Tsim, Zaj dabneeg
"Zubatovism" - yog ... Yuav ua li cas yog "Zubatovism" nyob rau hauv keeb kwm?
ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm "Zubatovism" Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Social-ywj pheej zog nyob rau hauv Russia. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Yuav ua li cas yog nws tuaj los ntawm? Seb ntev muaj? Cov no yog cov peb lub ntsiab teeb meem uas ua rau lub ntxiv kev loj hlob ntawm revolutionary sentiment nyob rau hauv lub ces monarchical lub xeev.
Lub tswvyim ntawm "Zubatovism" luv luv txhais li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Tsarist tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub zog lo lus nug uas sawv nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov XX caug xyoo. Nws twb tswj kom xu loj loj pawg ntawm cov neeg los ntawm cov nom tswv nriaj tiv thaiv lub monarchical lub hwj chim thiab hloov qhov no mus rau lub imposition ntawm tsuas economic xav tau mus rau tsoom fwv. Qhov twg tuaj "Zubatovism", yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi yog nws ua? Nyob rau nws koj yuav kawm tau los ntawm peb cov tsab xov xwm no.
txhais
Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum to taub lub tswvyim. Yog li ntawd, "Zubatovism" - ib tug zoo ntawm tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov tsarist tsoom fwv nyob rau hauv lub 1901-1903 xyoo. Nws initiator pib, oddly txaus, cov thawj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub nroog ntawm Moscow SV Zubatov nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, "Zubatovism" - ib tug provocative los ntawm tsoom fwv ntawm tsarist Russia los cuam tshuam cov neeg los ntawm cov revolutionary nriaj tiv thaiv lub autocratic cai. Cov neeg tau sim koom nrog rau nyob rau hauv dag monarchist neeg ua hauj lwm 'koom haum.
Tsis tas li ntawd, "Zubatovism" - yog ib tug tshwj xeeb daim ntawv ntawm tawm tsam nrog uas Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws sim zuaj lub loj hlob tus ntawm Social Democrats nyob rau hauv lub kawm ua hauj lwm.
nrhiav kom tau
Nyob rau hauv lub ntxov thib nees nkaum caug xyoo, lub taub hau ntawm cov kev ruaj ntseg department ntawm lub nroog ntawm Moscow yog ib tug Zubatov Sergey Vasilevich. Nws yog ua tsaug rau nws hais tias twb uncovered thiab puas ntau ntawm cov uas twb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub revolutionary cov koom haum. Nyob rau hauv 1896, ua hauj lwm ntawm lub zais cia cov tub ceev xwm nrhiav tau ib tug ntawm cov thawj tuam txhab uas muag ntawm tus Social-kev ywj pheej tog, hu ua "Moscow Cov neeg ua haujlwm 'Union, uas yog tsim los ntawm combining ob peb nom tswv voj voog.
Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub interrogation ntawm puas tau raug ntes plotters Zubatov thawj ces yuav tsum yog ib tug txawv txawv. Lub fact tias tag nrho cov detainees yuav tsum tau muab faib ua ob pawg. Ib tug muaj intellectuals, revolutionaries, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm - zoo tib yam neeg ua hauj lwm. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau pom dab tsi tshwm sim nyob ib ncig ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev. Yog li, lub intellectuals twb paub txog hais tias lawv tau coj tuaj rau kev ncaj ncees. Tab sis neeg ua hauj lwm yuav tsis tau paub tseeb seb yog dab tsi raws nraim lawv yog liam. Lawv pom tsis muaj kev nom kev tswv vim li cas nyob rau hauv lawv ua.
Pib ntawm lub Social ywj zog
To taub tag nrho Zubatov pab tshwj xeeb ntaub ntawv. Peb yuav hais tias nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm ntawd nws thawj sab lub hav zoov ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo-kev ywj pheej sib. Nws pom hais tias, pib los ntawm lub 1890s, ntau cov koom haum pib los txais yuav cov qauv ntawm cov German conspirators.
