Kub tsuas. Cov kev kub extraction. Kub tsuas manually

Kub tsuas pib nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm noob neej tau tsim txog 168,9 txhiab. Tons ntawm lub precious hlau, yuav luag 50% ntawm cov uas yog siv rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Yog hais tias tag nrho cov mined kub mus sau nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw, lawv yuav tau tsim ib lub voos xwmfab nrog ib tug qhov siab ntawm 5-storey tsev, uas muaj ib tug ntug - 20 meters.

"Golden History"

Kub - hlau, uas noob neej tau paub tsawg kawg yog 6500 xyoo dhau los. Nws suav hais tias yog hiob cov khoom muaj nqis nyob rau hauv lub Varna necropolis, uas yog nyob rau hauv Bulgaria, thiab sau hnub tim khoom 4600 BC

Kub tau ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm thoob plaws hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, nws yog tseem suav hais tias yog lub suab peev. Lawv tuaj thiab mus txiaj, tab sis nws tseem yog ib tug universal standard thiab ruaj khov rau txhiab xyoo.

Owning no hlau yeej ib txwm tau prestigious. Kwv yees li ntawm tus nqi ntawm kub yog tsis tsuas zoo-tau depended rau ntawm nws, thiab txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv zej zog. Yog li ntawd nws yog nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no lub sij hawm.

Uas kub muaj feem ntau lawm qhov ua rau ntawm kev tsov kev rog thiab kev txhaum, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws tau ua si ib tug lossis loj lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm noob neej nyob rau hauv feem ntau. Nyob rau qhov no vim pib coj zoo lawm monetary system, tsim kev cai qhov tseem ceeb thiab architectural masterpieces, uas yog priceless thiab tseem amaze txhua leej txhua tus. Vim lub siab xav los ua tus hlau zaum, ntau tshuaj ntsiab twb tau, thiab cov kub maj pab nrhiav thiab tshawb tshiab pawg neeg thaj av.

Raws li mined kub nyob rau hauv Russia

Nyob rau hauv lub sab sauv ua kiav txhab ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsim muaj kub nyob rau hauv me me qhov ntau, tab sis cov no teb thiab cov cheeb tsam ib tug ntau. Zog ntawm Guj kuj yog nyob rau hauv 4 qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov qeb duas rau nws lawm thiab muaj 7% ntawm lub ntiaj teb no sib qhia.

Muaj txoj kev pib ua kub nyob rau hauv 1745. Tus thawj kuv twb qhib pluag Erofeem Markovym, uas hais ntawm nws nyob qhov twg. Tom qab ntawd nws lub npe hu ua Berezovsky.

Niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv Russia muaj 16 lub tuam txhab uas mined lub precious hlau. Tus thawj coj yog lub tuam txhab "Polyus kub", uas yog 1/5 ntawm cov feem ntawm tag nrho cov ntau lawm ua lag luam. Mob Siab koom tes mas mined hlau nyob rau hauv Magadan, Irkutsk thiab Amur cheeb tsam, Chukotka, Krasnoyarsk thiab Khabarovsk ib cheeb tsam.

Kub tsuas - ib tug txheej txheem complex, lub sij hawm siv thiab kim heev. Txo cov nqi los ntawm kev kaw unprofitable mines thiab tau nyiaj tsawg. Txo tus nqi ntawm kev tshawb kawm ua hauj lwm , thiab cov kev taw qhia tshiab technologies uas tiv thaiv lub capital - nws yog ib qho zoo kev ntsuas.

Tus txheej txheem ntawm muab kub

Raws li ntev raws li centuries dhau, cov hlau lawm txheej txheem yog lossi hloov. Keeb xeeb yog nrov kub tsuas manually. Cov yooj tau txais cov golden xuab zeb ua tsaug rau uncomplicated txheej thaum ub kiag li lawm. Lub tais recruited dej xuab zeb, thiab ces nws twb shaken nyob rau hauv ib tug dej ntws, cov xuab zeb yog ntxuav tawm, thiab cov hlau nplej nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv qab, raws li lawv yog hnyav zog. Qhov no yog feem ntau siv tau nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no lub sij hawm.

Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis yog lawm txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, ua ntej lawm raws tus dej ntws yuav feem ntau nrhiav tau cov kub nuggets. Muab pov rau lawv tawm rau lub teb chaws nrog blurring auriferous leeg lawm. Txawm li cas los, los ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua tus nplua nuj placers sab laug, thiab kawm mus rau extract kub los ntawm ore.

Tam sim no kub tsuas yog xyaum tsis tshua manually, cov txheej txheem yog kiag li mechanized, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog heev yooj yim. Nws yog suav tias yog nqi-zoo teb, uas tso nyiaj rau ib tug ton ntawm 3 grams ntawm kub. Thaum cov ntsiab lus nyob rau ntawd yog 10 g xam tau tias yog neeg nplua nuj.

Txoj kev rau rov qab los ntawm kub los ntawm ore

Kom txog rau thaum ib tug ob peb xyoos dhau los, feem ntau siv ib txoj kev xws li amalgamation, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm mercury envelop kub. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thoob twb muab tso mercury, ces shaken kub-breed therein. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, txawm lub me tshaj kub hais tsuas lo rau nws. Tom qab hais tias, cov mercury yog cais los ntawm cov khib nyiab pob zeb, thiab muaj zog cua sov rau cov kub rau flake tawm. Txawm li cas los, qhov no txoj kev muaj ib co drawbacks, txij thaum lub mercury nws tus kheej yog heev tshuaj lom. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws muab kub yog tseem tsis tau kiag li, vim hais tias nws yog kiag li me me hais ntawm precious hlau nyuaj los ntub.

Qhov thib ob hom yog ntau niaj hnub - kub yog leached nrog sodium cyanide, uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm txawm qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hais yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv dej-soluble cyanide compound. Thiab twb los ntawm lawv yav tom ntej siv cov reagents thiab cov kub rho tawm. Qhov no txoj kev koj yuav tau txais cov precious hlau txawm los ntawm twb tso tseg teb, uas yuav ua rau lawv muaj txiaj ntsim dua.

Tau tsev kub

Kub tsuas yog tau manually thiab hauv tsev. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav extract nws, tsis muaj yuav tsum tau mus rau lub mines, thiab cov sij hawm ntawm kev tuav tais. Muaj ntau ntau thaj yeeb thiab civilized txoj kev. Nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov khoom uas muaj kub. Piv txwv li, tus laus tus Soviet watches nyob rau hauv lawv cov daj Certificate muaj tiag tiag ntshiab precious hlau tsis muaj impurities.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau nws tawm qhov ntawd mus, koj cia li yuav tau mus yuav xws li ib tug saib nyob rau hauv loj heev ntau. Ces xav tau yas thoob thiab phiab, hluav taws xob rab chais tuaj, tshav kub-resistant iav lauj kaub, txhuam thiab x / paj rwb ntaub lim, hnab looj tes thiab vlagoraspylitel. Ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tau nitric thiab hydrochloric acid.

Ua pib thaum koj tuav twb muaj 300 tus neeg mob. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm xwb 4 teev, thaum koj siv 4 liv ntawm acid. Los ntawm thiaj li muaj ntau lub tsev koj yuav tau txais 75 grams ntawm cov tseem kub.

Tau kub siv etching txoj kev

Leej twg yuav muaj kev xav, tiam sis tseem, txawm yog me nyuam, nyob rau txhua hnub muaj nyob rau hauv twb thiab hnab kub. Nws yog yooj yim - txhua SIM card rau ib tug xov tooj txawb muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm precious hlau. Nws yuav raug tshem tawm los yeej muaj. Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev: los ntawm electrolysis, los yog los ntawm etching. Rau lub caij nyoog kawg no xav tau ib tug tshuaj reagent "aqua regia".

Qhov yooj yim txoj kev yog suav tias yog etching, nyob rau hauv uas kub yog tau ua tsaug rau cov tshuaj inertness ntawm lub precious hlau - namely, nws muaj peev xwm yuav hnov mob nrog rau lwm cov ntsiab. Rau etching yuav tsum tau oxidizer "aqua regia", uas yog tsim los ntawm concentrated acids: hydrochloric, thiab nitric. Cov kua muaj ib tug txiv kab ntxwv-daj xim.

