Week - dab tsi yog qhov no? Lom week: cov qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi

Xwm tau tsim muaj ntau yam kab mob thiab hlwb, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kev phem ntawm no, feem ntau ntawm cov qauv thiab cov kev khiav dej num ntawm lom week yog tib yam, uas tso cai rau yuav tau xav txog lawv cov qauv thiab kawm lawv cov tseem ceeb cov khoom tsis muaj txuas mus rau ib tug kev hom cell.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug membrane?

Week - ib tug tiv thaiv lub caij, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev tivthaiv ntawm lub hlwb ntawm txhua tus kab mob.

Ntxwv thiab haumxeeb chav tsev ntawm tag nrho cov uas muaj sia nyob rau lub ntiaj chaw yog ib tug ntawm tes. Tseem ceeb heev functions nws yog inseparably kev cob cog rua nrog cov ib puag ncig, uas nws sib pauv zog thiab cov lus qhia, cov ntaub ntawv uas. Yog li, lub zaub mov zog yuav tsum tau rau cov hauj lwm ntawm lub hlwb, los ntawm sab nraum thiab yog siv rau cov kev siv ntawm nws cov ntau zog.

Tus qauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov nyuaj chav tsev ntawm ib tug nyob kab mob: lub membrane cell nucleus, organelles, ib tug ntau yam ntawm inclusions. Nws yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug nyias nyias, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub nucleus thiab tag nrho cov organelles. Nws mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum. Txhua lub caij nws muaj nws tus kheej cov yam ntxwv membrane.

Lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cell kev ua si

Lom membrane plays ib tug luag hauj lwm culminating nyob rau hauv cov qauv thiab cov kev ua ntawm elementary nyob system. Thaum lub cell surrounded los ntawm ib tug tiv thaiv sheath, nws yuav rightfully yuav hu ua lub cev. Xws li ib tug txheej txheem raws li metabolism, yog tseem nqa tawm ua tsaug rau cov daim nyias nyias. Yog hais tias lub yam ntxwv ntseeg ntawm nws lawm, qhov no ua rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv tej lub xeev ntawm tus kab mob raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Lub cell daim nyias nyias thiab nws cov kev khiav dej num

Nws separates lub cytoplasm ntawm lub cell los ntawm cov sab nraud puag ncig los yog los ntawm lub plhaub. cell daim nyias nyias kom zoo tua ntawm ib qho kev khiav dej num, cov tseem ntawm cell-cell hu thiab tiv thaiv kab mob ces txhawb transmembrane hluav taws xob tej zaum txawv. Nws muaj receptors muaj peev xwm ntawm perceiving tshuaj Pib ntsais koj teeb - cov tshuaj hormones, neurotransmitters thiab lwm yam biologically active Cheebtsam. Cov receptors txais vaj txiaj ntsim nws nrog lwm tus muaj peev xwm - hloov tus metabolic kev ua si ntawm lub cell.

membrane muaj nuj nqi:

1. Lub active thauj ntawm tshuaj.

2. passive hloov lwm lub tsev ntawm tshuaj:

2.1. Diffusion yooj yim.

2.2. Hloov los ntawm lub pores.

2.3. Thauj nqa tawm los ntawm diffusion ntawm cov cab kuj ua ke nrog daim nyias nyias cov ntaub ntawv uas los los ntawm txoj kev kis tau tus mob rau hauv lub relay neeg sawv cev molecular saw hloov lwm lub tsev neeg sawv cev.

3. Lub hloov lwm lub uas tsis yog-electrolytes los ntawm tej yam yooj yim thiab thawm diffusion.

4. Active thauj ntawm ions.

Tus qauv ntawm lub cell daim nyias nyias

Cheebtsam ntawm lub cell daim nyias nyias - lipids thiab proteins.

Lipids: phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylinositol thiab phosphatidylserine, glycolipids. Cov kev faib ua feem ntawm lipid yog 40-90%.

