Poet Yakov Polonsky: nyuag Phau ntawv sau, kos duab, paj huam thiab nthuav tseeb

Tsis yog feem ntau nco ntsoov hais tias kws sau paj lug JP Polonsky (1819-1898) tsim ntau tej hauj lwm tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov paj huam tab sis nyob rau hauv luag. Txawm li cas los, tseem mas nyob rau hauv nws romantic tej hauj lwm ua ib tug romance. Poet alien nyob ib ncig ntawm nrov nrov, tiam sis tsis muaj ab tsi rau txoj hmoo ntawm lub motherland. nws feem ntau admired nyob rau hauv nws "Tswb".

me me teb

Lub quietest ntawm Ryazan, nyob rau hauv ib tug me me lub xeev lub zos, nyob rau hauv lub hmo ntuj ntawm 6 mus rau 7 Hlis ntuj nqeg 1819 yug tus me nyuam, uas ob lub lis piam tom qab ntawd lawv hu ua nyob rau hauv kev cai raus dej Yakhauj. Nws tus phauj twb tau nyob rau ib lub pob ntawm tus tswv xeev-kev, tab sis tom qab kev kawm uas lawv tus muam yog yam xyuam xim tauj thaum yug los, sab laug lub pob coj lawv txais tos. Rhode Polonsky yog qub, uas mus los ntawm Poland yuav nkag mus rau cov kev pab cuam ntawm Ivanu Groznomu. Polonsky muaj ib tug lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab rau azure tom qab uas tau xwm lub hnub qub rau horns, lub kaus mom hlau nrog yaj yuam plaub thiab ib tug hluas lub hlis. Lub txiv ntawm cov kws sau paj lug ib tug zoo kev kawm ntawv yuav tsis tau, tab sis kawm nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv, thiab muaj ib tug zoo nkauj thiab nyeem tau. Nws yog ib tug zoo tub ceev xwm, thiab ib tug loj tsev neeg yuav tsum tau rau nws exorbitant nqi. Yakov yog tus hiob tus me nyuam, thiab nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd nws yuav tsum tau rau cov me nyuam. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem yug nws niam tuag, Natalia Yakovlevna. Tus me nyuam raug kev txom nyem grievously nws txoj kev tuag, thiab nws ciali rau nws hais tias nws niam tau muab nws faus ciaj sia. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, Yakov Polonsky feem ntau pom txaus ntshai npau suav. Nws tau ntshai. Tswv yim pib mus ua hauj lwm, yuav tshwm sim poetic dluab. Cov laus tus kwv tij twb qhia rau lawv fairy tales yees los ntawm tus yau thiab pib nyiag sau paj huam.

tom qab high school

Yakov Polonsky Ryazan kawm tiav los ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1838. By lub sij hawm no, kuv txiv tau tag lawm thiab txoj kev tuag ntawm nws tus poj niam, tau txais kev pab peb lub xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, nws rov qab mus nws hometown. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam, nws tsis cuam tshuam. Tab sis Yakhauj yog ib tug kev tshwm sim uas nws xam tau tias yog ib tug milestone ntawm nws lub neej. Nyob rau hauv 1837 nws tau mus xyuas lub Ryazan Tsesarevich Aleksandr Nikolaevich, nrog los ntawm VA Zhukovsky. Hluas Yakhauj Polonsky hais rau yav tom ntej huab tais yog ib tug ntawm nws tsim yaam tshab. Qhov no lub rooj sib tham yog kev cob cog rua rau tag nrho cov kev xav ntawm ib tug tub hluas nrog kev sau ntawv ua ub no. Los ntawm 1838 mus 1844 xyoo, Yakov Polonsky kawm ntawm Moscow University. Nws yog heev neeg pluag, vim hais tias cov tsev neeg yog kiag li devastated, thiab muaj peev xwm tsuas cia siab rau lawv tus kheej lub zog. Cia ntiav tsev nyob rau hauv lub slums yuav tsum tau ua ib tug nyob los ntawm kev qhia ntawv ntxiv thiab private qhia. Muaj hnub thaum noj su thiab yog tsis nyob rau ntawd. Nws yuav tsum tau ua nrog cov tshuaj yej thiab ib tug yob. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm nws zoo paub A. Grigoriev thiab A. tseeb, muab tso rau kev txuj ci ntawm cov hluas kws sau paj lug. Inspired, nws luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Sau ntawv ntawm lub Fatherland" nyob rau hauv 1840, cov paj huam "dawb huv tseem ceeb neeb tsis nyuaj." Vajvoog phooj ywg nyob rau hauv Moscow tau txhab. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm ib tug xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm lub Decembrist Nikolai Orlov, Yakov Polonsky raws li cov xib fwb T. Granovsky, philosopher P. Chaadaev. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv 1942, nws lub neej phooj ywg nrog Ivan Turgenev, uas yuav pab txhawb cov xov xwm.

