Keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS luv luv: hauj lwm, tsos thiab kev loj hlob. Ib tug Luv Keeb kwm ntawm Chemistry

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau lub sij hawm ntawm antiquity. Cov ancient Greeks paub txog xya co thiab ob peb lwm yam alloys. Kub, nyiaj, tooj liab, tooj dawb, hmoov txhuas, hlau thiab mercury - cov no yog cov tshuaj uas twb paub thaum lub sij hawm. Keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS pib nrog lub tswv yim kev txawj ntse. Lawv theoretical to taub twb xub pom los ntawm ntau yam zaum thiab philosophers - Aristotle, Plato, thiab Empedocles. Cov Thawj zaug ntawm lawv ntseeg hais tias txhua tus ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum hloov dua siab tshiab mus rau lwm lub. Nws ntaus nqi no mus rau lub hav zoov ntawm primordial teeb meem, uas yog thaum pib ntawm tag nrho cov pib.

ancient philosophy

Tsis tas li ntawd ntau yog cov ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm txhua yam khoom uas nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no no ua ke nrog ntawm lub plaub ntsiab - dej, hluav taws kub, lub ntiaj teb thiab huab cua. Nws yog ib cov rog ntawm xwm yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub transmutation ntawm hlau. Ib txhij, lub V nyob rau hauv. BC. e. muaj ib tug kev tshawb xav ntawm atomism, uas nws founders twb Leucippus thiab nws cov menyuam kawm ntawv Democritus. Qhov no lus qhuab qhia asserts tias txhua yam uas yog tsim los ntawm cov feeb hais. Lawv hu ua atoms. Txawm tias qhov no kev tshawb xav tau tsis pom cov pov thawj scientific nyob rau hauv antiquity, nws yog cov lus qhuab qhia kev pab los ntawm niaj hnub Science News for KIDS nyob rau hauv lub tsis ntev los no lub sij hawm.

Iyiv alchemy

Kwv yees li nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua II BC. e. Science tau ua ib tug tshiab qhov chaw ntawm lub Egyptian Alexandria. Muaj kuj nyob alchemy. Qhov no qhuab qhia tau arisen raws li ib tug synthesis ntawm theoretical tswv yim ntawm Plato thiab cov tswv yim kev txawj ntse ntawm lub Greeks. Lub keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm no yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug muaj zog paj nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS rau hlau. Rau lawv, nws twb coined los ntawm lub classic cim ntawm lub ces paub planets thiab xilethi-aus lub cev. Piv txwv li, nyiaj xwm raws li lub hli, thiab hlau - raws li Mars. Txij li thaum lub science nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm yog inseparable los ntawm kev ntseeg, thiab alchemy, raws li nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev qhuab qhia, tau nws patron vajtswv (Thoth).

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub sij hawm yog lub Bolus ntawm Mendes, uas tau sau ib treatise "Physics thiab mysticism." Nyob rau hauv nws, nws hais txog kev co thiab muaj nuj nqis heev pob zeb (thiab tus nqi ntawm lawv lub zog). Lwm alchemist Zosimus Panopolit nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm tshawb lub dag txoj kev ua kub. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub keeb kwm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim Science News for KIDS pib nrog ib tug kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov precious hlau. Alchemists sim ua kom kub los ntawm kws los yog khawv koob.

Iyiv alchemists kawm tsis tau tsuas yog cov co lawv tus kheej, tab sis kuj cov ores los ntawm uas lawv tau muab rho tawm. Yog li ntawd nws twb qhib hlau. Qhov no hom ntawm cov hlau hlau nrog mercury, uas tau noj ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub outlook ntawm lub alchemists. Ib txhia xav tias nws yog tus thawj substance. Yuav kom qhov no lub sij hawm xws li cov foundations txoj kev siv kub purification thiab txhuas nitrate.

Arab Qhib

Yog hais tias lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub Hellenistic keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS pib, ces txuas ntxiv nws centuries tom qab thaum lub sij hawm lub as golden hnub nyoog thaum cov tub ntxhais kws tshawb fawb ntawm Islam nyob rau lub forefront ntawm tib neeg science. Cov soj ntsuam ntawm muaj sab ntau yam tshiab tshuaj, xws li antimony los yog phosphorus. Feem ntau ntawm cov cim kev txawj ntse siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab muag tshuaj rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj noj. Piav qhia txog ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS, tsis mention ntawm lub philosopher lub pob zeb - ib tug mythical tshuaj uas tso cai rau kom tig tej tshuaj mus rau hauv kub, yog tsis tau.

Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo 815 lub as alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan formulated mercury-sulfuric kev tshawb xav. Nws piav hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tshiab hlau. Tej ntsiab cai no tau ua tseem ceeb rau cov alchemy tsis yog tsuas yog Arabic, tab sis kuj ntawm lub European lub tsev kawm ntawv.

European alchemists ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog

Vim lub Crusades thiab qhov ntau ntau Eastern thiab Western Christian scholars thaum kawg kawm txog cov discoveries ntawm cov Muslims. Txij li thaum lub XIII xyoo pua nws yog ib lub Europeans coj ib tug ntseeg coj noj coj ua txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb. Keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS ntawm cov Nrab Hnub nyoog tiv npaum li cas rau Roger Bacon, Albertus Magnus, Raymond Lully, thiab hais txog. D.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov nyob sab Europe cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Arabic science twb imbued nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub Christian ntseeg thiab mythology. Lub ntsiab chaw zov me nyuam ntawm txoj kev tshawb ntaub ntawv pib monasteries. Ib qho ntawm thawj loj tau ntawm cov monks yog lub foundations ntawm ammonia. Nws yog tus naas ej theologian Bonaventura. Qhib alchemists me ntsis cuam tshuam zej zog raws li ntev raws li Roger Bacon piav txog tus hmoov nyob rau hauv 1249. Thaum lub sij hawm, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj revolutionized battlefields thiab mos txwv cov tub rog.