Cov nqaijrog: peripheral, kev (glycoproteins), spectrin, actin cytoskeleton.

Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv caij - ob chav txheej ntawm phospholipid molecules.

Vov tsev membrane: txhais thiab typology

Ib txhia statistics. Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation raws li ib tug nyias nyias vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv tsis yog li ntawd ntev dhau los. Kev ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm daim nyias nyias vov tsev ntawm tag nrho cov mos mos ru tsev slab tsuas yog 1.5%. Ntau ntau nyob rau hauv Russia thiab tau txais ib tug bituminous vov tsev mastic. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Western teb chaws Europe, qhia tawm rau ntawm daim nyias nyias ru tsev nyiaj rau 87%. Qhov txawv yog palpable.

Feem ntau, cov daim nyias nyias raws li cov thawj cov ntaub ntawv uas nyob rau hauv lub qab nthab ntawm lub-ru tsev yog zoo tagnrho rau tiaj ru tsev. Rau muaj ib tug loj nqes hav yog suited rau ib tug tsawg raws li.

Qhuav thiab kev muag khoom ntawm daim nyias nyias ru tsev rau lub domestic kev ua lag luam muaj ib tug zoo kev loj hlob qauv. Yog vim li cas? Yog vim li cas yog ntau tshaj meej:

• Cov kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm txog 60 xyoo. Xav txog tej yam lub xwb kev siv ntawm lub warranty lub sij hawm, uas yog teem los ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus, mus txog rau 20 xyoo.
• Ib qho yooj yim installation. Kev sib piv, lub installation ntawm asphalt vov tsev yuav siv sij hawm 1.5 lub sij hawm ntev tshaj li lub installation ntawm daim nyias nyias sib tshooj.
• Tejzaum ntawm txij nkawm thiab kho kev ua hauj lwm.

Vov tsev membrane thickness tej zaum yuav 0.8-2 hli thiab ib tug nruab nrab ceeb thawj ntawm ib tug square meter yog 1.3 kg.

Properties vov tsev week:

• elasticity;
• lub dag lub zog;
• kuj mus UV rays thiab lwm yam xov xwm tus tsim txom;
• te;
• hluav taws kub kuj.

Lub membrane ru tsev yog ib yam uas peb hom. Lub ntsiab kev faib feature - daim ntawv polymer khoom constituting puag ntaub. Yog li ntawd, vov tsev week yog:

• EPDM. Week teej tug mus rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm EPDM, ua rau lub hauv paus ntawm polymerized ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer, los yog ntau tshaj tsuas, hluavtaws roj hmab. Zoo: siab zog, elasticity, dej kuj, tej friendliness, tsis tshua muaj nqi. Tsis zoo: nplaum technology compound webs los ntawm kev siv ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj siv, qhov uas tsis muaj zog ntawm lub tebchaw. Scope: yog siv raws li ib tug waterproofing cov khoom siv rau qhov cov plag tsev, cov dej, cia pov tseg, tej yam ntuj tso thiab dag dej reservoirs, etc ...
• PVC daim nyias nyias. Qhov no plhaub, zus tau tej cov uas raws li ib puag cov ntaub ntawv uas yog siv polyvinyl tshuaj dawb. Zoo: UV kuj, hluav taws kub kuj, uas nws kim heev xim ntau yam ntawm daim nyias nyias ntaub. Tsis zoo: tsawg theem ntawm kuj mus bituminous cov ntaub ntawv, roj, cov kuab tshuaj; emits teeb meem tshuaj; nplooj xim yuav ploj mus nrog lub sij hawm.
• TPO. Ua los ntawm thermoplastic olefin. Nws yuav siv tam thiab unreinforced. Tus thawj nruab nrog ib tug Mesh ntawm polyester los yog fiberglass ntaub. Zoo: environmentally phooj ywg, check, siab elasticity, Thaum tshav kub kub kuj (ntawm theem siab thiab tsis muaj peevxwm), webs welds nqaws. Tsis zoo: nqi siab qeb, cov tsis muaj manufacturers nyob rau hauv lub domestic kev ua lag luam.

Lub membrane yog Profiled: yam ntxwv, nta thiab cov kev pab

Zoo li tus membrane - yog ib tug innovation nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho kev ua lag luam. Xws li ib tug nyias nyias ua raws li ib tug waterproofing khoom.

Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw siv nyob rau hauv qhuav - polyethylene. Xeem yog ntawm ob hom: high-density polyethylene (LDPE) thiab kev kub ceev polyethylene (HDPE).

Kev yam ntxwv ntawm cov daim nyias nyias ntawm LDPE thiab HDPE

qhia	JHA	HDPE
Tensile zog (MPa)	13	23
Tensile elongation (%)	400	100
Ceev (kg / cu. M)	917-930	948-952
Compressive zog (MPa)	12	20-36
Impact zog (Notched) (kJ / sq. M)	-	2-50
Flexural modulus (MPa)	140-250	600-850
Hardness (MPa)	14-25	45-59
Kev khiav hauj lwm kub (? C)	-60 rau +80	-60 rau +80
Txhua hnub tus nqi ntawm cov dej haum (%)	0.01	0.01

Cov zoo li tus diaphragm ntawm lub high school siab polyethylene muaj ib tug meej nto - hollow ntxau. Lub qhov siab ntawm cov lug tej zaum yuav txawv ntawm 7 mus rau 20 mm. Lub puab nto ntawm daim nyias nyias yog tiaj tus. Qhov no enables teeb meem-dawb dabtsi yog khoov ntawm lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas.

Hloov tus duab ntawm tus neeg feem ntawm daim nyias nyias yog tau vim tias lub siab tshaj nws tag nrho cheeb tsam no yog tusyees faib vim lub xub ntiag ntawm lub tib lub projections. Geomembrane yuav siv tau raws li cua rho tawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog muab nrog ib tug dawb pauv ntawm tshav kub nyob rau hauv lub tsev.

Qhov zoo ntawm Profiled week:

• nce lub zog;
• thermal stability;
• tshuaj stability thiab lom los;
• lub neej ntev ntev (50 xyoo);
• Yooj yim rau nruab thiab tswj;
• nqi tsim nyog.

Zoo li tus week yog peb hom:

• nrog ib txheej ntawm daim ntaub;
• ob-ply web = + kua geotextile membrane;
• nrog ib tug peb-txheej web nplua nto = + + kua geotextile membrane.

Monolayer zoo li tus membrane yog siv los tiv thaiv cov thawj waterproof, los ua ke thiab disassembly ntawm npaj qhob phab ntsa nrog dej. Ib tug ob txheej tiv thaiv cov khoom siv thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub nyob ze-phab ntsa kua. Hom peb khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog muaj ntaub ntawv rau hauv av, uas yog amenable mus te heaving, cov av thiab nqhuab, nyob sib sib zog nqus.

Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv cov kua week

Profiled membrane pom nws daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov nram no:

1. Lub ntsiab hauv qab daus waterproofing. Nws muab txhim khu kev qha kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov raug ntaus ntawm av, cog cov hauv paus hniav tshuab, subsidence, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg kho tshuab hom.
2. Phab ntsa kua foundation. Neutralizes tej yam ntawm av, nag lossis daus los ntawm ferrying lawv mus rau lub kua system.
3. Kab rov tav kua reservoir hom - kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv deformation vim yam ntxwv nta.
4. Analog npaj qhob. Ua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tsev hauj lwm nyob rau erection ntawm vaj tse nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm tsawg nqhuab, nyob rau hauv cov mob uas ib tug kab rov tav waterproofing tiv thaiv capillary dej. Tsis tas li ntawd Profiled membrane muaj nuj nqi muaj xws li nontransmission MAAs grout mus rau hauv lub hauv av.
5. Cua phab ntsa chaw ntawm cov pwm. Nws yuav ntsia ob leeg rau hauv thiab nyob rau sab nraum lub thaj chaw. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov ntaub ntawv, huab cua ncig yog tshuab txais, thaum lub sij hawm thib ob muab optimum av noo thiab kub.
6. Siv inversion vov tsev.

Superdiffuzionnaya membrane

Superdiffuzionnaya membrane khoom yog ib tug tshiab tiam, uas nws lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj - kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ntsiab ntawm lub ru tsev qauv ntawm cov cua tshwm sim, los nag, chav.

Siv thiab ua cov kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv uas yog raws li nyob rau kev siv uas tsis yog-woven cov ntaub ntawv, tuab zoo fibers. Nyob rau hauv lub domestic kev ua lag luam nrov peb txheej thiab plaub-txheej membrane. Xyuas cov tub txawg thiab tau txais kev pab kom paub tseeb tias qhov ntau khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog lub hauv paus ntawm tus tsim, qhov ntau dua nws tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqi, thiab yog li lub siab lub zog efficiency ntawm cov chaw zov raws li ib tug tag nrho.

Nyob ntawm seb lub hom ru tsev, nws tsim nta, kev nyab xeeb, manufacturers kom muab nyiam rau ib tug los yog lwm daim ntawv ntawm diffusion week. Yog li, lawv muaj nyob rau pitched ru tsev ntawm complex thiab yooj yim Siv rau pitched ru tsev ntaus nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus sib txawv, mus rau ib tug rebated cover ru tsev thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

Superdiffuzionnaya membrane nteg ncaj qha rau ntawm insulating txheej ntawm flooring boards. Yuav tsum tau cua kis muaj. Khoom txuas bracket los yog steel rau tes. Cov npoo ntawm cov diffusion nplooj ntawv yog koom mounting daim kab xev. Installation ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau nqa tawm txawm nyob rau hauv huab tej yam kev mob: nyob rau hauv lub frosty thaum sawv ntxov, muaj zog gusts ntawm cua, thiab lwm yam ...

Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev kawm txheej yuav siv tau raws li ib tug ib ntus ru tsev npog.

PVC daim nyias nyias: qhov xwm thiab lub hom phiaj

TFC week - ib cov khoom rau lub ru tsev, ua los ntawm polyvinyl tshuaj dawb thiab muaj elastic cov khoom. Qhov no niaj hnub vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv uas kiag hloov asphalt rau cov menyuam analogs muaj ib tug tseem ceeb drawback - qhov yuav tsum tau rau li niaj zaus txij nkawm thiab kho. Rau hnub tim, lub yam ntxwv ntawm PVC week cia lawv siv thaum lub sij hawm kho kev ua hauj lwm rau cov laus ru tsev ntawm lub tiaj hom. Lawv siv thiab cov installation ntawm tshiab ru tsev.

Lub-ru tsev ntawm tej khoom yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua hauj lwm, thiab nws cov installation yog tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov chaw, nyob rau hauv txhua lub caij nyoog thiab nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov huab cua puag. PVC daim nyias nyias muaj cov nram qab zog:

• lub dag lub zog;
• stability thaum raug UV rays, ntau hom ntawm nag, thiab nto point chaw thau khoom.

Nws yog ua tsaug rau cov khoom nws PVC membrane yuav pab tau koj rau siab ntso ua rau ntau xyoo. Term siv xws li ib tug ru tsev yog sib npaug zos rau lub neej ntawm lub tsev, thaum lub sij hawm yob vov tsev cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau kev txij nkawm thiab, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub ntawm tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub dismantling thiab installation ntawm tshiab plag tsev.

Ib tug membrane ntawm cov PVC webs yog kev cob cog rua ntawm Vuam kub sigh, qhov kub thiab txias yog nyob rau hauv lub chav 400-600 degrees Celsius. Qhov no kev twb kev txuas yog kiag li airtight.

