Tsis-ferrous metallurgy thiab nws geography

Tsis-ferrous metallurgy hais txog qhov hnyav industries. Nws yog koom nyob rau hauv ntau lawm, ua thiab kawm ntawm ore xwb uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau. Muaj peb lub ntsiab qhov chaw: aluminium, tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee kev lag luam. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev lag luam nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv - economic, thaj thiab lwm tus neeg. Cia peb xav txog nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam, ob leeg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws thiab nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no scale.

Ib tug feature uas muaj kev ua lag luam yog unprofitable tsheb thauj mus los uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau ores rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev thiab pab txhawb ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, tsis yog-ferrous metallurgy nyob ze li sai tau mus rau lawv qhov chaw ntawm lawm. Lub mined ore muaj ib tug me me feem ntawm uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau. Nws txiav txim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub ua qhauj. Nws tsis yog cov tswv yim los mus thauj ib tug loj kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm cov "dawb paug" ore. Qhov no hwv nta, uas yog uas tsis yog-ferrous metallurgy.

Cov kev lag luam muaj ib tug tseem ceeb feem nyob rau industrial zaum ntawm lub teb chaws. Cov co uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm engineering thiab lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Tsis-ferrous metallurgy yog ib qhov zoo tshaj uas kom txoj kev loj hlob ntawm scientific thiab cov kev kawm.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntsiab ceg yog muab faib mus rau hauv ib tug ua-zinc, tungsten-molybdenum, Titanium, npib tsib xee-cobalt kev lag luam. Tseem tau sau yog zus tau tej cov tsis tshua muaj co, nyuaj co thiab zoo zoo nkauj tshooj.

Muaj peb yooj yim cov kauj ruam ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm muab uas tsis yog-ferrous co:

1. Extraction ntawm cov nqaij nyoos khoom thiab nws kawm.

2. Cov redistribution ntawm ore nyob rau hauv steel mills.

3. ua ntawm uas tsis yog-ferrous hlau.

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm niaj hnub science yuav tsum tau hais tias tus uas tsis yog-ferrous metallurgy ntau zog nws tagnrho. Rau qhov tshiab uas yuav tsum tau ntau resistant thiab check alloys. Lawv yog raws li nyob rau hauv titanium thiab txhuas predominates. Cov uas ua alloys yog siv nyob rau hauv ib tug missile, aircraft lag luam, space-nrhav nyob rau hauv lub teb, shipbuilding thiab lwm yam liaj teb ntawm engineering.

Tooj yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab daim ntawv los yog raws li alloys nrog lwm yam. Piv txwv li, thaum txuas nrog cov tau tin bronze, zinc - dag, txhuas - duralumin, npib tsib xee - npib tsib xee nyiaj.

Noble co siv nyob rau hauv jewellery thiab nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm ntau yam khoom. Nonferrous metallurgy yog dav tsim nyob rau hauv Russia.

Rau cov tooj liab kev lag luam yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug txheej ntawm ntws los thiab downstream qhauj. Qhov no yog vim tus uas tsis muaj concentration ntawm tooj liab nyob rau hauv lub ore mined. Ib tug ntau ntawm qhauj thiab ceg rau mining thiab ua ntawm tooj liab ore nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Muaj kuj qhauj rau zus tau tej cov cobalt, tin thiab lwm yam hlau.

Tooj thiab npib tsib xee yog ua nyob rau hauv Norilsk Tanahskogo teb cheeb tsam.

Nyob rau kub tsuas Russia Qib 6 nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb reserves yog zaum ob tsuas yog mus rau South Africa. Paub qhov txawv ntawm friable ore thiab complex teb. Cov feem ntau dej siab rau zus tau tej cov friable deposits, tab sis lawv cov reserves raug depleted. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo ua txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lwm yam ore mines.

Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm kub tsuas yog suav tias yog Bodaibo. Muaj tsim mines nyob rau hauv nrog Australian tuam txhab uas muag. Nyob rau hauv lub Far East, ua txog ob feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov kub nyob rau hauv lub Urals - txog 5%, thiab nyob rau hauv Eastern Siberia - ib-plaub ntawm.

Pob Zeb Diamond ntau lawm, Zog ntawm Guj kuj kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov uas lub chaw. Lawv lub ntsiab deposits muaj nyob rau hauv Yakutia. Tseem muaj deposits nyob rau hauv lub Arkhangelsk, Irkutsk Thaj av thiab lub Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Nonferrous metallurgy tseem yog lub ntiaj teb no yog nplua nuj thiab ntau haiv neeg. Ntawm no yog yeej los ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog deposits, tej yam kev mob ntawm ore tsuas thiab ib puag ncig. Lub ntsiab deposits uas tsis yog-ferrous ores muaj nyob rau hauv Australia, South Africa, Guinea, Is Nrias teb, Chile, Peru, Venezuela thiab lwm lub teb chaws. Muaj ntau lub teb chaws yog kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no nrog aim ntawm kev txhim kho cov efficiency thiab zoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog-ferrous metallurgy.