Tsis-ferrous co: nta thiab cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv. Ua uas tsis yog-ferrous co

Tsis-ferrous co thiab lawv alloys yog lug siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Ntawm lawv tsim khoom, cuab yeej, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev tsim kho puas tau. Daim ntawv thov Lawv txawm nyob rau hauv lub kos duab, xws li rau qhov kev siv ntawm monuments thiab sculptures. Yuav ua li cas yog cov uas tsis yog-ferrous co? Yuav ua li cas nta ua lawv muaj? Cia peb kawm saib nws.

Yuav ua li cas yog hlau?

Thaum pib ntawm txoj kev tshawb npe hu ua "hlau" muaj xws li kuj cov zaub mov thiab ore, cais lub tswvyim pib xwb nyob rau hauv lub XVI caug xyoo. Co - yog yooj yim tshuaj uas muaj tej yeeb yam zoo. Lub ntsiab yam ntxwv yog cov thermal conductivity thiab hluav taws xob conductivity, ductility, nws yog xim hlau sheen, siab plasticity thiab lub dag lub zog ib txhij.

Thaum lub Periodic Table suspects muaj xws li 94 lub caij. Tshuaj zog, lawv muab faib ua alkaline, hloov, lub teeb, lanthanides, actinides, semi-hlau, thiab hais txog. D. Nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, lawv yog chiv nyob rau hauv lub khoom hauv lub xeev.

Ib qho ntawm feem nrov hlau mus siv - hlau. Alloys muaj hlau, hu ua ferrous co, nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam lawv nyob ib daim me me kev lag luam. Cov no muaj xws alloys xws li hlau thiab hlau. Rau ferrous co yog tej thaum kuj hu chromium thiab manganese. Lwm cov yog dawb lias.

Tsis-ferrous co

Qhov no hom yog feem ntau xa mus rau raws li "uas tsis yog-ferrous" hlau. Piv nrog rau dub, lawv yuav tsis heev raug rau hnav, muaj ib tug siab kuj thiab hluav taws kuj. Tsis-ferrous co yog ntau saj zawg zog thiab yooj yim rau cov txheej txheem. Lawv yuav tsim tej acid-resistant alloys.

Lawv muab faib ua ob peb pab pawg, nyob ntawm seb lub cev zog thiab loj heev. Yog li ntawd, muaj qhov hnyav thiab lub teeb hlau. Nws yog rau tus thawj lead, tin, mercury, zinc, thiab mus rau lub thib ob - magnesium, beryllium, lithium thiab txhuas. Titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten yus li refractory.

Cais li tsawg tsawg thiab zoo zoo nkauj tshooj. Cov uas tsis tshua muaj koom tantalum, molybdenum, radium, thorium. Lawv yog cov tsis heev nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, thiab lawv ua tsis yog yooj yim. Noble los yog zoo zoo nkauj tshooj yog kiag li tsis xeb thiab muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb ci. Lawv hais kub, platinum, silver, ruthenium, osmium, Palade, iridium.

Ua thiab raug

Extraction thiab ua cov uas tsis yog-ferrous co yuav tsum tau ntau yam kev pab tshaj cov hlau kho mob, raws li lawv muaj ntau rarer. Lub ores feem ntau muaj txog li 5% ntawm cov pab neeg sawv cev uas yog siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam. Tam sim ntawd tom qab extraction ntawm ore enriching, nkauj nraug nws los ntawm qhov gangue, kom cov hlau cov ntsiab lus.

Tom ntej no, nws yog raug mus rau ntau yam dab hloov qhov ntau thiab tsawg, nrhiav, qualities. Cov kev kauj ruam thiab ua caag yog nyob rau hauv lub npaj lub hom phiaj. Tsis-ferrous co yuav muaj xws li lawv cov molding, nias, forging, welding, thiab hais txog. D. Rau tej ntawm lawv zoo tov nrog txhua lwm yam. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub alloys no yog ua los ntawm Anodized txhuas, babbitt, bronze, silumin, tooj dag.

Cov feem nrov muaj uas tsis yog-ferrous co - txhuas thiab tooj liab. Lawv manufactures Russia, teb chaws USA, Ltalis, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Nyiv, Australia, thiab Latin America. Feem ntau cov tooj liab mines nyob rau hauv Chile. Guinea rau lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam thawj coj nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm bauxite nyob rau hauv cov hlau lead - Austria, tin - Indonesia. South Africa Qib thawj nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov kub thiab nyiaj mined nyob rau hauv Mexico.

Kev siv cov co

Tsis-ferrous co thiab lawv alloys yog ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, txhua txhua hnub peb muaj nrog lawv. Ntawm lawv ua qhov rooj saib xyuas, huam, kettles, thiab cov tsev khoom siv, rooj tog, roj thiab tshaj.

Lawv yog lug siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ntau qhov chaw thiab cov cuab yeej. Ntawm cov neeg ua los ntawm cov hlau, screws, ceev, screws, rau tes, ua ci phiaj sib txawv ntau thiab tsawg, bands, cov ntawv txheeb thiab hlab.

Tsis-ferrous co yog haum rau qhov siv thiab ua loj cov khoom, yog li ntawd siv txoj kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam. Lawv yog cov ntau sib zog tshaj hlau, li ntawd, siv qhov twg yuav tsum tau lub dag lub zog thiab lightness nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, xws li tsheb, ships, submarines thiab aircraft.

Tooj yog siv nyob rau hauv architecture, thaum raug cov kav dej. Rau durability nws yog ntxiv rau kub ntawm jewellery siv thiab ua. Lead yog ntxiv rau tus number case, nws yog siv rau thaiv, rau qhov siv thiab ua cov mos txwv thiab tawg. Lub lithium yuav tsum tau rau zus tau tej cov alkali roj teeb rau cov optics nyob rau hauv electronics, tshuaj.

Nta thiab nthuav tseeb

Cov feem ntau hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab - txhuas. Ntawm tag nrho cov qhib lub ntsiab yog cov thib peb, tom qab cov pa thiab silicon. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws muaj yog tsis tshua muaj hlau rhenium nyob rau hauv cov xwm, muaj npe tom qab German dej Rhine.

Lithium yog lub lightest. Nws muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj kev ceev, yog li ntawd txawm floats nyob rau hauv kerosene. Lithium yog tshuaj lom thiab ua rau kub yus ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab voos. Nws yog muab cia rau hauv tshwj xeeb flasks ntxhia roj los yog paraffin.

Feem ntau cov xam tau tias yog refractory tungsten. Nws tej zaum yuav melted ntawm ib tug kub saum toj no 3422 degrees celsius haus - thaum 5555 degrees. Tsaug rau no feature nws yog siv rau cov ntsiabteeb hauv cov qhov muag teeb thiab kinescopes.