Thov nrog ib tug khiav ceev: piv txwv. Ib tug khiav ceev nyob rau hauv ib tug complex kab lus

punctuation marks ua si ib tug loj luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Nws kuj muab sau F. Buslaev, qhia tias lawv pab txhawb kom muaj clarity ntawm kev xav. Sawv daws yeej paub cov kab lus los ntawm cov fairy taleas "Kaum Ob tug Hlis": "noj, Blogs". Qhov no yog ib tug ntshiab piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas cov cim muaj peev xwm hloov lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab lus.

Cim formatted ntawv nyeem, yog ib txwm ib tug kev sib tw. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyuaj staging ib tug khiav ceev nyob rau hauv lub proposals, ob qho tib si yooj yooj yim thiab complex. Qhov no yog piav los ntawm polysemy thiab ntau yam zog ntawm cov cim cim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nws yog nrhiav tau nrog ib tug semicolon.

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm tus khiav ceev nyob rau hauv ua ke

Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv faib tag nrho cov cim nyob rau hauv tso, nkauj nraug thiab faib. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yuav ua tau singles thiab doubles.

Nkauj nraug khiav ceev yog nruab nrab ntawm kev kawm thiab predicate, niaj hnub cov tswv cuab thiab generalizing lus nyob rau hauv tej yam yooj yim cov kab lus thiab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub complex: conjunctionless, tej zaum nrog union kev twb kev txuas. Es tawm raws li cov khub siv lub kos npe rau nrog daim ntawv sau npe qhib, thiab insert designs. Lwm (ntxiv) muaj nuj nqi ntawm tus khiav ceev - yog nqus rau hauv tsab ntawv muaj ib tug ncaj qha kev hais lus thiab kev sib tham. Yog li ib tug yuav txhais tau ib theem zuj zus ntawm kev ua nyob rau hauv lub formulation ntawm no cim cim: Nco ntsoov txoj cai thiab txhais tau lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug khiav ceev nyob rau hauv cov kab lus. Qhov no mus kom ze yuav pab tau kom sau txhob txwm tshaj tawm thiab tsis txhob cim kom raug.

Khiav ceev ntawm kev kawm thiab predicate

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws productions feem ntau yog cov cim - nyob rau hauv cov qauv sau ntawv qhia. Nws lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no muaj nqi hloov uas ploj lawm ib feem ntawm lub predicate, feem ntau yog nominal. Li no khiav ceev qhov chaw kawm tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no. Lub tswv yim txog "kev kawm rau khiav ceev qhia txog kev ua" yuav sib haum mus rau ib qho ntawm lub schemes:

• noun - noun (ob leeg nyob rau hauv lub nominative cov ntaub ntawv): "Siberia - lub loj heev thiab nplua nuj cheeb tsam ntawm Russia";
• infinitive - infinitive: "Learning - tsis tu ncua ua hauj lwm";
• noun - infinitive los yog infinitive - noun: "Koj zoo - tus cuj pwm kev cai lij choj ntawm lub neej ntawm cov neeg";
• tus nab npawj - lub tus nab npawj 'Tsib-rau - peb caug. "

Qhov no ua ntej lo lus, nws txhais tau tias qhov no yog ib txwm muab tso rau ib tug khiav ceev: "Pab cov neeg laus - ib tug kos npe rau ntawm zoo yug me nyuam." Lwm tau cov ntaub ntawv: infinitive - adverb nrog lub ntsiab lus (los sis lo lus nrhiav) lub xeev, tiam sis tsuas yog hais tias muaj yog ib zajlus kom so ntawm kev kawm thiab predicate: "Kuv tsis paub cov kev cai ntawm hla txoj kev - txaus ntshai rau lub neej."

Tire ruaj

Nws yuav tsum tau tseem yuav paub zoo thaum muaj ib tug cim cim ntawm cov kev kawm thiab predicate yog tsis muab. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, feem ntau tso cai cov cim uas tsis yog tsis ib txwm piav los ntawm tej yam yooj yim negligence. Ntawm no yog cov kev cai enshrined Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv:

• kawm - tus kheej hais lo lus, qhia txog kev ua - noun;
• ntawm lub ntsiab neeg qhia nominal ib feem ntawm kev hais lus, siv tsis zoo particle tsis tau los yog cov tsev koom nyiaj, raws li yog hais tias, zoo li, YUAV UA LI CAS zoo li;
• qhia txog kev ua - chaw, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsiav daim ntawv.

Ntawm no yog cov tau ua ke nrog dashes - piv txwv ntawm lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv ib tug hais lus: "Koj nyob nraum ib tug txiv neej nrog tsis kawg zog," "Hluas playboy tsis yog ib qho piv txwv rau raws li", "Nws ob lub qhov muag twb zoo li hluav taws", "Tus tub yog paub txaj muag thiab txaj muag."

Peb kuj yuav tsum nco ntsoov hauv qab no (uas yog tsis raws li feem ntau): "Lub Countess muaj ib tug neeg laus neeg" - ua ntej lub predicate noun, tau raug xa mus rau nws ib tug theem nrab neeg; "Zoo ntxim nyiam kawg cov neeg, qhov no neeg nuv ntses" - inversion (.. Xws li, qhov rov qab lo lus txiav txim).

Txawm hais tias nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias ib tug khiav ceev staged nyob rau hauv kab lus ntawm no hom yog tso cai nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab. Tus sau txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no - mus tsom tus nyeem ntawv lub mloog mus rau cov qhov tseem ceeb hais raug los yog predicate.

Ib tug khiav ceev nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim cov kab lus, syntactically thiab semantically tsis tiav

Heev feem ntau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov lus hais lus, uas yuav tsum yuav ruaj nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv, tej zaum koj yuav pom me ntsis tus neeg mob ntawm ploj lawm predicate (los sis theem nrab neeg). Lub ntsiab lus nws tsis raug kev txom nyem, tab sis tus tsim ua rau nws tsis yooj yim. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm ib tug tsis tiav lub tswv yim, nyob rau hauv uas ploj lawm neeg (feem ntau yog qhia txog kev ua) yog redundant. Yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav raws li nram no:

• Nws yooj yim rov qab los los ntawm lub ntsiab lus teb ( "thawj xws li nqaij, lub thib ob - ntses, li ntawd, peb yuav txiav txim kom tsis txhob peb tus kheej rau xam lav");
• nrog syntactic parallelism ( "Ntawm no - kuv tag nrho rau hauv lub hav zoov - kuv, rau lub teb - kuj yog kuv");
• nyob rau hauv cov lug qhov twg muaj ob npe - tus thawj nyob rau hauv lub dative, qhov thib ob nyob rau hauv lub accusative ( "Muam - menyuam roj hmab tus tij laug - tshuab").

Cim tsim ntawm homogeneous neeg

Muaj yog lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov chaw kawm ib tug khiav ceev nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim kab lus. Qhov no siv tau rau qhov chaw ib tug zaum kawg cim cim ntawm lub homogeneous cov nqe lus, qhov twg ib tug ob peb cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau qhia raws li zoo.

1. Uniform neeg - generalized lo lus ( "Daisies, cornflowers, neeb - qus paj zoo zoo nyob rau hauv ib tug vase").
2. Generalized lo lus: homogeneous nqe lus - ... ( "tom: Vitali, Jura, Sergey - sai li sai tau tuaj rau tus cawm").
3. Ntawm qhov chaw kis tus thib ob yog ib feem ntawm lub ob alliance txuas homogeneous lus ( "Master tsis tau tsuas yog loj hlob cus plaws tau txais cov qhua - thiab txawm muab nws ib tug hnia rau hauv txoj kev tawb khoom").
4. Thaum ntawm homogeneous neeg tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov fab ntxeev los yog surprises ( "Contrary rau kev ntshaw, nws twb tsis ntshai - zoo siab cov xov xwm").

Tso ib tug kos npe rau raws li qhov daim ntawv thov

Tire yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim kab lus thiab tus hais mav kos npe rau. Qhov no sib cais ntawm daim ntawv thov los yog cov kev xaiv ntawm cov tswv yim thiab plug designs. Tej zaum nyob rau hauv tej lub sijhawm nws yuav tsum tau hloov nrog ib tug tsis nco qab. Tab sis muaj mob qhov twg khiav ceev - tsuas tau cov cim. Tsis yuav yuam kev nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv qhia, yuav tau nco ntsoov cov lus kev cai.

Ntawm no yog cov feem ntau proposals nrog ib tug khiav ceev: highlight piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv sau npe.

1. Ua ntej nws yog tau muab tso rau qhov lo lus raws li nram no: "Tus hostess npaj noj qab - kua zaub ntawm ntses ntes tau thiab tshiab zaub nyias."
2. Nws muaj explanatory cim: "Cia li tawm mus rau lub lawj ntawm lub tswv - tseem heev muaj lus zoo siab txiv neej laus laus - ntev scrutinized lub npaj txhij txog qhua fim."
3. Lub nqi ua ntej defining lo lus: "Qab qab zib berries - txiv pos nphuab rau cov khoom qab zib, los delight ntawm tag nrho cov uas zaum nyob rau ntawm lub rooj."
4. Muab ib tug ntawm cov homogeneous cov nqe lus: "Nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj tuaj tag nrho: ib tug phauj laus, nkauj muam nraug nus - tus tub ntawm tus nyuam qhuav tuag txiv ntxawm, peb kwv tij txheeb ze nyob rau hauv nws niam lub sab."
5. Ib tug khiav ceev cais ntau homogeneous daim ntaub ntawv sau tseg los ntawm cov lus: "Otlichnitsa nrog rau cov thawj cov hoob kawm, ib tug active koom tes nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv tej dej num, cov nyiaj them yug thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub pab - Marina yuav tsis tau ib feem nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no nyiaj so koobtsheej."

