Yuav ua li cas yog Bursztyn? Txiav txim lub keeb kwm thiab cov khoom

"Yuav ua li cas Bursztyn?" - ib tug heev lo lus nug, thiab cov neeg, mus hais nws, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub txawm nyob rau qib subconscious, lawv paub cov lus teb, yam tsawg kawg lo lus hais tias nkawd paub mus rau lawv. Thiab qhov no yog vim li, vim hais tias ob peb cov neeg tsis tau hnov ntawm amber, raws li yuav tsum tau tham yog hais txog nws.

Amber Lub npe: qhov twg puas tau nws los qhovtwg los?

Tam sim no, thaum nws los ua tseeb, dab tsi yog qhov feem ntau Burshtyn, translation yog tsis yuav tsum tau, peb yuav tsum tau tsuas nco ntsoov hais tias lo lus yog coj los ntawm cov Ukrainian thiab Belarusian lus. Tiam sis qhov ntau ntau lub npe rau tag nrho cov "amber" tuaj mus rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntawm Lithuania, nws suab zoo li gintäras thiab tuaj mus rau hauv kev siv kuj ntev los no. Tab sis ntawm chav kawm, tsis Lithuanians sab thiab muaj npe no zoo nkauj pob zeb, nws twb paub ntau cov neeg txij ancient sij hawm, thiab lub Honor ntawm nws lub npe yog ntaus nqi mus rau cov koom pheej. Thaum zoo li no tshwm sim, tsis paub txog tej yam, tab sis nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Arabic lub npe anbar txog nws kawm Loos hais txog nws raws li lub ambre, thiab ib tug me ntsis rau yav tom ntej, hloov mus rau hauv amber, lo lus yog muaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam European lus.

Amber keeb kwm: los ntawm legends rau cov pov thawj scientific

Yog li ntawd, kom koj to taub dab tsi tshwm sim thiab nyob qhov twg Burshtyn nws lub npe, yog los tham txog qhov twg los, tab sis nws yog txawm ntau nthuav. Cov Arabs, uas tau muab nws lub npe, tiag ntseeg tias amber - nws yog tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li lub tawv nyob rau hauv lub hnub lwg saum ntuj ceeb tsheej lub vaj, poob los ntawm lub ntuj nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg ncaj ncees txiv neej lub nqi zog.

Cov thawj uas pom tias amber cas txog cov cob ntawm coniferous ntoo, yog "qhia" rau tus txiv ntawm ancient Greece - Aristotle. Tom qab ntawd, lub tswv yim hais tias tus Burshtyn "pob zeb ntoo", twb khaws Theophrastus thiab Pliny.

Txawm li cas los, tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm hais tias, yog tsis pub muaj kev txaus cai ntawm no version tsis muaj leej twg ntawm lawv hais thiab tsis txawm sim ua li ntawd. Thiab tsis muaj zem, yog li ntawd, uas tau ntau tshaj 2000 xyoo thiab tag nrho cov no yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug version, thiab qhov tsaus ntuj nti minds ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog muab sawv mus rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov legends thiab khoo. Lub tswv yim qhia los ntawm Aristotle, tau txais cov pov thawj scientific twb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo., Nws muaj pov thawj rau hauv lub feem ntau educated neeg ntawm nws lub sij hawm, Karl Linney, Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov.

Tsos amber: yog dab tsi?

Koj ua tau, ntawm chav kawm, thiab tsis paub tias dab tsi lub Burshtyn, tab sis nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis paub tias nws zoo li, tag nrho cov tau puas tau pom nws, tau tuav, lawv sim rau. Tab sis ob peb yeej paub hais tias muaj ntau ntau ntau ntau yam ntawm amber uas yog ho txawv nyob rau hauv ceev, clarity, xim, thiab ntau lwm yam ntxwv. Feem ntau amber pob zeb muaj nyob rau hauv nws lub cev me me voids tsim los ntawm raug ntaus los ntawm huab cua, ua rau nws raws li nws tau ntxeem tau, thiab qhov ntau xws li, lub zuj zus rau qhov zoo, txawm hais tias tsis pom kev nws zoo zoo nkauj heev.

