Anna Akhmatova lub "Requiem": cov khoom tsom xam

Lub neej ntawm no Lavxias teb sab kws sau paj lug yog inextricably txuas nrog rau txoj hmoo ntawm nws lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam yog ib qho yooj yim ua raws li, zawm lub noose ntawm lub totalitarian tsoom fwv thiab ntau pumped ntshai heev. Nws yog thaum lub sij hawm cov neeg txaus ntshai xyoo, thiab cov paj huam raug tsim, qhov twg tag nrho cov Anna Akhmatova qhib - "Requiem". Analysis ntawm cov khoom no mus pib nrog, thaum nws sau. Los ntawm 1935 mus 1940. Nws coj rau xyoo kom paub meej tias ua kom tiav cov paj huam, thiab txhua txhua xyoo, lub hli thiab hnub tau mus haus dej haus ntawm kev tu siab thiab kev txom nyem.

Cov paj huam muaj ntau haiv neeg tshooj, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj lawv lub tswv yim. Muaj kuj yog epigraph, uas yog preceded by Akhmatova lub "Requiem". Qhov tsom xam ntawm cov ob peb kab qhia yog vim li cas Anna tso tseg lub tswv yim ntawm txawv teb chaws los ntawm Russia. Cov lus no "Kuv yog nrog kuv cov neeg, nyob qhov twg kuv cov neeg zoo, hmoov tsis, yog" nyob rau hauv ib tug ci ntsa iab sparingly qhia txog tus xwm txheej no ntawm lub sij hawm uas lub sij hawm. Interestingly, lub epigraph twb sau nees-nkaum ib xyoos tom qab cov paj huam, nyob rau hauv 1961, tom qab lub "txiv ntawm cov neeg" ntawm txoj kev tuag.

Tshooj "Es tsis txhob ib tug Phau" kuj hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo 1957 .. Poet yog tias rau ib tug tshiab tiam uas tsis tau pom lub horrors ntawm "Yezhov xav tias tsam lawv" thiab xav tias tsam lawv era Beria, zaj dab neeg tseem tsis totaub. Leej Tub Anna, Lva Gumilova, peb twb puas tau raug ntes nyob rau lub xyoo. Tab sis tsis yog hais txog nws tus kheej kev tu siab qhia Akhmatova. "Requiem", tus tsom xam yuav tsum tau nqa tawm mus qhia rau hauv lub deepest khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov poetics ntawm cov xyoo, qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm lub roob, "uas quaj stomilonny neeg."

Akhmatova nyob rau hauv muaj zog, ntsuas raws li lub hum ntawm ib tug pam tuag ringing kab thim ib portrait ntawm lub Soviet Union: lub countless niam, cov poj niam, cov muam thiab brides sawv nyob rau hauv queues mus rau tsev lojcuj qhov rais mus dhau rau koj tus hlub artless victuals, thiab ris-tsho sov. Style thiab loj thoob plaws hauv lub lyrical voj voog hloov: nws trehstopny anapaest, cov dawb nqe lus no, tus chetyrehstopnym ferrets. Nws yog tsis xav tsis thoob, vim hais tias cov tsim Akhmatova lub "Requiem". Analysis ntawm no paj huam pub rau ib tug tib neeg thaum uas tig mus nrog cov daim music by Mozart, uas tau sau ib lub ntees tuag dirge rau ib tug tsis paub neeg nyob rau hauv dub.

Ib yam li nyob rau hauv "Requiem" ntse heev composer, nyob rau hauv cov paj huam yog ib tug qhua tuaj noj mov. Lub taub hau ntawm "kheej cob rau Yehauvas" yog sau nyob rau hauv prose. Cov neeg nyeem kawm hais tias qhov no zakazchitsa - "poj niam nrog xiav daim di ncauj", sawv nyob rau hauv tib queue nrog Akhmatova nyob rau hauv Leningrad rau lub qhov rais ntoo khaub lig. "Kheej cob rau Yehauvas" thiab "kev nkag teb chaws" dua underscore lub Scope ntawm kev tsuj swept lub teb chaws: "Qhov twg yog qhov unwitting tus hluas nkauj ... tsiv tsaim heev los xyoo?". Kaum tom ntej tshooj, uas yog hu ua "kab lus", "Yuav kom tus tuag" thiab "raug ntsia saum ntoo", ib zaug dua qhia hais tias xav los mus tsim Akhmatova lub "Requiem". Analysis ntawm lub ntees tuag kev pab cuam resonates nrog tus mob siab rau ntawm Yexus Khetos thiab hmoov niam - tej niam.

"Epilogue", uas xaus nrog cov khoom, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev. Muaj cov kws sau paj lug dua ib zaug ntaqwm lub countless poj niam nrog nws yav dhau los los ntawm tag nrho cov voj voog ntawm ntuj raug txim, thiab muab ib tug zoo ntawm lyrical ua tim khawv: "Yog hais tias puas tau nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no mus txhim tsa xeeb monument kuv ... [cia nws muab tso rau nws nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm« Kresty »lub tsev loj cuj] qhov twg kuv sawv rau peb puas teev, uas tsis qhib lub bar rau kuv. " Analysis ntawm Akhmatova tus kwv huam, nws tej hauj lwm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm twb tsis sau rau ntawm daim ntawv (vim hais tias lawv yuav tsaws), tab sis tsuas yog xyaum los ntawm lub plawv, uas yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv tag nrho tsuas yog thaum perestroika, qhia rau peb hais tias raws li ntev raws li cov nyiaj ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog tsis raws li hais, thiab cov monument nws yuav tsis sawv nyob rau hauv lub "ntoo khaub lig" ntawm totalitarianism duab ntxoov ntxoo yuav dai tshaj lub teb chaws.