Nyob rau hauv lub XVI xyoo pua alchemy tau impetus raws li ib tug kho mob kev qhuab qhia. Feem ntau cov paub ua hauj lwm Paraltsesa uas pheej nrhiav tau ntau yam tshuaj.

tshiab lub sij hawm

Cov Reformation thiab lub advent ntawm niaj hnub lub sij hawm yuav tsis tab sis muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab Science News for KIDS. Nws tau tshem ntawm ntau thiab ntau kev cai dab qhuas tones, ua qhov cov empirical thiab sim science. Cov tho kev ntawm no sib ua Robert Boyle, uas tau muab tso rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Science News for KIDS ntawm ib lub hom phiaj - mus nrhiav raws li muaj ntau yam tshuaj li sai tau, raws li tau zoo raws li kawm lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab zog.

Nyob rau hauv 1777, Antuan Lavuaze formulated lub oxygen kev tshawb xav ntawm combustion. Nws los ua lub hauv paus rau lub creation ntawm ib tug tshiab kev nomenclature. Keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS, luv luv piav nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv "Elementary Chav Kawm ntawm Science News for KIDS", tau ua ib tug kov. Lavoisier yog ib tug tshiab lus ntawm qhov nyuaj hais, raws li nyob rau hauv kev cai lij choj ntawm kev txuag ntawm loj. Hloov tswv yim thiab tswv yim txog qhov xwm ntawm cov tshuaj. Tam sim no, Science News for KIDS los ua ib tug neeg sab nraud muaj kuab science, uas yog raws li tsuas yog nyob rau thwmsim thiab tiag pov thawj.

XIX xyoo pua

Thaum pib ntawm lub XIX xyoo pua Dzhon Dalton formulated lub atomic kev tshawb xav ntawm qhov teeb meem qauv. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws hais dua thiab muaj tob dua cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub ancient philosopher Democritus. Nyob rau hauv kev siv muaj xws li ib lub sij hawm raws li atomic loj.

Nrog rau cov qhib ntawm lub kev cai tshiab tau muab ib tug tshiab impetus mus rau lub keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS. Luv luv, thaum lub lem ntawm lub XVIII thiab XIX centuries. muaj zauv thiab lub cev theories, uas yog yooj yim thiab txawj piav los ntawm ntau yam ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv ntiaj chaw. Qhib Dalton twb paub tseeb hais tias thaum ib tug Swedish paub txog Jens Jakob Berzelius ua txhua yam atoms nrog hluav taws xob tug. Nws kuj coined lub tam sim no paub tshuaj xa mus rau raws li lub Latin cov tsiaj ntawv.

atomic loj

Nyob rau hauv 1860, chemists ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau congress nyob rau hauv Krlsrue pom tau hais tias yuav tsum muaj atomic-molecular kev tshawb xav, npaj los ntawm Stanislao Cannizzaro. Nrog kev pab los ntawm tus kwv tij luj ntawm cov pa twb xam. Yog li ntawd lub keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS (piav me ntsis txog nws nyuaj heev) rau ob peb xyoo lawm tau tuaj ib tug ntev txoj kev.

Tus txheeb ze atomic loj tso cai rau systematize tag nrho cov ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv lub XIX xyoo pua nws twb npaj siab ntau yam ntawm cov kev xaiv yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau nws lub feem ntau yooj yim thiab tswv yim. Tab sis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov nws ua tau zoo Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij Dmitri Mendeleev. Nws periodic system ntawm hais, npaj nyob rau hauv 1869, ua lub hauv paus rau niaj hnub Science News for KIDS.

niaj hnub Science News for KIDS

Ib tug ob peb xyoo lawm tom qab nws twb sab electron thiab lub phenomenon ntawm radioactivity. Qhov no paub tseeb hais tias qhov ntev-sawv kev xav txog lub divisibility ntawm lub atom. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kev tshawb pom muab impetus mus rau lub kev loj hlob ntawm ciam teb kev qhuab qhia ntawm Science News for KIDS thiab physics. Muaj cov qauv ntawm cov atomic qauv.

Ib tug nyuag sketch ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS yuav tsis ua li cas tsis siv rau quantum mechanics. Qhov no kev qhuab qhia yuav cuam tshuam rau kev nthuav qhia ntawm qhov cov kev mus hauv cov khoom. Tshiab txoj kev rau lub tsom xam ntawm scientific kev txawj ntse thiab theories. Cov no yog sib txawv variations ntawm X-ray spectroscopy thiab siv.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, lub keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS, luv luv piav saum toj no, twb cim los ntawm poj ntsuam nyob rau hauv nrog ib thiab tshuaj. Tshiab ua hauj lawm yog lug siv nyob rau hauv niaj hnub tshuaj thiab thiaj li nyob. G. Cov nqaijrog qauv yog kawm, DNA thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb hauv uas muaj sia nyob. Ib tug nyuag sketch ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm Science News for KIDS yuav ua nyob rau hauv qhib tshiab tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub periodic lub rooj uas yog experimentally tau.