Wb tham txog yuav ua li cas nrhiav tau cov protons, neutrons thiab electrons

Wb tham txog yuav ua li cas nrhiav tau cov protons, neutrons thiab electrons. Nyob rau hauv ib qho atom muaj peb hom elementary hais, thiab txhua tus nws muaj nws tus kheej elementary xwb, loj.

Tus qauv ntawm lub nucleus

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav to taub yuav ua li cas nrhiav tau cov protons, neutrons thiab electrons, sawv cev kev tub ntxhais qauv. Nws yog ib tug loj ib feem ntawm lub atom. Hauv lub nucleus yog cov txheej txheem ntawm protons thiab neutrons, raug xa mus nucleons. Hauv lub nucleus, cov hais tau dhau txhua lwm yam.

Piv txwv li, mus nrhiav tau cov protons, neutrons thiab electrons nyob rau hauv hydrogen atom yog tsim nyog los paub nws ib theem zuj zus tooj. Yog hais tias peb xav txog hais tias qhov no caij taws los ntawm cov periodic system, nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb muaj ib proton.

Cov kab uas hla ntawm ib tug atomic nucleus yog kaum-thousandth ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov atom loj. Nws tsom lub ib thooj ntawm cov atom. By ceeb thawj ntawm lub tseem ceeb yog ntau dua tshaj li ib txhiab lub sij hawm lub sum ntawm tag nrho cov electrons tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub atom.

particle Characterization

Xav txog yuav ua li cas nrhiav tau cov protons, neutrons thiab electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug atom, thiab kawm txog lawv nta. Proton - yog ib lub tsev particle, uas sib raug mus rau lub nucleus ntawm lub hydrogen atom. Nws loj tshaj lub electron yog 1836 lub sij hawm. Yuav kom txiav txim seb lub tsev ntawm hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib nrog ib tug predetermined ntoo khaub lig-section, siv ib tug hluav taws xob xwb.

Txhua atom ntawm ib tug tej yam muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm protons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus nyob. Nws yog ib qhov nqi, yus muaj los ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lub cev thaj chaw ntawm no lub caij.

Yuav ua li cas mus nrhiav tau cov protons, neutrons thiab electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug carbon atom? Cov kab xov tooj ntawm cov tshuaj lub caij 6, thiaj li, rau protons muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Raws li planetary qauv ntawm atomic qauv, nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug tub ntxhais mus nyob rau hauv orbits rau electrons. Yuav kom txiav txim tus xov tooj ntawm neutrons los ntawm cov nqi txheeb ze atomic loj ntawm cov pa roj carbon (12) rho tus xov tooj ntawm protons (6), peb tau rau neutrons.

lub xov tooj ntawm protons coj mus rau 26, uas yog, qhov no caij yog lub 26th tooj nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj rau hlau atom.

Lub neutron yog electrically nruab nrab particle, tsis ruaj tsis khov nyob rau hauv lub dawb lub xeev. Lub neutron yog tau nthawv txia mus ua ib tug zoo them proton, emitting ib tug electron thiab ib tug antineutrino no. Qhov nruab nrab ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 12 feeb. Pawg tooj - yog tag nrho tus nqi ntawm cov xov tooj ntawm protons thiab neutrons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm cov atom. Wb sim kom paub tseeb yuav ua li cas nrhiav tau cov protons, neutrons thiab electrons nyob rau hauv lub ion? Yog hais tias lub atom thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj sis raug zoo nrog lwm lub caij acquires ib tug zoo oxidation lub xeev, tus xov tooj ntawm protons thiab neutrons therein yog tsis tau hloov, tsuas electrons yuav me me.

xaus

Muaj ntau ntau theories txog cov qauv ntawm cov atom, tab sis tsis muaj ib tug yog tsis zaum. Ua ntej version tsim Rutherford, tsis muaj ncauj lus kom ntxaws piav txog qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm protons thiab neutrons, raws li zoo raws li txoj kev sib hloov ntawm lub yeej orbits ntawm lub electrons. Tom qab cov tsos ntawm cov planetary qauv ntawm cov atom kev tshawb xav, tus neeg tshawb fawb muaj ib lub sij hawm tsis tau tsuas yog los mus txiav txim tus naj npawb ntawm elementary hais nyob rau hauv lub atom, tab sis kuj yuav twv seb lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm ib tug kev tshuaj lub caij.