Sau los ntawm "Gamma"

Nyob rau hauv 1844, Petr Yakovlevich Chaadaev nquag sau subscription nyiaj rau lub xov xwm ntawm thawj phau ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kws sau paj lug. Lyrics Lermontov tshuav ib tug cim rau ntawm nws. Tab sis Belinsky raws li ib tug tag nrho muab ib tug dej siab xyuas. Lub critic sau tseg nyob rau hauv nqe "ntshiab paj huam caij". Nikolai Gogol rewrites rau lawv tus kheej ib tug ntawm cov kwv huam. VA Zhukovsky hais tus hluas paj huam moos uas qhia hais tias nws appreciates nws txuj ci. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin muab ib qho muaj nqes kawg nkaus - ib tug portfolio teej tug mus rau nws ntse heev tus tij laug.

Odessa

Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo thiab tsiv mus rau sab qab teb thiab cov biography ntawm lub neej ntawm Yakova Polonskogo sau acquaintances nrog cov neeg ntawm Pushkin lub voj voog. Sib raug zoo thiab clarity tuab lub thib ob sau los ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, "Kwv huam 1845". Txawm li cas los Belinsky nrhiav tsis tau nws kev vam meej kev khoom.

Caucasus

Lub siab xav tau tshiab impressions ua Yakov Petrovich nyob rau hauv Tiflis nyob rau hauv 1846. Nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus tswv xeev ntawm MS Vorontsov thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Herald ntawm lub Transcaucasian" pab editor. Nyob rau hauv nws, nws thiab luam. Nyob rau hauv kab txawv cov ntaub ntawv uas ntawm lub Caucasus, nws yog sim mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tsoos ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm ballads thiab kwv huam. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws yuav siv tsis tshua muaj heev raznostopnye ntau thiab tsawg pab. Nyob rau hauv 1849 lub kws sau paj lug tso ib tug sau ntawm "Sandazar". Tab sis nyob rau hauv 1851 nws tuaj rau Russia raws li kawm txog lub mob loj ntawm nws tus txiv.

Petersburg

Yog li ntawd Yakova Polonskogo biography qhia zaj dab neeg txog nws rov qab mus rau Russia, qhov chaw uas nws twb loj hlob cus plaws tau txais los ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv thiab sau ntawv. Tab sis cov khoom zoo tsis muaj. Nyob rau hauv 1857, nws tau yuam kom ua ib tug repeater. Nyob rau hauv no muaj peev xwm, nws nrog tsev neeg SA Smirnova-Rosset, muaj ib tug tsis tshua tsis ruaj tsis khov thiab tsis yooj yim rau Switzerland. Tab sis 38 xyoo - qhov no yog tsis muaj lawm lub hnub nyoog thaum koj yuav zam lub whims ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab nws mus txog rau tus ncej thiab mus ntsib mus rau Geneva, Rome, Paris.

enamored kws sau paj lug

Nyob rau hauv lub Fabkis capital muaj yog ib tug "neeg tuag taus lub rooj sab laj" raws li nws hu ua lub kws sau paj lug, nrog nws yav tom ntej tus poj niam. Tus ntxhais no, Elena Ustyuzhskaya, yog cov tub ntxhais, nyob rau hauv kev hlub thiab sib yuav yuav tsum tau tos kom txog lub xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1858, lawv tau sib yuav thiab mus rau St. Petersburg. Nws fiancee yog suav tias yog nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej tus txiv puab nobility. Alas, lub sib yuav yog short-lived. Cia li ob lub xyoos ntawd kub ntev li lawv muaj kev zoo siab. Thaum xub thawj, nws twb txom nyem nco Yakov nrog droshky. Nws zoo heev raug mob nws txhais ceg, uas tau muab rau nws tsis muaj so txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub neej, thiab nws yuav tsum tau siv pas txheem. Ces tuag rau lub hlis tus tub, thiab ob peb lub hlis tom qab, thiab nws tus poj niam. Ntawm no yog ib tug nyuag Phau ntawv sau Yakova Polonskogo muaj feem xyuam rau nws cov thawj sib yuav. Tus yaj saub kws sau paj lug txaws los ntawm lub depths ntawm "Lub Seagull" tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov paj huam, "Lub chim ntawm kev tu siab," "Yog hais tias tsuas koj kev hlub ...".

