Alder: hauj lwm, daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj

Alder yog tam sim no harbinger caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nws pib kom loj hlob, thaum tseem muaj daus. Leaflets tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas tom qab ntawd. Tsob ntoo belongs rau lub birch tsev neeg.

Alder: piav qhia

Nyob rau hauv lub nyob tej yam kev mob, tej zaum nws yuav zoo li ib tug deciduous ntoo mus txog 25 meters los yog loj tsob nroj nrog ib lub cev mus txog 50 cm. Alder belongs rau lub ceev ceev-loj hlob hom uas yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshwm nyob rau hauv thawj 15 xyoo ntawm lub neej. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem slows cia. Frost resistant thiab semi-ntxoov ntxoo, tab sis lub teeb txaus-yuav tsum tau.

Nruab nrab muaj hnub nyoog - 40-60 xyoo, tab sis cov nroj tsuag yog hu, thiab tau mus txog 100 xyoo ntawm lub hnub nyoog.

Alder txho (los yog dawb, raws li nws yog hu ua) muaj ib tug ntiav paus system. Tob nws tsuas yog 20 cm. Nyob rau cov keeb kwm raws li nodule pnovaya growths thiab kev loj hlob.

Alder muaj ib tug slender lub cev nrog ib tug tus lub teeb grey tawv. Cov tub hluas ntxhais yub nws chiv nrog ib tug greenish tinge, tom qab ua xim av. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov uas tsis yog-nplaum qhov muag catches ib tug faint ib yas ib yas uas disappears tom qab tej lub sij hawm.

Cov nplooj yog kheej kheej zoo li tus, sab thiab me ntsis taw saum toj kawg nkaus. Loj hlob mus txog rau 10 cm, nrog rau sab saum toj sab ntawm ib tug ci ntsuab, hauv qab - yog sib zog. Cov nplooj rau cov ceg teem nyob rau hauv peb kab.

Nws yog lub npe hu 30 hom ntawm no nroj tsuag, tab sis nyob rau hauv Russia xwb ob feem ntau: Alder, dub Alder. Qhov thib ob yog kuj hu ua nplaum.

Flowering thiab tu tub tu kiv

Catkins tshwm thawj zaug nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj los yog Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Txiv neej thiab poj niam nyob rau hauv tsos txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv thawj buds yog ntev thiab feem ntau sau rau 3-5 daim ua ke. Tsej "poj niam" dawb, luv luv ceg, ib tug ntev ntawm 1.5 cm. Lawv yog sau rau 8-9 daim. Pollination yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm cov cua.

Los ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm cov poj niam Inflorescences yog ua nyuab me ntsis thiab zoo li me me pob.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm txhua txhua xyoo thiab paub tab noob uas nyob twj ywm siv tau rau 2 xyoos. Lawv zoo li txiv laum huab xeeb ntev ntawm 1.5 cm nrog membranous tis.

Alder propagated los ntawm noob, cov hauv paus hniav suckers thiab cuttings. Nws muaj peev xwm sai sai tsim ib tug tsiaj qus thicket.

kis

Tsob ntoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv Russia, tsuas yog nyob rau sab qaum teb yog ib feem ntawm nws yog tseem ntau nyob rau hauv Siberia, mus txog Kamchatka. Nws yog pom nyob rau hauv North America, Asia muaj hnub nyoog, cov Caucasus, Serbia, Ltalis, Fabkis, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov teb chaws Europe.

Alder prefers kom loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub hav zoov tsam, tab sis kuj muaj nyob hauv lub hav zoov-steppe thiab tundra. Nyob rau hauv North America, muab cov ntoo ntawd ib tug kev hem thawj rau haiv neeg nroj tsuag.

Tsaug rau cov noob nplej zoo germination sai ntaub ntawv thickets. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov dub Alder, yooj yim adapts rau nraum. Vim cov cuab yeej, cov nroj tsuag yog feem ntau siv rau ntxiv dag zog rau lub tsev txhab nyiaj ntawm cov dej ntws, qhov chaw siab tshaj, ravines, raws li zoo raws li lub creation ntawm agroforestry ua hauj lwm.

Nws hlob nyob rau hauv ntub calcareous av, uas enriches nws tus kheej nrog nitrogen. Ntuj qhuav heev theem phem. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub tiaj qhia lub xub ntiag ntawm underground dej.

Alder: pab zog thiab daim ntaub ntawv

Tsob ntoo muaj ib tug mos mos tab sis tuab ntoo nrog ib tug reddish tinge. Alder gray siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua txoj siav thiab joinery. Nws yog resistant mus rau rot. Nrov nyob rau hauv lub rooj tog kev lag luam, thiab los ntawm nws ua ib tug match daim ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov av noo acquires enhanced zog, li ntawd, siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm underwater lug, tej kas tham, teev tsev dej mounting tug ncej. Tej daim yog ib tug zoo pob rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

Taws los ntawm lub grey Alder nrov heev tsis txaus siab rau, lawv hlawv zoo, tab sis tsis txhob tuav tshav kub. Yav tas los lawv tau siv rau hlawv tawm muaj hmoov quav los ntawm lub cub tawg.

Cov tawv ntawm tsob ntoo yog ib tug zoo zas, nws yuav pab tau kom muab ib tug liab, dub thiab daj ntxoov fabrics, tawv thiab plaub.

Gardeners siv sprigs ntawm Alder yog tawm tsam nrog tej tsiaj xws li nas tsuag thiab tias kooj. Cias muab lawv nyob rau hauv txaj thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo.

Alder yog heev nrov ntawm beekeepers, paj ntoos yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tua thiab cov tub ntxhais nplooj ua ntej flowering.

Pib raws li ib tug hniav hedge, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yuav tsum tau ib tug tas li shearing.

Siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj

Rau kho cov hom phiaj, siv cov tawv ntoo, nplooj thiab cones. Cov tshuaj, uas muaj xws li Alder, muaj hemostatic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, astringent nyhuv. Lawv yog cov nrov nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tus mob huam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pieces ntawm Alder siv nyob rau hauv mob khaub thuas thiab rheumatism, yog ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj thiab yog haum rau qhov kev npaj ntawm infusions.

Cov nplooj muaj zoo ntoo diaphoretic nyhuv, lawv muaj ib tug phenol carboxylic acid, provitamin A, ascorbic acid, vitamin C.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg cones Alder alkaloids muaj xws li, aliphatic alcohols, fatty roj, yuam, triterpenoids, tannins. Cov yav tas ob yog nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag ua kiav txhab.