German Social Democrats tau tswj kom muab rau hauv ib tug nom tswv Cheebtsam ntawm lub kiv puag ncig mus rau lub economic kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Lawv tej lus qhuab qhia nteg nyob rau hauv lub fact tias mus cuag lawv xav tau, lawv yuav tsum tau tsuas yog los ntawm ib tug kev sib raug zoo kiv puag ncig. Lawv skilful dag nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub Social Democrats yog nyiam rau nws Cov Qib los ntawm lub nroog proletariat li muaj coob tus neeg uas yuav tom qab yuav tsum muab mus rau hauv ib tug haib revolutionary pab tub rog.
Lub tswv yim Zubatov
Thaum kawm tshwj xeeb ntaub ntawv thiab paub hais tias cov kev txaus ntshai, uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej teeb lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev cai ywj pheej, lub taub hau ntawm tub ceev xwm lub to taub lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: ib co repressive ntsuas yuav tsis tau dab tsi. Zubatov paub kom tsis muaj zog lub zog yuav tsum tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, yog tias koj tshem tawm cov nws cov ntsiab tivthaiv - cov ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv. Thiab kom qhov no nws yog tsim nyog hais tias cov heev tam sim no tsoom fwv tog nrog cov neeg thiab kev txhawb lawv tawm tsam rau economic kev txaus siab.
Tom ntej no tuaj ib daim ntawv nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv lub rooj ntawm Governor-General ntawm Moscow, uas yog cov neeg pej xeem Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Zubatov lub tswv yim nws nyiam, thiab nws muab kev tso cai rau kev nthuav cov kev ua ub rau neeg ua hauj lwm.
lub tswv yim
Thaum ua interrogations ntawm detainees, Zubatov sim los ua pov thawj hais tias tsoom fwv nws tus kheej tsis yog lawv tus yeeb ncuab, txawm yog hais tias tus monarchy yog tau mus cuag lub siab ntawm tag nrho lawv tej nyiaj txiag xav tau. Tab sis koj yuav tsum to taub qhov txawv ntawm qhov revolutionary thiab ua hauj lwm-class zog. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thawj muaj ideological nyiam, qhov thib ob lub hom phiaj yog nyiaj.
Qhov no piav Zubatov tau nws cov kev vam meej. Convinced los ntawm nws cov lus, cov neeg pib mus sib tw nyob rau hauv nws nruab nrab, thiab tom qab ib tug thaum tau txais thawj tsab ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib haiv neeg ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.
fundamentals
Yog li, lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws pib ntoog nrog lub Social-ywj pheej koom haum nyob rau hauv nws lub teb chaws los ntawm cov uas tom qab lub npe hu ua "Zubatovism". Luv luv nws yuav sau ua ke nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb paragraphs.
● Hloov cov revolutionary rau cov kev qhia ntawm evolution. Yog hais tias tus thawj muaj cov tub overthrow ntawm tsoom fwv, lub thib ob tsis tso phem nyob rau hauv ib yam ntawm cov nws cov ntaub ntawv los yog hom.
● Txhawb tag nrho cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub autocracy txog kev sib raug zoo. Lub ntsiab kauj twb muab tso rau pem hauv ntej hais tias tus monarchy nws tus kheej yog inclined rau kev ncaj ncees, nws alien rau tag nrho cov tsausmuag ua.
● ruaj txoj kev ntseeg uas cov teg num kiag li xaus qhov twg txoj cai tuaj rau hauv cov hlab hwj chim, piv txwv li. E. Cov kev hloov ntawm no kab yog tsis tsim nyog arbitrariness. Txhua yam kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yuav tsum yog los ntawm tsoom fwv, thiab tsuas yog los ntawm nws.