thib ob sib yuav

Literary royalties yuav tsis yooj yim sua, Yakov Petrovich, thiab pib mus ua hauj lwm rau ib tug pawg neeg ntawm txawv teb chaws censorship. 6 xyoo tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm nws thawj thawj kev sib yuav, nws ntog nyob rau hauv kev hlub nrog Zhozefinu Ryulman. Qhov no tshiab xaus nrog lub sib yuav, uas yuav los yug ob tug tub thiab ib tug ntxhais. Nws lub tsev tsim ib tug txawj-suab paj nruas salon, uas nyob rau Fridays yuav kom muaj xim Petersburg intelligentsia: paj huam, sau ntawv, composers, painters, critics. Muaj seething kev cai lub neej ntawm lub capital. Nyob rau hauv qhov nyuag Phau ntawv sau txog Yakova Polonskogo nyob rau hauv peb kev nthuav qhia yog tam sim no los mus rau qhov kawg. Nyob rau hauv kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 50 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm cov zajlus ua si ntawm Polonsky nws twb muab mus rau ib tug silver wreath thiab Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov nplooj siab ib zaj paj huam.

Romances lus Polonsky

Romantic, sim mus rau teb rau socio-thoj teeb meem, tsis tau nyob rau hauv peb lub paj hlwb yog txuam nrog romance. Yakov Polonsky, uas nws cov kwv huam hlub los ntawm ntau Lavxias teb sab composers, rau ntau paub, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nyob rau hauv cov lus, "Kuv hluav taws nyob rau hauv lub pos huab teeb". Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev zaj nkauj rau nws cov lus, far-deb tsis tiav:

• Composer EF Napravnik:

Birdie: "Nws tsw huv cua teb";

Waltz "Ray ntawm Cia Siab";

Thov Vajtswv: "Peb leej Txiv! Tub supplication: muab pob ntseg ... ".

• SV Rachmaninov:

Lub rooj sib tham: "Nag hmo peb tau ntsib ...";

Music: "Thiab ua luam dej thiab loj hlob cov zoo suab ...";

Dissonance: "Cia cov nyiaj ntawm lub hmoo ...".

• AG Rubinstein:

Duma: "Tus dawb huv neeb solemnly suab ...";

Poob: "Thaum ib tug kev paub ua ntej ntawm kev sib cais ...".

• PI Tchaikovsky:

"Sab nraum, nyob rau hauv tus duab ntxoov ntxoo flicker".

Los ntawm txoj kev, Tchaikovsky Polonsky sau libretto ntawm lub opera "Lub Khiab". Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus xws li ib tug me me muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm zaj nkauj teev nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, koj yuav tau xa mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Bunin txoj kab los ntawm ib tug paj huam los J. Polonsky muab tso rau hauv lub npe ntawm ib qho ntawm nws zaj dab neeg, namely "Nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev paub."

Polonsky tuag nyob rau hauv lub hnub nyoog ntawm 78, yog faus nyob ze Ryazan. Thiab tam sim no reburied nyob rau hauv lub Ryazan Kremlin. Tag nrho cov kwv huam Polonsky, Yakov Petrovich pom ib tug npaj txhij teb nrog nws lub contemporaries thiab tom ntej no tiam ntawm lub Symbolists, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv BLOK. Nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm nws twb tsis muab tej (!) Ntawm kev ua hauj lwm rau siab ua nws lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm. Tam sim no Ryazan regional tshwj xeeb los kho qhov teeb meem no los ntawm muab monographs, cov khoom, thiab cov phau ntawv, uas xa rov qab mus rau peb unjustly tsis nco qab lawm kws sau paj lug, tshuav ib tug zoo artistic cuab yeej cuab tam.