Qhov zoo ntawm PVC week

Lub meej mom ntawm lawv cuab kev:

• saj zawg zog vov tsev system uas zoo tshaj plaws sau raws nkaus Ii qhov kev siv project;
• check, leakproof zog muaj ib tug txuas leeg ntawm daim nyias nyias ntaub;
• Zoo meej tsiv kev nyab xeeb kev hloov, cov huab cua puag, kub, av noo;
• nce dej vapor permeability uas tswj lub evaporation ntawm noo noo tsim nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev chaw;
• ntau variants ntawm cov xim;
• hluav taws resistant zog;
• lub peev xwm kom muaj ib tug ntev lub sij hawm ntawm thawj zaug zog thiab cov tsos;
• PVC daim nyias nyias - kiag li txawm cov ntaub ntawv uas, uas yog paub tseeb hais tias los ntawm cov coj daim ntawv pov;
• installation txheej txheem yog mechanized, yog li tsis txhob muab ib tug ntau ntawm lub sij hawm;
• Kev khiav hauj lwm cov kev cai tso cai rau cov installation ntawm ntau yam architectural ntxiv ncaj qha rau sab saum toj ntawm daim nyias nyias PVC ru tsev;
• ib leeg-txheej stacking txuag koj cov nyiaj;
• tsis ntawm txij nkawm thiab kho.

membrane cov ntaub so ntswg

Textile membrane ntaub tau ntev tau paub. Ntawm ib tug cov ntaub ntawv uas ua nkawm khau thiab hnav khaub ncaws: cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam. Lub membrane - daim nyias nyias cov nyiaj them yug ntaub muab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nyias zaj duab xis thiab polymeric muaj yam ntxwv xws li dej kuj thiab pa permeability. Zus tau tej cov no cov ntaub ntawv uas cov zaj duab xis yog coated nrog cov txheej thiab puab tiv thaiv khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Lawv cov qauv txiav txim cov daim nyias nyias tus kheej. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav khaws cia tag nrho cov kev pab zog txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, daim nyias nyias yog waterproof khaub ncaws thaum raug nag lossis daus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm nag los yog daus, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txig kis vapor los ntawm lub cev mus rau cov sab nraud ib puag ncig. Qhov no bandwidth tso cai ntawm daim tawv nqaij ua pa.

Xav tag nrho cov saum toj no, peb yuav xaus uas cov ntaub yog ua los ntawm ib tug uas zoo sib xws zoo tagnrho lub caij ntuj no cov khaub ncaws. Ib tug membrane, nyob rau hauv lub puag ntaub, tej zaum yuav muaj:

• nrog pores;
• tsis muaj pores;
• ua ke.

Raws li ib feem ntawm daim nyias nyias muaj ib tug plurality ntawm micropores, tus xov tooj ntawm Teflon. Lub qhov ntev ntawm cov pores tsis tau qhov ntev ntawm txawm tias ib tug dej, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm cov dej lwg me me, cim tias seb thaum uas cov dej kuj thiab muaj peev xwm tshem tawm hws.

Lub week uas tau, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog ua los ntawm polyurethane. Lawv puab txheej concentrates qhov kev sib cais potozhirovye tag nrho cov tib neeg lub cev thiab pushes lawv outwards.

Tus qauv ntawm daim nyias nyias ua ke assumes lub xub ntiag ntawm ob khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg: ib tug ntxeem tau thiab du. Tej ntaub muaj siab zoo yam ntxwv thiab yuav kav rau ntau xyoo.

Vim cov zoo ntawm cov khaub ncaws thiab nkawm khau ua los ntawm daim nyias nyias fabrics thiab tsim los hnav nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo, ib tug muaj zog, tab sis hnav, zoo heev tiv thaiv tawm tsam te, noo noo, thiab hmoov av. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm hom ntawm active lub caij ntuj no kev ua si, mountaineering.