Crimean Tatar lus: nta thiab lub ntsiab yam ntxwv

Yuav ua li cas yog lub Crimean Tatar hom lus? Yuav ua li cas yog cov grammatical nta nws muaj? Seb nws yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub Tatar hom lus? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no thiab peb tos rau.

Crimean Tatars

Crimean Tatar neeg yog feem ntau equated nrog lub Tatars nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov no misconception los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab teb chaws Ottoman, thaum tag nrho cov nomadic Turkic neeg hu ua "Tatars". Nws kuj muaj xws li Kumyks, Azerbaijanis, thiab hais txog. D.

Tatars nyob rau hauv Crimea yog hauv paus txawm. Lawv xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yog cov ntau yam ancient pab pawg neeg inhabiting lub sab qaum teb Dub hiav txwv cheeb tsam. Ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm ua si nyob rau hauv lub ethnogenesis ntawm Turkic haiv neeg, Cumans, Khazars, Pechenegs, Karaites, Huns thiab Krymchaks.

Lub keeb kwm tsim ntawm lub Crimean Tatars raws li ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib haiv neeg tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ceg av qab teb nyob rau hauv lub XIII-XVII centuries. Ntawm nws cov neeg sawv cev yog feem ntau siv rau lawv tus kheej "Crimeans." Anthropological hom lawv yuav mus rau ib tug Caucasian. Qhov kos yog subethnos ceg muaj nta xws li Caucasian thiab Mongoloid haiv neeg.

Crimean Tatar lus

Crimea yog hais los ntawm kwv yees li 490 txhiab tus neeg. Nws yog kis rau lub teb chaws ntawm Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Qaib ntxhw thiab yog ib tug ntawm lub dav hais lus nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Crimea.

Tus sau yog feem ntau yog siv Latin, txawm hais tias nws yog ua tau thiab Cyrillic sau ntawv. Feem ntau ntawm cov hais lus nyob rau hauv lub Crimea (txog 300 txhiab tus neeg). Nyob rau hauv Bulgaria thiab Romania, tus naj npawb ntawm Crimean Tatars yog hais txog 30 txhiab.

Tatar lus yog nws "txheeb ze", tab sis tsis dhau ze. Ob hom lus yog Turkic thiab muaj nyob rau hauv lub Kipchak pab pawg. Ces lawv cov ceg diverge. Mus rau hauv Tatar tau pab los ntawm lub Finno-Ugric, Lavxias teb sab, Arabic. Nyob rau Crimean Tatar twb pawg los ntawm Italians, lub Greeks, cov Cumans thiab Kipchaks.

dialects

Crimean Tatar neeg yog muab faib mus rau hauv peb lub ntsiab subethnos txhua hais lus lawv tus kheej lub suab hais lus. Nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm lub ceg av qab teb tsim steppe lub suab hais lus teej tug mus rau lub Nogai-Kypchak lus.

South, los yog yalyboysky, ib tug lub suab hais lus nyob ze rau qhov Turkish lus. Ib tug tseem ceeb cawv rau nws muaj Italians thiab Greeks uas nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb shores ntawm lub ceg av qab teb. Nyob rau hauv lub lub suab hais lus muaj ntau ntau cov nyiaj txais lo lus los ntawm lawv hom lus.

Feem ntau yog rau hauv nruab nrab lub suab hais lus. Nws yog intermediate ntawm lwm ob. Nws yog hais txog mus rau lub Polovtsian-Kipchak pab pawg neeg ntawm Turkic lus thiab muaj ntau yam Oguz. Txhua lub suab hais lus muaj xws li ob peb dialects.

Classification thiab nta

Crimean Tatar lus belongs rau lub Turkic lus, uas nyob rau hauv lem belongs rau lub Altai pab pawg neeg ua ke nrog rau cov Mongolian, Korean thiab Tungus-Manchurian lus. Txawm li cas los, qhov no kev tshawb xav muaj tw uas tsis kam lees lub hav zoov ntawm cov Altaic nyob rau hauv tus.

Nyob rau hauv lub cais muaj lwm yam teeb meem ntawm lus. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws belongs rau lub Kypchak-Polovtsian pab pawg ntawm cov lus. Qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb, vim hais tias yog hais tias tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account nws kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Oghuz lus, uas yog pom nyob rau hauv nruab nrab lub suab hais lus.

Xav tag nrho cov nta ntawm lub Crimean dialectical lus, nws yog dej num raws li nram no:

Keeb kwm thiab ntaub ntawv

Lub suab hais lus originated nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Crimean av nyob ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm haiv neeg tej pawg neeg uas tau pab cov tsim ntawm hom lus tau. Uas yog vim li cas lub Crimean Tatar lus txawv considerably nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub ceg av qab teb.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub Crimean Khanate, cov pejxeem twb yuam kom hais lus Ottoman. Nyob rau hauv lub hnub ntawm kab lis kev cai ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws yog nyob rau hauv poob Crimeans. Nws rov qab pib nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo. Ces, ua tsaug rau Ismail Gasprinsky nyob txawj Crimean Tatar lus. Thaum nws puag pw rau yav qab teb lub suab hais lus.

Kom txog rau thaum 1927 ib tsab ntawv twb tau soj xyuas nyob rau hauv Arabic cim. Cov nram qab no xyoo, raws li lub hauv paus rau cov zajlus lus xaiv nruab nrab lub suab hais lus, thiab kev sau ntawv twb txhais ua lub Latin niam ntawv. Nws twb hu ua "Yanalif" los yog "ib Turkic cov tsiaj ntawv".

Nyob rau hauv 1939 nws sim ua kom Cyrillic, tab sis Latin ntawv pib rov qab rau hauv lub 90s. Nws yog sib txawv dog dig los ntawm Yanalif: non standard Latin ntawv hloov cim nrog diacritical qhab nia, uas ntxiv rau qhov sib thooj nrog lub Turkish lus.

Vocabulary thiab yooj yim yam ntxwv

Crimean Tatar yog ib qho agglutinative lus. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus thiab cov nqe lus yog tsis tau hloov vim Terminations, thiab los ntawm txoj kev "sib nplaum" ntawm lus rau cov lus thiab cov affix. Lawv muaj peev xwm nqa cov ntaub ntawv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub lexical ntsiab lus ntawm cov lo lus, tab sis kuj ntawm lub kev sib raug zoo ntawm lus thiab hais txog. D.

Language muaj kaum ib qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus, rau tus neeg mob, plaub hom qhia txog kev ua conjugation, peb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lus tenses (tam sim no, yav tas los thiab yav tom ntej). Nws lacks hom lus hais thiab npe. Piv txwv li, lub Lavxias teb sab nws hais tias, nws, nws sau raws nkaus Ii tsuas yog ib daim ntawv - "o".

Tam sim no hauv phau ntawv, phau ntawv txhais lus thiab tus neeg txhais lus rau lub Crimean Tatar lus nyob rau hauv Internet yog heev yooj yim mus nrhiav. Yog li ntawd acquaintance nrog nws yuav tsis yooj yim. Hauv qab no yog ib co piv txwv ntawm cov txheej txheem lus thiab cov nqe lus ntawm cov lus: