Yuav ua li cas yog lub tsev qiv ntawv: keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm, hom thiab xyuas

Tsab neeg yog cov creation ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv - ib feem ntawm lub kab lis kev cai ntawm txhua lub teb chaws. Likhachev Dmitry Sergeyevich ib zaug rightly hais tias yog hais tias tus sib tsub sib nias miv, ces yeej revive lub kab lis kev cai, txawm hais tias cov tsev kawm ntawv yuav ploj. Tab sis tsis yog txhua txhua tus neeg to taub dab tsi yog yuav tsum tau cov tsev qiv ntawv.

qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov tsev qiv ntawv

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm cov tsev qiv ntawv twb repositories ntawm thaud, thiab tom qab lub sij hawm ancient, lawv tau hloov mus rau hauv lub zej lub zos cov chaw, cov uas twb mus txhawb kev paub. Zog ntawm Guj kuj pom lawv rau thawj lub sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub XI-XII centuries.

Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv no qhov chaw koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug sib txawv heev phau ntawv los ntawm cov kev kawm cheeb tsam rau kev ua hauj lwm, kev kawm thiab lom zem xwb. Yog li ntawd yog vim li cas peb yuav tsum tau qiv?

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv - ib lub koom haum ntawm tus sau, preservation thiab kev siv ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Chiv, lub tsev qiv ntawv uas yuav tsum tau rau kev kawm thiab kis tau paub. Lawv yuav tsum txhua yam: preschool cov me nyuam, lub tsev kawm ntawv cov me nyuam, cov tub ntxhais kawm, pensioners thiab kws tshawb fawb.

Zaum tau pov thawj hais tias tus tib neeg lub hlwb yuav tuav ib tug ntau dua ntaub ntawv tshaj lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Congress of America. Txawm li cas los, noob neej twb tsis tau kawm tau mus siv tag nrho cov possibilities ntawm lub paj hlwb, yog li phau ntawv lub khw yuav tsis ploj thiab yuav tsum tau. Tam sim no txhua leej txhua tus paub li cas yog yuav tsum tau cov tsev qiv ntawv.

Tus thawj tsev qiv ntawv

Rov qab nyob rau hauv lub qub hnub nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Asia tsim lub thiaj li hu ua tsev qiv ntawv. Nyob rau hauv Nippur cim assemblage ntawm av nplaum ntsiav tshuaj tau pom (2500 BC), uas yog hu ua tus txheej thaum ub phau ntawv daim ntawv qhia. Ib me ntsis tom qab nyob rau hauv lub pyramid ntawm vaj ntxwv pom papyri.

Nyob rau hauv lub plaub xyoo pua BC Heracles qhib thawj nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu ua qhib tim Nkij teb chaws lub tsev qiv ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub thib peb xyoo pua BC nrhiav Alexandria repository ntawm cov phau ntawv, uas yog tabtom ntshai raws li ib tug colossal chaw ntawm ancient cov phau ntawv. Cov tsev qiv ntawv muaj xws li astroobservatorii, botany thiab kev kawm txog tsiaj txhu lub vaj, cov chav rau cov neeg ciaj thiab rau lub readings ntawm cov phau ntawv. Ib me ntsis tom qab nws tau muab rau hauv ib tug tsev cia puav pheej, uas yog lawm ua tus sau nrog cov khoom ua si tsiaj, statues thiab accessories rau cov tshuaj thiab astronomy. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias xws li chaw twb ua tau rau lub chaw dawb huv. Puas lub tsev qiv ntawv xav tau? Nyob rau hauv cov hnub, lo lus nug no twb tsis tau nug. Cov neeg sau lawv cov kev paub skillfully pab qhia rau yav tom ntej tiam.

nqi thaud

Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab monastic cov tsev qiv ntawv ua khw sau dua tshiab tus thawj. Feem ntau theej ib tsab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Ua thaud yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab lub sij hawm-siv, tab sis vim hais tias cov phau ntawv muaj lub siab tshaj plaws muaj nqis. Uas yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb vaults lawv chained.

Thaum muaj tau publishing tsev, tsev qiv ntawv, lub neej tau hloov dramatically, vim hais tias lawv tau ceased rau koj khiav lag luam raws li archives. depositories nyiaj tau ua sai heev. Cov ntau yam lawv ua thaum tuaj lub sij hawm ntawm loj prisovokupleniem rau kev kawm ntawv. Koj peb yuav tsum tau ib tug tsev qiv ntawv nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los teb. Muaj coob tus neeg xav digital media, tab sis lawv yuav tsis tau muaj tsis muaj lub sij phau ntawv.

hom ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv

Tsev qiv ntawv yuav ua tau:

• lub teb chaws;
• regional;
• pej xeem;
• tshwj xeeb;
• rau lub qhov muag tsis pom;
• tsev kawm ntawv;
• tsev kawm ntawv;
• tsev neeg.

Nws yog ib los ze zog saib, dab tsi li koj xav ntawm txhua hom ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv.

