Kev npaj ntawm aldehydes thiab lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv

Aldehydes thiab ketones yog nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg ntawm carbonyl tebchaw, thiab sawv cev rau ib tug hydrocarbon molecule. Cias muab, aldehydes - ib tug compound ntawm cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms, thiab ketones - carbonyl compound nrog carbon residues aldehydes. Feem ntau, ib tug ua ke ntawm ib tug carbonyl pab pawg neeg thiab hydrogen hu ua aldehyde pab pawg neeg, thiab lawv tus kheej aldehydes thiab ketones - oxidizing compound.

Tshwj formaldehyde, uas muaj ib tug gaseous daim ntawv no, thiab tag nrho cov lwm yam aldehydes thiab ketones yog mobile kua muaj ib tug kub point uas yog tsawg tshaj qhov kub ntawm cov pa roj carbon nrog tib tus naj npawb ntawm atoms. Hydrogen, uas yog ib feem ntawm lub aldehydes, tso lawv los kiag yaj nyob rau hauv dej.

Kev npaj ntawm aldehydes tshwm sim los ntawm ntau txoj kev txawv nyob rau hauv complexity thiab ib yam khoom uas uas muaj tshwm sim nrog lub hydrocarbon oxidation. Qhov yooj yim zoo ntawm aldehyde hu ua formaldehyde, tau thaum ib tug compound ntawm oxygen thiab methane nrog me me ntawm tooj liab-zinc khoom. Kev npaj ntawm aldehydes thiab ketones nyob compound txawv tshuaj thiab tus naj npawb ntawm atoms muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub oxidation.

Lub acids uas yog tau tom qab lub aldehyde tebchaw thiab lwm yam muaj tib lub carbon substrate. Lub npe ntawm cov aldehyde cov khoom uas feem ntau siv Lavxias teb sab tsis tseem ceeb cov npe uas phim lub npe ntawm tus zaum kawg acids, uas yog hloov dua siab tshiab aldehyde. Piv txwv li, ib co npe ntawm aldehydes: formic, acetic, propionic, butyric thiab isobutyric aldehydes. Thiab txhua ntawm lawv yog txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm atoms. Kev npaj ntawm aldehydes yog mas vim cov oxidation uas thawj alcohols. Nws yog ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov paub txoj kev rau qhov kev npaj ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw.

Acetaldehyde yog tau los ntawm cov ua ke ntawm dej cawv thiab poov tshuaj dichromate, thiab yog muaj, txoj kev ua no yuav luag ib txwm nyob rau hauv cov kev kuaj. Qhov thib ob los ntawm txoj kev uas retrieves lub aldehyde compound yog ib qho dej cawv, oxygen thiab ib tug hlau. Platinum feem ntau, vim qhov no hlau yog lub feem ntau active kev txiav txim. Koj kuj siv tau tooj liab hmoov, tab sis mus ua hauj lwm nrog nws nyuab dua. Rau nws yog tsim nyog los ua cua sov rau lub tooj liab compound rau siab kub.

Lub tshua nyob rau hauv uas cov pa koom, yuav tau rov qab yam tsawg lub sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv lub oxidation ntawm tooj liab nrog rau oxygen tau methyl haus dej cawv. Thiab qhov kev npaj ntawm benzoic aldehyde los ntawm halogen atoms, uas ua rau ib tug tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm hydroxyl.

Txhua tus neeg aldehyde nws muaj nws tshuaj zog, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, hnov mob nrog rau lwm cov tshuaj. Cov tshua yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb pab pawg, nrog cov pab pawg ntawm cov atoms. Tus thawj yog cov kev twb kev txuas rau cov nyiaj oxide. Thaum nyiaj oxide compound, thiab aldehyde, thiab cua sov rau cov sib tov mus rau ib tug xeem raj yuav pom nws yog xim hlau txheej. Yog hais tias lub aldehyde ntxiv tooj liab oxide thiab rhuab rau ib kub, ib tug xiav precipitate tooj liab hydroxide puv rau hauv daj. Hais tias yog, tus yam khoom uas yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau lub acid. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias yog hais tias tus daj sib tov twb rhuab, nyob rau hauv lub kawg nws puv liab.

Kev npaj ntawm aldehydes nrog uas muaj ntxhiab zog, thiab oxidation nyaij rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, thiab nws thiaj li ua rau yus tshwm sim ntawm lub perbenzoic acid.

Ntawm lwm yam, koj yuav tau them nyiaj mloog mus rau lub aldehyde tshuaj tiv thaiv, hu ua lub Cannizzaro cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum lub sij hawm no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, ib tug ntawm ob molecules ntawm lub aldehyde yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau lub acid, thiab lub thib ob - rov qab mus rau lub haus dej cawv. Tag nrho cov saum toj no txoj kev rau qhov kev npaj ntawm aldehydes dog dig ruam tag, thiab tej zaum to taub tsis tau mus rau lub ruam neeg, txawm li cas los, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias yuav luag tag nrho cov aldehydes yog heev tshuaj lom thiab yuav noog nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev.