum siv cov qub xuab zeb siv ASG.

Yuav kom ib tug loj raws li nws yog tau txo nqi los ntawm kev siv additives, plasticizers, uas yog tam sim no dav muaj nyob rau ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb kev tsim kho scene. Zoo plasticizer yuav txo tau lub tau ntawm MAAs tam sim ntawd mus rau 20%, lub dag lub zog yam ntxwv ntawm lub tsev raug tsa yog tsis cuam tshuam. Muab hais tias qhov tseeb tshuab rau hauv kev ua lag luam yuav ua tau pua pua ntawm lub npe, plasticizing additives yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv tej haum txoj kev.

Lwm yam nqi zog

Thaum isothermal cia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hlau ib cubic Meter ntawm qhob "noj" tsis tsawg tshaj li 60 txhiab. Kcal. Yog hais tias cov khoom yog faulty, lub tshav kub tsis tsub kom nyob rau hauv ib tug geometrical kev vam meej. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib co nroj tsuag, qhov no daim duab zoo tshaj 200 txhiab. Kcal ib cubic Meter ntawm qhob. Yog li, nws yog ua tau ntau tshaj li peb lub sij hawm los txo cov ntau tau ntawm cov kev pab, cia li nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm rau repairing cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm qhob.

Ib tug heev pheej yog cov cua kub ntawm ib tug plasticizable sib tov ntawm hluav taws xob (nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws tseem tau los txo tsis tau tsuas yog tus nqi ntawm cov xis mas, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub plasticizer sib tov.

Lwm yam txoj kev MAAs txhab nyiaj khaws nyiaj

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias heev tsis zoo luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm cov loj loj MAAs losses thaum lub sij hawm nws thauj mus los. Qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub yuav tsis tau xa los ntawm qhib txoj kev, tsis tso cai rau heev congestion. MAAs losses ua ib tug loj heev, yog hais tias nws thawj nqa los ntawm hiav txwv, thiab ces loaded mus rau lub railway platform, nrog uas nws xa lub tsheb.

Cov losses yuav zam tau nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb qhov chaw mus nqa MAAs clinker. Nws yuav tshem khoom ib tug unlimited tooj ntawm lub sij hawm. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv uas yog xa mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm tsuas yog zom clinker kom tau ib tug high-zoo MAAs nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau npaum li cas.

Nws yog tsis tshua muaj ib qho tseem ceeb raws li txoj cai kev xaiv ntawm qhob qhab nia uas yuav yeej phim ib tug kev ua hauj lwm. Xyaum qhia tau hais tias tshaj 30% ntawm tag nrho cov MAAs losses tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob qhov twg builders siv tsis yog cim qhob. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, muaj mob thaum ua hauj lwm yog tsim nyog los hloov kiag li.

Yog li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub technologies los pab cawm kev pab siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ceg ntawm science thiab kev lag luam. Plaug tshiab ntau lawm txoj kev, peb yuav txo tau tus nqi ntawm cov teeb meem emissions mus rau hauv huab cua thiab dej, tiv thaiv cov ib puag ncig rau tag nrho cov yav tom ntej tiam.