Tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Congress: cov kev cai cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm noob neej

Txij thaum ntawd los, raws li cov Internet tuaj mus rau hauv peb lub neej, thiab nws yog nrees Consolidated, tag nrho cov tsev qiv ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj dhau ib qho kev cuab outflow ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv. Tom qab tag nrho, yog vim li cas mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv, yog tias lub ntiaj teb dav Web muaj kev nkag tau mus yuav luag tej ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, qhov no assertion yuav tau sib tw, muab hais tias ib tug lossis loj ntau yam ntawv uas tej hauj lwm, kev treatises thiab ntau lwm yam ntaub ntawv tseem tsis tau digitized. Muaj ntau tsawg yam tseem ceeb tiag tiag tsis yooj yim sua mus nrhiav tau rau hauv Internet. Yuav ua li cas thiab kov rau hauv lub txheej thaud los yog saib los ntawm yellowed ntawv xov xwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo. Thiab hais tias yog cia li rau tej yam yooj yim nyeem ntawv! Yog li ntawd hais tias loj cov tsev qiv ntawv uas nws kim heev cov nyiaj yog tseem nrov. Rau kev kawm ntawv, sau ntawv, politicians thiab ntau lwm tus neeg, lawv yog tsuas irreplaceable. Ib tug xws li ib qho tseem ceeb repositories ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog lub tebchaws United States tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Congress.

Keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob

Nws twb nrhiav tau los ntawm US Thawj Tswj Hwm John Adams Plaub Hlis Ntuj 24, 1800, thaum nws tsiv lub capital ntawm lub tebchaws United States los ntawm Philadelphia rau Washington. Nws kuj tseem ceeb lub 5 txhiab daus las rau cov purchase ntawm phau ntawv rau cov kev xav tau ntawm Congress thiab cov creation ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb chav tsev rau cia rau. Library yog nyob rau hauv lub Capitol. Siv nws yuav tsuas yuav cov Thawj Tswj Hwm, Vice-President thiab cov mej zeej ntawm lub Senate thiab lub tebchaws United States Congress. Yog vim li cas nws tau txais nws lub npe, "lub Library ntawm Congress."

Kev mloog yog them rau nws thiab tom ntej no lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev - Thomas Jefferson, uas yog ib tug avid bibliophile. Nws muaj ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv yog kev koom Iwj nws cov nyiaj. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog ntawm ces thiab America nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1812-1814 Washington twb phem heev puas los ntawm hluav taws, lub Capitol twb hlawv mus rau hauv av. Dzheyms Medison, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm uas yog tus thawj tswj hwm, thiab regained lub tsev qiv ntawv muas los ntawm Jefferson txog rau thiab ib tug ib nrab txhiab phau ntawv los ntawm koj tus kheej archive. US cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Congress twb dim lwm tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv 1851, thaum nws poob ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm nws lub hauv paus. Nyob rau hauv 50-ies ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua nws twb qhib nkag tau mus rau nom tswv, cov mej zeej ntawm lub Supreme Court, pom zaum, sau ntawv, sau xov xwm. Ib qho tseem ceeb cai tau txais nyob rau hauv 1870 los ntawm lub ces lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv Ainsworth Rand Spofford hais tias ib tug daim ntawv ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov pej xeem ntawv luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, yuav tsum muab xa mus rau lub BC. Ib tug yooj yim kev faib system yog tsim los ntawm cov phau ntawv tom ntej no cov thawj coj, Herbert Putnam. Tej cov tsev qiv ntawv ntawm 81 txhiab phau ntawv thiab cov phau ntawv Magazine (feem ntau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm) Lavxias teb sab ua lag luam bibliophile Yudin, Gennady Vasilyevich nyob rau hauv 1907, twb muas thiab pauv mus rau lub fund. Ib qhov chaw uas muaj qhov loj tshaj plaws sau ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab sab nraum ntawm Russia - yog lub Library ntawm Congress. Lub teb chaws cov tsev qiv ntawv tau txais tus txheej xwm ntawm lub 30-ies ntawm lub xeem caug xyoo.

Cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tag nrho cov noob neej

Tus thawj BC nyiaj tsuas muaj 740 phau ntawv thiab peb maps. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm cov hluav taws kub, tau zus enormously nyiaj, thiab niaj hnub no cov US Congress tsev qiv ntawv yog qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Niaj hnub no, nws tuas ntau tshaj 150 lab ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Yog hais tias peb ntsuas qhov ntev ntawm lub txee, koj tau txais ntau tshaj li 1000 km. Lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Congress pib tshooj nyob rau hauv 470 hom lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb no. Muaj ntau tshaj peb caug lab phau ntawv, 60 lab thaud, ntau tshaj ib lab cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj yav dhau los tau 300 xyoo, txog li tsib lab maps, thiab ntau tshaj ib vam US tsoom fwv cov ntaub ntawv, cov tsev qiv ntawv sau muaj xws li lab ntawm cov duab, films thiab suab recordings. Txhua txhua xyoo, cov nyiaj yog Iwj tau 1-3 lab units.

Tuam tsev ntawm paub nyob hauv Numbers

Rau hnub tim, nkag tau mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Congress yog muaj nyob hauv txhua xav tus neeg nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 16 xyoo. Yeej muaj tseeb, tsis yog txhua txhua cov ntaub ntawv yog dawb do muaj nyob, ib feem ntawm cov tsis pub leejtwg paub. Nrog cov cuab tam yuav tsuas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev nyeem ntawv chav, ib tug tag nrho ntawm 20 cov rooj zaum rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv - 1460. Hais txog 3500 neeg ua hauj lwm ua hauj lwm muaj. Thaum lub caij, ua hauj lwm rau lub Digitisation ntawm tsev qiv ntawv fund yog tsis nquag khaws cia, tsis tau nws yog ua xwb los ntawm 10%. Raws li yam ua ntej cov ntaub ntawv, tag nrho ntim ntawm lub BC nyob rau hauv cov daim ntawv nyob ib ncig ntawm 20 terabytes.

tsos

Tam sim no lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Congress (yees duab txuas) yog nyob rau hauv peb cov vaj tse uas muaj nyob rau ntawm Capitol Hill, nruab nrab ntawm lawv lawv muaj kev cob cog underground nqe vaj lug kub thiab depositories. Tus hlob thiab lub tsev loj, muaj npe tom qab Thomas Jefferson, ua tau nyob rau hauv lub 1890s raws li ib tug kaj tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub architecture "Gilded muaj hnub nyoog." Nyob rau hauv 1939, rau lub tsev loj muaj ib lub tsev Dzhona Adamsa. Nws pom qhov txawv feature - tus bronze qhov rooj nrog cov dluab nyob rau hauv lawv gods ntawm ntau yam lub ntiaj teb no mythologies. Qhov thib peb lub tsev qhib qhov rooj rau cov pej xeem nyob rau hauv lub 70-ies ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem thiab yog ib tug memorial ntawm lwm US tus thawj tswj hwm - James Madison. Nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm BC yog lub ua yeeb yam Mary Pickford, uas tsis tu ncua qhia tau hais tias free films thiab TV cov duab los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv tus collections. Packard Campus - qhov thiaj li hu ua chaw cia ntawm nrig txog kev pom thiab suab ntaub ntawv, qhib nyob rau hauv 2007 thiab yog cov tshiab lub tsev, nws yog nyob rau hauv Culpeper, Virginia. Lub tsev yog reconstructed los ntawm lub qub bunker, thiab nws lub npe los ntawm lub npe ntawm David Woodley Packard, lub taub hau ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Humanities, uas tsim lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb ntawm lub complex yog ib tug xinesmas, ua nyob rau hauv lub Art Deco style.

Copyright chaw ua hauj lwm

Lub tsev qiv ntawv ntawm Congress yog cim rau qhov hais tias rau 130 xyoo, thiaj li tawm tau sau npe ntawm copyright. Nws yog ib lub xwb lub teb chaws tsev qiv ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj nplooj siab mus rau lub tso nyiaj ntawm uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb, vim hais tias nws coj tau cov nyiaj khwv tau thiab txhawb kom tus replenishment ntawm cov nyiaj nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm cov feem ntau nthuav tshiab npe. Copyright chaw ua hauj lwm npe tsis tsuas tej hauj lwm ntawm American sau phau ntawv, cov kev pab no yuav pab tau cov pej xeem ntawm lwm lub teb chaws. Sau npe kiag li txhua yam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, xws li phau ntawv sau, cov suab paj nruas, theatrical tej hauj lwm, kos duab, maps, promotional cov ntaub ntawv, kev sau computer programs thiab kev ua si, thiab ntau npaum li cas. Siv cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub Bureau yuav tsum nyob rau hauv Internet, sau ib daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv hluav taws xob daim ntawv thiab ua yuav tsum tau npaum li cas nyob rau hauv lub account.