Muaj 5 lub ntsiab hom no zoo kawg nkaus pob zeb, tag nrho cov ntawm lawv los yog tsis nyiam txhua lwm yam, los yog zoo li ib tug heev nyob deb, tsis tau nws yog tseem tib zoo qub amber-Burshtyn:

1. Pob Txha - lub feem ntau resistant daim ntawv ntawm amber, nws yog kiag li opaque thiab zoo heev uas zoo sib xws rau kaus ntxhw, li no tau txais lub npe.

2. Bustard - lub thib ob-density kab noj hniav, kuj opaque thiab tsis muaj ntau tus nqi, tab sis nws yog zoo tagnrho rau polishing thiab yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kwv tij, tab sis rau tag nrho cov xaiv ntawm crafts.

3. Huab - yog ib tug zoo nkauj pob zeb, tab sis yog tsis yog tshwj xeeb zoo, muaj ib tug translucent qauv, feem ntau "vague" leeg thiab kaj, nyeem xim.

4. Foamy - qhov phem tshaj nyob rau hauv zoo ntawm tag nrho cov ntau ntau yam, kuj zoo ua tsaug rau cov tshaj disseminations ntawm huab cua, ua rau nws zoo ib yam li pumice.

5. Pob tshab - lub feem ntau nqi ntawm cov saum toj no deprived qhov tsawg tshaj plaws muaj kab noj hniav, ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm amber, hais txog precious pob zeb ntawm ntau dua chav kawm ntawv. Feem ntau nyob rau hauv nws lub cev yog prehistoric kab xws luam muaj nqis saum toj no tag nrho.

Amber Daim ntawv: zog thiab cov khoom

txawm li ntawd nws yog tam sim no tseem ceeb hais tias qhov no Burshtyn thiab dab tsi nws nruab nrab yog, ntau cov tseem ceeb - nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov niaj hnub ntiaj teb no, thiab nws yog cia li amazing li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab ntau yam. Amber thoob ntiaj teb siv tau los ua zoo nkauj heev, tab sis, hmoov tsis, yog tsis check heev khoom siv tes ua, ib qho teeb meem uas hu nrog cov huab cua tshwm sim inevitable oxidation txheej txheem. Qhov no hais mas dog dig coj txawv txawv muaj feem xyuam rau lub pob zeb, tab sis tsis txhob hnov qab tias nws yog tseem tsis yog ib tug siv lead ua, tsis zoo li lwm yam precious thiab semi-precious pob zeb. Pob tshab amber ua zoo nkauj hniav nyiaj hniav kub, muaj nuj nqis los ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li cov khoom ntawm rubies thiab sapphires. Lower-zoo amber khoom siv rau qhov siv thiab ua haberdashery luxurious thiab cov neeg tseem ceeb hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Nyob rau hauv tsawg proportions, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv electronics manufacturing, nws tau ntev ua ib feem ntawm cov kws tshuaj thiab perfumes, tab sis yog dab tsi yog feem ntau interesting, txawm cov zaub mov kev lag luam!

Deposits ntawm amber: lub tu siab txim ntawm tag nrho cov ntau lawm

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, xws qhov chaw nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw muaj ntau heev ob peb, thiab nws cov reserves yog depleted txhua txhua xyoo, thiab tus nqi rau hnub Pob zeb yog tas li loj hlob. Raws li kws txawj xwb nyob rau hauv lub xeem 70 xyoo ntawm nws lub ceaseless extraction ntawm amber deposits tau poob los ntawm hais txog 11%, thiab nws yog ib qho teeb poob rau yav tom ntej tiam. Thiab nws tsis muaj nqi, raws li nws yog hu ua - amber, Bernstein, Burshtyn, translation lawm tsis muaj kev txiav txim zoo - nws reserves yog depleted. Peb yuav paub qhov txawv tsuas yog ib tug ob peb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, 80% ntawm cov sau no kev ua lag luam yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus pob zeb:

1. Zog ntawm Guj kuj - Kaliningrad, lub Far East cheeb tsam ..

2. Ukraine - Rivne thiab Volyn cheeb tsam.

3. Greenland - Island Chora.

4. Alaska - Barrow chaw nres nkoj.

Me deposits ntawm amber yog muaj nyob rau ntawm cov kob ntawm Sicily, nyob rau hauv Burma thiab nyob rau hauv Mexico.