● Ib tug piav qhia txog cov uas twb muaj lawm sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus revolutionary thiab cov lag luam tawm union zog. Tus thawj deals nrog lub tsausmuag kho kom zoo ntawm tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv, thiab lub thib ob - tsuas yog rau nws zoo tshaj plaws kev txaus siab.
tsheb kev loj hlob
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1901 nrog rau cov kev tso cai ntawm tus Chief ntawm tub ceev xwm Trepov pab pawg neeg ntawm Moscow activists tsim lub "Society ntawm kev sib nrig ua hauj lwm cov neeg kho tshuab ntau lawm." Zubatov nkag lawv nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb phau ntawv no. Lawv tham txog cov kev ua hauj lwm zog.
Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nyob rau hauv Moscow pib los tuav lectures rau cov neeg, uas nyiam zoo chaw. Tag nrho cov rooj sib tham tau tuav nyob rau hauv lub saib xyuas ntawm Zubatov neeg uas twb paub txog tag nrho cov txheej xwm noj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub nroog.
Thaum lub sij hawm no, ib tug tshwj xeeb Council ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog tsim, uas tau txais kev tsis txaus siab los ntawm cov neeg raws li zoo raws li tiv thaiv lawv cov kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tej los rau LWM los ntawm cov manufacturers. Yog li, Trepov nrog Zubatovs txhawb Council. Ntxiv mus, lawv kuj tsim siab rau lub manufacturers. Cov tshwm sim ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm tau raug tsa rau ib tug txhob lo lo ntxhuav manufactory strike, uas ntawd kub ntev li rau ib tug tag nrho lub hli.
Tej khiav tawm hauv tsev kawm tau zoo ntawm lub tuam txhab, uas defends kev txaus siab ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm, pib kom tau ib tug tiag tiag legendary sijhawm. Tom qab ntawd Zubatov zog lawm nws zoo tsis yooj yim sua lub hav zoov ntawm ib tug kev sib raug zoo-kev ywj pheej dag nyob rau hauv Moscow.
tshem tawm
Chiv, lub tuam txhab kev ua ub no tau zoo heev, muaj ntau yam ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm kawm cov rooj sib tham. Tab sis los ntawm 1902 lub Social Democrats pom tau hais qhov txaus ntshai nyiag ua los ntawm Zubatov zog. Lawv kis tau tus lus xaiv hais tias lub tuam txhab - nws yog ib tug tub ceev xwm cuab, tsim muaj ib lub hom phiaj - los qhia cov neeg uas tsis txaus siab rau lub monarchy. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm, uas collaborated nrog Zubatovs, tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, "Zubatovism" - lub ntsiab txhais ntawm "provocation".
Social Democrats dag muaj pov thawj yuav tsum tau zoo heev, thiab cov tshiab lub tuam txhab tau discredited. Tam sim no cov xibfwb tsis kam mus qhuab qhia ntawm cov rooj sib tham, txij thaum lawv tau ceeb toom tias yog hais tias lawv tso cai rau yuav pilloried.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1903 pib loj strike nyob rau hauv sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws, nrog los ntawm nom tswv demonstrations. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub Social Democrats tau sai heev ntxiv dag zog rau. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm lub tib lub xyoo, ib nthwv dej ntawm demonstrations tau mus txog thiab Odessa. Lub unrest coj ib feem thiab "Zubatovites".
Tiv thaiv lub keeb kwm ntawm puas tau-ua strikes thiab discontent Hoobkas tub ceev xwm cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm, nom tswv txiav txim siab los tso tseg nws cov kev cai. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1903 tag nrho cov Zubatov lub koom haum mus nyob qhovtwg li. Nws tus kheej lub initiator ntawm no lub zog twb tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab tau sai xa mus rau exile.
Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi "Zubatovism" nyob rau hauv keeb kwm? Nws yog txoj cai ntawm thiaj li hu ua tub ceev xwm socialism. Nws lub ntsiab aim yog mus rau undermine lub neeg ua hauj lwm 'kev nom kev tswv zog, tsim kev cai lij choj koom haum sib ntaus sib tua tsuas yog rau cov kev kawm tau ntawm economic nyiam. Thiab dua li, "Zubatovism" - nws yog ib rau cov yeeb yam los tiv thaiv cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov nruj tswj ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub ceev xwm.
Similar articles
Trending Now