Kub los ntawm dej

Kub tsuas yog tau thiab tawm ntawm cov dej. Nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv nws, thiab nyob rau hauv tej: dej, tubrog nkoj, dej, tab sis nyob rau hauv heev me me qhov ntau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv marine nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug kev faib ua feem ntawm 4 mg ib tonne. Dua li no, extract nws yog tseem tau nrog kev pab los ntawm ceev txiv qaub, uas tsuas yuav siv sij hawm ib tug tuj 4.5 txhiab. Tons ntawm cov dej.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau txais cov kub ntawm hiav txwv dej yuav tsum sib tov nws nrog cov mis nyuj ntawm txiv qaub. Tom qab ib co sij hawm lub kua muab tso tawm rov qab mus rau hauv lub hiav txwv, thiab twb los ntawm cov txo rau extract lub precious hlau. Kirov engineers muaj lwm pov tseg-dawb sijhawm nyob rau hauv uas lub txiv qaub yog hloov los ntawm cov hmoov tshauv ntawm thermal fais fab nroj tsuag. Qhov no yog xam tias yog lub kawg kim ntawm tag nrho cov paub.

Golden kab mob

Nyob rau hauv Canada, zaum tau pom muaj cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm tso kub los ntawm ntau yam kev daws teeb meem. Amazing, tsis yog nws? Piv txwv li, tus kab mob muaj Delftia acidovorans tshuaj uas cia li allocates precious hlau los ntawm cov tshuaj. Thiab yog vim li cas tsis yog yooj yim - nws tsuas tiv thaiv, kev tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej los ntawm cov kub ions, uas yog tshuaj lom rau nws. Qhov thib ob kab mob Cupriavidus metallidurans, conversely, khw muag khoom noj rau hauv nws tus kheej.

Ob leeg pom nyob rau hauv 2006 nyob rau hauv lub "kub" mine. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia Canadians uas cov kab mob noog kub, raug tshuaj lom muaj peev xwm yuav zam vim qhov xwm ntawm cov noob.

Draghi

Kub tsuas yog nqa tawm thiab nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm Drago. Lawv hu ua floating tsuas cav, uas yog Dredging, mineral ua thiab lwm yam khoom, muab kev mechanization ntawm ntau lawm txheej txheem. Lawv txhawb cov zaub mov thiab khib pob zeb tshem tawm.

Purpose Drahov - dej nyab tsim mineral deposits thiab extract nqi Cheebtsam (kub, platinum, tin, etc.) Thov lawv tsuas yog nyob rau alluvial, talus, glubinno- thiab nqaum marine sediments thiab alluvial deposits. Cov xwb yog Valunistoye, hard pob zeb thiab nplaum nplaum.

hom Drahov

Draghi yog muab faib ua ob cov hoob kawm.

1. Tubrog nkoj, los ntawm cov uas deposits yog tsim nqaum thiab sib sib zog nqus mines nyob rau hauv cov pas dej thiab dej hiav txwv. Lawv yog mounted rau cov keel cab los yog self-propelled cov hlab ntsha, uas muab lub lag luam thaum lub sij hawm ib tug cua daj cua dub.
2. Continental, uas yog siv rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm deposits rau cov continents. Mounted rau lub pram.

Draghi txwv kom muab zais raws li:

• mloog zog, uas yog siv los ntawm lub actuators;
• sib sib zog nqus ua si nraum zoov pob zeb nyob rau hauv seem hauv qab no cov dej theem;
• qub siv lub tshuab (ib tug ntau ntawm thoob nrog ib tug tawg saw nrog ib tug tas mus li saw, teb complex, dragline thoob, muab lub thoob);
• peev xwm ntawm lub thoob (large-, medium- thiab me me-xaav);
• Maneuvering qauv (cable-thauj tog rau nkoj thiab cable-pawg).

Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation yog tam sim no siv dredge kev kub ntau lawm, mas yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Far Eastern Federal District. Txawm li cas los, ntau lawm ntawm xws li ib txoj kev yuav muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau ecosystem, rhuav tseg ua hauj lwm tej dej ntau kuab cheeb tsam, uas yog nyob rau downstream.

Yog li ntawd, qhov no txoj kev muaj peev xwm tsuas yog siv nrog ceev faj observance ntawm txoj kev loj hlob tej yaam num. Rau lawv siv yuav tsum av reclamation, uas tau ua txhaum los ntawm tsuas ua hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li reforestation, cov av thiab cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov hav dej hav.

Yuav ua li cas yuav ua rau ib tug dredge kev kub koj tus kheej

Muaj ntau yooj, kuv kub, yuav muaj nws tus kheej dredge, thaum ho tseg rau cov nqi raws li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no yog heev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov uas yooj yim txoj kev uas yuav ua rau nws nrog nws tus kheej txhais tes. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muas pheej yig heev, koj tseem yuav tsum tau tsim ib qhov nqi dredge.

Chiv, koj yuav tsum ua npe thiab los ua ke kos duab rau qhov no yuav tsum coj raws li ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub npe nrov tshaj dredge kev kub ntau lawm nyob rau lub caij. Nyob rau hauv hauv paus ntsiab lus, cov thawj theem - txoj kev kawm no, qhov ntau koj yuav paub txog lawv, yuav zoo dua, thiab ua tau zoo tshaj lawv tus kheej.

Ib txhia tseem ceeb cov ntsiab lus nrhiav tau nyob rau ib tug dog dig tseg, thiab yuav lawv rau tom ntej no mus tsis muaj dab tsi, xws li lub cav rau hauv lub tshuab. Tom ntej no koj yuav tau txiav txim seb qhov loj ntawm lub dredge, lub loj nws yog - lub ntau dua tus nqi ntawm cov av yuav tsum tau kho, tab sis nws hnyav thiab nqi yuav kuj muaj ntau tshaj li hais tias ntawm lub me me ua ke cov khoom.

Nws yog tsim nyog los tsim ib tug hose nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 12 cm, yuav tsum tau mus tiv nrog lub dredge koj tus kheej. Qhov tseem pom loj - nws yog 10 cm Yog hais tias koj xav tau compressed cua, nws yog tsim nyog mus yuav ib tug huab cua compressor, dhia cov khoom thiab cov huab cua inlet tank .. Txawm li cas los, qhov no tsis yog thawj zaug yuav tsum, nws yuav ua tau twb ces.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim kom muaj lub Desired apparatus, yuav tsum tau: lub cav nrog ib tug twj tso kua mis, ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov cuab yeej (hacksaw, rauj, ciaj ntswj, ntswj ntsia hlau). Nws tsis raug mob mus yuav welder. Koj muaj peev xwm yuav qhov chaw / siv, tab sis ib txhia tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb thiab teeb meem los yog trudnozamenimye, nws yog zoo dua mus yuav tshiab nyob rau hauv lub khw.

Ib txhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dredge yog feem ntau yooj yim sua kom nrog lawv tus kheej txhais tes, kom lawv tau mus yuav tag nrho cov tib: lub engine, cov dej twj tso kua mis, huab cua compressor, hose, rudopromyvochny chute. Tias lub ib yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ib feem, tsis muaj kub xwb yog tsis ntes, ntsig txog, rau tag nrho cov kev siv ntawm cov khoom yuav meaningless.

Tswb dredge yuav tsum tau teem mus xauv lub taub hau nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau nws qhia cov kwj ntawm cov dej thiab av nyob rau hauv nws. Lub suction valve nyob rau hauv lub twj tso kua mis yuav siv sij hawm dej (qhov no kuj yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb). Yog hais tias nws yog absorbed los ntawm cov xuab zeb, cov twj tso kua mis yuav sai sai zom, li ntawd nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau dredge tsis valve.

Hydraulic elevator yog nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub hose, cov dej yog txhab khoom mus rau thaum pib thiab tsim tau ib lub tshuab nqus tsev. Nws yog zoo dua rau siv ib tug xuas nozzle. Control tshaj loj dredges ua haujlwm of Elevator nyuaj, ces siv feem ntau mus rau me me machines, yog hais tias tus ua hauj lwm yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv dej ntiav ntiav.