National nyeem ntawv chav tsev tsim los khaws cia thiab tau lees tias unhindered nkag tau mus rau luam cov ntaub ntawv muab los ntawm lub xeev. Rau replenishment, tej lub teb chaws ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm yuav tsum tau mus kuaj.

Regional tsev qiv ntawv - ib tug faib cov saum toj no-hais tsev, uas yog tsim nyog rau lub neej nyob deb nroog tuaj. Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias xws li sib tsub sib nias kuj muaj txhua txoj cai tau txais ib tug yuav tsum mus kuaj.

Cov pej xeem cov tsev qiv ntawv cov neeg siv muaj txoj cai tau txais ntsib nrog lub ntau yam thiab nrov ntaub ntawv. Puas lub tsev qiv ntawv xav tau nyob rau hauv lub digital muaj hnub nyoog? Lo lus nug no twb tau nug dua. Tab sis, tsuas vim hais tias koj muaj peev xwm cawm cov tsev qiv ntawv kev thiab txawj cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no.

tshwj xeeb phau ntawv teev ib daim ntawv

Nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov tsev qiv ntawv cia ntawv tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj, xws li patents, lub xeev tus qauv los yog daim ntawv music. Feem ntau, cov kev nyeem ntawv chav uas tsim los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau mus cawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob.

Tsev qiv ntawv rau cov dig muag qhov muag tsis pom tso cai thiab txawj nyeem ntawv uas saib tsis zoo, los saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv xws lag muab suab phau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv uas yog sau los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb font. Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv rau qhov muag tsis pom yog suav tias yog lub biggest nyob rau hauv Russia, vim hais tias nws tsuas yog cov phau ntawv uas tua qauv uas lub qhov muag tsis pom yuav tau ntsib nrog rau cov tsos ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm tej yam khoom.

Phau ntawv - qhov no kev txawj ntse!

Tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv nyob rau hauv universities muab cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawv. Lawv peculiarity yog hais tias lawv ua nqaim vajvoog ntawm cov neeg siv. Txawm li cas los, koj yuav tau raws li lub tsev kawm ntawv kev nyeem ntawv chav tsev nrog dawb nkag tau mus. Puas muaj ib tug yav tom ntej rau cov tsev qiv ntawv? Lo lus nug no twb nug mus rau niaj hnub kawm ntawv. Feem ntau cov hais tias tsis muaj - lawv yog neeg zoo li cov phau ntawv thiab suab ntawv.

Tsis li ntawd, ntev dhau los, nyob rau hauv cov tsev qiv ntawv, ib tug tshiab puag ncig - lub virtual tsev qiv ntawv. Tej neeg nrog kev nkag tau mus rau hauv internet muaj lub peev xwm mus download tau tej phau ntawv los ntawm tshwj xeeb qhov chaw. Cov hluas tiam tawm cov lus nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm hluav taws xob depositories. Tab sis cov neeg laus xav kom "nyob" phau ntawv.

structured cov tsev qiv ntawv

Cov sib tsub sib nias ntawm cov neeg siv yuav tsum tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv ob cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, tus nyeem ntawv acquires subscription. Los ntawm no pass yuav tau los ntawm kev siv ntawm tej ntawv rau ib lub sij hawm. Ib txhia daim ntawv ntawm qhov kev pab no tus nyeem ntawv chav tsev: ntawm no tus neeg siv yuav nyeem koj cov ntaub ntawv xwb nyob rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv.

Qhov tseem ceeb cov yam ntxwv yog cov nyeem ntawv chav thiab structural nyiaj txiag. Ib feem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm cov tseem ceeb, yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem sau, qhov twg cov qhua muaj lub sij hawm kom sai li sai saib xyuas lawv. Tag nrho lwm cov khoom muaj khaws cia rau hauv cia, thiab tus nyeem ntawv yuav tau txais lawv los ntawm lub catalog.

Dilapidated tsawg khoom, raws li zoo raws li cov phau ntawv, uas yuav tsum tau khaws cia ib tug lub xeev tsis pub leejtwg paub uas tseem ceeb, yog muab heev dua lwm yam rau ib tug tshwj xeeb kev txais neeg kawm.

Koj tseem yuav nrhiav tau mobile units ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv uas pab txhawb kev nkag tau ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm tej thaj chaw deb qhov chaw rau cov phau ntawv thiab hauv internet. Qhov no daim ntawv ntawm qhov kev pab uas siv los ntawm cov neeg uas muaj kev tsis taus, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg nyob rau cov tsev laus.

Niaj hnub no modernized cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab lawv cov collections tsis tsuas sau phau ntawv, tab sis kuj microfilms, slides, cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tshuab hluav taws xob hom. Twb tsis muaj ib tug tsev qiv ntawv muaj peev xwm tsis tau tsis muaj ib lub computer, ces nws yuav tsum nyob hauv kev thov tsis tsuas cov laus tiam, tab sis kuj niaj hnub schoolchildren thiab menyuam kawm ntawv.

Tam sim no uas koj paub tias dab tsi yog xav tau thiab hais tias lub tsev qiv ntawv ua tsis tau tsis tau lawv.