Tso kos npe rau thaum qhib thiab insert designs

Lub tswv yim ntawm no zoo muaj peev xwm yuav commas, nkhaus, dashes. Yuav ua li cas tsis ua kom ib tug yuam kev nyob rau hauv kev xaiv cov kev kawm cov cim kos? Cov proposals yog yus muaj los ntawm ib tug khiav ceev?

Piv txwv illustrating no zoo cim feem ntau qhia tau tias cov lus qhib qauv:

• kis: "Me ntsis khw qhua, los yog - raws li lawv yog affectionately paub, thiab tus phooj ywg fwjchim luj kawg nkaus, thiab tus sau phau ntawv ntawm - inspirers ntawm tswv yim tshiab twb yeej ib txwm txais tos";
• qhia qhov kev xav ntawm tus sau (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no koj yuav tsum tau exclamation point los yog ib lo lus nug cim ua ntej lub khiav ceev): "Lub qhov kev pab cuam - ua li cas koj nyiam nws? - tau raug npaj raws li ib tug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm ib tug neeg. "

Thaum koj xaiv ib tug plug-nyob rau hauv designs yog Attendance siv dashes thiab koov.

Complex ua ke nrog rau cov coordinative thiab subordinate kev twb kev txuas

Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, dashes, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tsis yog lub ntsiab cim cim thiab tej zaum yuav siv es tsis txhob ntawm ib tug tsis nco qab. Xws li ib tug hloov yog vim lub fact uas tsom rua keywords los yog ib tug ua ke ntawd nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim txog, tshwj xeeb tsim ntawm suab kab lus.

Ntawm no yog cov piv txwv uas tsim nyog khiav ceev npe nrov nyob rau hauv ib tug complex kab lus nrog union kev twb kev txuas.

1. Kev sib raug zoo contrasting los yog surprises nyob rau hauv lub MTP (slozhnosochinennogo) "mus ib tug ntev straw rau cov dej - thiab nws yuav yooj yim ntab rau lub tsis ntws".
2. Ib tug los yog ob qho tib si ntawm cov SSP - denominative kab lus: "Ib tug lub sij hawm ntawd - thiab tus tub sab yog txoj cai nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm nws."
3. Lub spp (Tiabsis cov), Yog hais tias tsim nyog ua ntej lub ntsiab paranasal izjasnitelnyh, concessive thiab zwj ceeb: "Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm peb tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ib tug neeg knocks - tsis qhib lub qhov rooj!"
4. Rov muaj dua predicate qhia txog kev ua yog omitted nyob rau hauv ib los yog ntau qhov chaw ntawm ib tug complex kab lus: "Ib txhia hais tias hais tias xws li donations yuav txaus, lwm leej lwm tus - hais tias tus nqi tseem yuav tsum tau nce."
5. Lub spp uniform subordination ntawm lub paranasal nyob rau hauv lub pib: "Yuav ua li cas tshwm sim tom qab nws sab laug, yog vim li cas tus muam qhib lub qhov rooj mus rau ib tug neeg txawv - cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no, nws nrhiav tsis tau ib tug."

Ib tug khiav ceev nyob rau hauv ib tug complex kab lus uas muaj asyndetic link

Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv yog kom meej meej heev lub sij lub chaw ntawm cov cim nyob rau hauv lub BSP. Qhov loj tshaj plaws rau saib tawm rau - txoj cai teem cov neeg raug kaw nyob rau ntawd semantic kev sib raug zoo. Khiav ceev ntawm kab lus (predicative qhov chaw) BSP muab tso rau hauv ib tug ob peb lub sij hawm ntawd.

Nyob rau hauv thawj ib feem - ib tug hais txog ntawm lub sij hawm los yog kev mob ntawm ua txiav txim, "nyeem cov phau ntawv mus txog thaum kawg - mus rau caij." Xws li ib tug kev tau yooj yim kho lub NGN.

Qhov thib ob yog ib feem:

• Nws yog hais txog ib tug ceev hloov ntawm cov txheej xwm los yog npaj txhij txog kev tshwm sim: "Lub qhov rooj qhib - ib tug nrov npuaj";
• txwv mus rau tus thawj (= A): "tas sijhawm lawm los lub sij hawm ntev - tsis yog txhua txhua melancholy dhau";
• cov ntsiab lus mus rau ib tug tsim nyog tau los yog tshwm sim (= ces, li): "Kuv tsis rov qab los ntawm no - tsis ntev tag nrho yuav tsum tsis nco qab lawm";
• Nws comprises muab piv (= AS YOG zoo li no): "glyanet sidelong - hluav taws hlawv";
• koom nrog cov lus li ntawd nws, zoo li no: "Kaum hnub tom qab ntawd txhua yam yuav poob rau hauv qhov chaw - qhov no xav nplij thiab tshwm sim kev cia siab."

Yog li, ua ke nrog dashes (cov piv txwv uas peb tau muab nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm) nrog ib txoj kev paub ntawm cov kev cai yuav tsis ua heev npaum li teeb meem.