Lub buoyancy ntawm tus dais - ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib theem ntawm lub dredge. Xyuas kom meej tias nws yog tau nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev. Chiv siv log tsheb los ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom, luj me ntsis thiab lawv yog pheej yig. Lub tsuas drawback yog tias kom tau lawv yog tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim raws li nws tej zaum yuav zoo li. Txawm li cas los, nws yuav tsum yog tus zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv.

Tam sim no, ntau manufacturers siv dredges Pontoons no yog ua los ntawm cov yas. Lawv yog cov heev txhim khu kev qha, tab sis kuj hnyav. Txawm li cas los, txawm no muaj ib tug ntau ntawm kev xaiv. Ib txhia dredges, uas yog sau nyob rau hauv tsev, muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm yas Pontoons. Ib tug interesting txoj kev - thaum uas siv cov yas ntim los yog tej kas tham, lub peev xwm ntawm uas mus txog rau 40 liters. Koj muaj peev xwm yuav lawv heev cheaply. Yog hais tias koj tsis mloog siv ib tug loj sum, tab sis npaj txhij mus yuav, ces nws yog yooj yim los mus yuav los ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus.

Ib qho tseem ceeb kom meej uas muaj feem xyuam rau lub buoyancy, tus ncej yog suav hais tias. Hais tias nws yog txuas lub cav thiab rudopromyvochny chute. Yog hais tias koj ua koj tus kheej, koj muaj peev xwm coj ib tug yooj yim txhuas daim uas yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau rau ntawm tej landfill. Nqi yog pheej yig, yuav luag tsis muaj dag zog yuav tsum tau. Yog hais tias koj tau txais ib tug ca ncej, ces nws cia li mounted lub log nyob rau hauv lub tsheb.

Check dredge ua hauj lwm yuav ua tau tom qab nws ua tiav los ua ke. Ua li no yuav siv sij hawm ob lub kaum os daim me me ntawm cov hlau lead, uas yog raws li thiab pleev xim rau nyob kaj lug xim. Lub pas dej yog dialed av, thiab lawv tso muaj. Nov yog nyob rau hauv nws thiab koj yuav tau sim tawm lub dredge. Saib ntau npaum li cas daim hlau lead yog rov qab tom qab ntxuav lub pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv lag luam tsuas tau dredge losses mus rau 2 daim. Yog hais tias ib tug ua tsis txaus, koj yuav tsum rov mus saib tag nrho cov rooj sib txoos ntawm lub tswvyim thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, nqa tawm ntxiv txhim kho.

Plans rau kub ntau lawm rau yav tom ntej

Tsawg yuav kub deposits, qhib lawv tam sim no feem ntau nyob rau hauv South Africa, thaum lwm tus neeg ho depleted, thiab deposits nrog tsawg thiab nruab nrab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov precious hlau los tsim ib tsab unprofitable.

Kws txawj twv hais tias mineral cov kev pab uas muaj xws li kub, nws yuav tau los tsim ntau lub hnub nyoog 50. Ces lawv khiav tawm. Cia li vim hais tias cov tib neeg nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no xyoo lawm yog khaus heev kub kawb pob zeb. Thiab nws yuav nyob rau hauv qhov yog thiab tsawg tsawg. Tam sim no peb muaj mus nrhiav tus tshiab lub sij hawm ntawm hlau ntau lawm rau lub xyoo tom ntej. Cov tseem pheej qauv no yog xam tias yog qhov kub leaching technology.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, ib tug ntau ntawm kev sib tham nrog hais txog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hiav txwv raws li ib tug tsis tau lwm txoj kev kub kawb pob zeb. Offshore Placer deposits ntau ntau, tab sis lub hauv qab yog tseem tsis to taub. Nws yog tau hais tias cov dej hiav txwv yog muab zais feem ntau ntawm cov zoo zoo nkauj tshooj hlau deposits. Peb xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav muaj mus nrhiav tau tawm.