Yuav ua li cas koj hu mus rau lub Turkish tub rog?

Lub Turkish tub rog rau ntau centuries tseem ib qho ntawm feem haib rog nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm teb chaws Europe thiab lub Middle East. Xya puas xyoo, Turkish tub rog tau kov yeej tshiab ib cheeb tsam thiab tsim kom muaj chaw tiv thaiv raws tus ciam teb ntawm lawv lub xeev. Turkish Armed Forces twb tsim dua 700 xyoo dhau los, thiab thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, lub Ottoman tub rog tau undergone tseem ceeb cov kev hloov. Yog li ntawd, cov nqe lus nug "dab tsi yog ib lub npe Turkish tub rog" muaj peev xwm tsis xam tau tias tsis muaj ib tug nyuag txheej txheem cej luam ntawm lub Turkish tub rog raws li ib tug tag nrho.

pre-lub xeev lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv lub zoo Ottoman Empire yog ib tug txwv zeej txwv koob - Seljuk Sultanate. Qhov no tsim muaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 13th, muaj ib tug txheeb ze autonomy thiab ib tug es muaj zog tub rog. Turkish tub rog thaum lub sij hawm - ib tug qub qhev ghouls, dim los ntawm Byzantium, los yog ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub ntes Scythian thiab Sarmatian uas inhabited lub sab qaum teb Dub hiav txwv tub tiv thaiv.

Tsis pub dhau ib tug ib puas xyoo Seljuk Khanate ob peb lub sij hawm dhau nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm lub Mongols. Thaum kawg, thaum Mehmed 1 zaug xwb pab tub rog twb tsim, uas tau los ua tus tsab ntawm tus Turkish Armed Rog.

Tus qauv ntawm lub Turkish tub rog

Lub Turkish tub rog tau raug tsa raws li thaum ntxov raws li thawj ib nrab ntawm lub 14th caug xyoo. Nws yog ces hais tias muaj ib lo lus "asker", uas txhais tau tias - ib tug tub rog, ib tug fighter, ib tug Turkish tub rog. Lub npe ntxiv dag zog rau tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv domestic kev - yog li ua lub npe hu fighters ntawm lub Turkish tub rog thiab nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws.

Cov tub rog muaj ob peb pawg loj ntawm pab tub rog uas nqa tawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm kev khiav dej num:

• Infantry (ADCI los yog nn). Nws twb tsim los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm cov neeg nyog rau lub peasants. Nyob rau hauv peacetime lawv twb koom nyob rau hauv lub direct hauj lwm, thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog mobilized cov peasants, thiab lawv tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv cov tub rog, thaum uas tau txais ib cov nyiaj hli.
• Cavalry (Mussele) tau recruited los ntawm lub impoverished gentry, muaj nyiaj teb nyob rau hauv nws cov ibyam yuav koom tag nrho cov neeg uas yuav tau ib tug nees.
• Cavalry (Akinci) - lub teeb cavalry Turk hom tau xaiv rau tus cavalry nce los yog reconnaissance hauj lwm.
• Janissaries. Recruited los ntawm qhev, converts mus Islam, tau coj li los ntawm lub xeev. Tom qab ntawd Janissaries ua si ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub internal lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws.

Tsis tas li ntawd haumxeeb division qauv rog muab faib mus rau hauv ib co loj pawg raws li tus txheej txheem ntawm mobilization. Muaj lub ntsiab pab tub rog actuated nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tub rog ua hauj lwm, koom haum pab division, ua ib tug tsawg ntau yam kev pab raws qib; cavalry, tsim ntawm mobilized cov pej xeem ntawm lub Turkish sultan, thiab cov cavalry, muaj raws ntawm cov neeg uas them tribute.

Kapıkule

Sib ntaus sib tua lub caj qaum ntawm lub Ottoman pab tub rog. Turkish cov tub rog "Kapıkule" yuav pab nyob rau hauv lub infantry, cavalry los yog cavalry. Muaj ntau cov tub rog tau recruited los ntawm qhov yooj yim qauv ntawm Christian cov me nyuam, txais Islam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus tsoos hom medieval troops - infantry, cavalry thiab artillery, nyob rau hauv Cebeci Kapıkule muaj - blacksmiths thiab gunsmiths, kho thiab tsim tub rog cov khoom; Sakka, lub ntsiab hauj lwm yog kom coj mus lub qhov dej nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm ntug sib ntaus sib tua; Sipahi los yog ulufeli - lub troops uas nqa tawm kev tswj kev khiav dej num.

Seratkuly

Army, muaj lub xeev txoj kev pab thiab xa mus rau lawv tib yam. seratkuly troops sib sau xwb thaum lub sij hawm direct tub rog ua hauj lwm. Raug Turkish tub rog seratkuly yuav yog:

• Azeb - militia ntawm free peasants, raws li ib tug txoj cai, zoo-kev kawm thiab tau siv si;
• Seimeny - tsis zoo kawm tiav los thiab tsis zoo armed peasants, uas tau mobilized tsuas tawm ntawm huab yuav tsum;
• isarely - tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub engineering pab tub rog, pab artillery;
• dzhyundzhyuly - ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm tus ciam teb pab tub rog, patrolling lub ciam teb;
• Dela - ib tug volunteer uas tau txais mus rau hauv cov tub rog thaum lub sij hawm ntawm active hostilities.

Toprakly

Ib tug tub rog ntawm lub Turkish tub rog toprakly - feem ntau yog nws muaj ib tug khub ntawm lawv tus kheej av, uas tau qhia rau nws raws li ib tug nqi zog rau cov tub rog kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, xws li ib tug piece ntawm av hu ua flax. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tshaj tawm hais tias tsov rog toprakly koj tus kheej yuav ib tug nees, riam phom, khoom siv thiab mus pw hav zoov nrog lawv tus kheej tub rog cov tub qhe.

Raws li koj tau pom, ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm Turkish troops thiab units tau coj mus rau lub tseem ntau txoj kev los hu cov tub rog ntawm lub Turkish tub rog.