Feem ntau ntau yam - ob yam tib si schoolchildren thiab lawv niam lawv txiv - muaj lus nug txog lus spelling. Niaj hnub no peb tham txog "ib tug" sr. Muaj coob tus neeg, tsis paub txog cov nqi, ua ib tug ntau ntawm yuam kev nyob rau hauv qhov txawv ntawm lo lus uas muaj nws. Yog li ntawd cia wb mus ib me ntsis ntxaum mus rau hauv lub zoov nuj txeeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab qauv sau ntawv, saib yuav ua li cas sau ntawv ib co lus.
Nthuav keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm cov tom qab
Rau starters, koj yuav saib tau lub hauv paus pib ntawm no ib feem ntawm kev hais lus. Lub tom qab "mus rau" sawv ntev dhau los. Nws yuav pom, e.g., nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm txoj kev Moscow (Ilyinka; Sretenka; Salsola). Feem ntau, tej lo lus nrog lub suffix "ib tug" twb tau muab siv los ntawm cov neeg los txo thiab dav to taub li cas ib txhia tsis yooj yim lub tswv yim. Yog li ntawd cov neeg pib hu tus nees railway "Conca". Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no daim twb tsim los ntawm cov nqe lus. Piv txwv li, peb piav qhia txog lub tsim ntawm lo lus "daim card". Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Nruab nrab qhib tsab ntawv. Li no lub npe. Los yog coj ib qho piv txwv: lo lus "ib rab diav". Nws twb tsim los ntawm hauv paus "dag" uas yog lub ntsiab lus "overlay." Thiab yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv ..
Tswv yim philologists xam tau tias yog suffix
Txawm li cas los, ib co linguists ntseeg tau hais tias tej lo lus nrog lub suffix "mus rau" tiam peb hais lus, txhaws nws vulgarisms. Yog li ntawd, pib nyob ib ncig ntawm lub xyoo pua, nyob rau hauv cov lus muaj xws li lus raws li "lub poom dej", "haus luam yeeb chav tsev", "snuff" thiab thiaj on. Keepers ntawm lub classic Lavxias teb sab lus xws txo thiab simplifications twb tsis rau koj saj. Tseeb, lo lus tsis tau ntaus nqi rau tus "hais lus phem" qeb tsuas vim hais tias lawv tau ib tug neeg tsis nyiam. Nco ntsoov tias lub saum toj no piv txwv yog siv los pab txhawb los yog siv tej lus los yog lus-sib ntswg nrog no tom qab tsim ntawm nqe lus.
Tus nqi ntawm cov tom qab
Peb tam sim no xav txog tus nqi ntawm cov tom qab "ib tug". Yuav ua li cas yog cov lus nws tau tsim? Firstly, qhov no daim ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug qhia ntawm diminutive cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, "ceg", "cwj mem", "phau ntawv", "nas", "tus me nyuam" thiab thiaj on. Cov lus - tiag tiag li cov piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas lub diminutive suffix yuav siv tau "mus." Secondly, nrog rau qhov sib ntxiv ntawm "ib tug" daim ntawv hais txog poj niam npe derived ntawm cov npe ntawm professions los yog hauj lwm uas yog txiv neej. Piv txwv li: ib qho kev ua kis las - ib tug kis las; tub ntxhais kawm ntawv - menyuam kawm ntawv; lodger - lodger; so - so. Thirdly, qhov no daim ntaub ntawv cov lus rau cov khoom uas uas ua tej kev txiav txim. Ib tug yooj yim lo lus nrog lub suffix "ib tug" - "float" thiab "tau txais daim ntawv", "tej chaw", thiab hais txog. Plaub, nrog rau cov kev pab los ntawm "ib tug" daim ntawv lus denoting tej kev txiav txim. Piv txwv li, ib tug "ua hauj lwm", "bargain", "hack". Fifth, tej zaum "mus rau" ua raws li ib tug tom qab, pab kom peb mus qhia ib lub hom phiaj kev soj ntsuam ntawm ib yam khoom los yog kev txiav txim. Sixth, lub hais tsis zoo "ib tug" zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv lub npe raws li teej tug mus rau lub profession (nyob rau hauv tus poj), haiv neeg, qhov chaw nyob. Piv txwv li, "Lavxias teb sab poj niam", "Ukrainian", "Iyiv" thiab thiaj on.
suffixed nrog lo lus "mus" - piv txwv, raws li zoo raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev siv "mus rau" thiab "ck"
Raws li ib tug tom qab txoj kev tshiab lo lus los ntawm adjectives. Piv txwv li, nws yuav siv tau kom tau txais ib luv luv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov chaw ( "daring - bold", "ntse - tej"). Nws cov ntaub ntawv adjectives los ntawm npe xaus nyob rau hauv K, B, C ( "nrig - kulak", "Weaver - weaving"). Tam sim no wb tham txog qhov sib thooj ntawm ib daim, muaj nyob rau hauv lub siab lub suffix "k" thiab "ch". Lawv sau yuav tsum tau muab tshwj xeeb mloog. Piv txwv li, lub suffix "ch" yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv ib tug txheeb ze adjectives. Tus kwv tij adjectives yuav tsis tsim lub luv luv daim ntawv. Piv txwv li: "Fabkis - French", "Circassian - Circassian", "Tatar - Tatar," "Jew - Jewish." Nco ntsoov hais tias lub xeem tsab ntawv ntawm cov kev qhia tswj yog yeej ib txwm conserved (saib thiab tsom xam dua cov piv txwv).
Luv luv thiab txheeb ze adjectives - lawv tag nrog cov tom qab "ib tug"
Xam tias yog daim ntawv sau nyob rau adjectives txoj kev ua luv luv daim ntawv no, raws li zoo raws li tom qab tsab ntawv "n" ( "ua teeb meem", "Turkish"). Cov no yog cov lus uas muaj lub suffix "ib tug" (piv txwv): "nyob ze - ze", "low - tsis muaj". Muaj mob thaum lub kav ntawm ib lo lus xaus nyob rau hauv "HB" los yog "pi". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis txhob sau lub mos kos npe rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm "ck". Piv txwv li: "Siberia - Siberia", "Tyumen - Tyumen". Muaj kev zam rau qhov no yooj yim txoj cai: tus kwv tij adjectives uas tuaj ntawm lub npe ntawm lub hlis ntawm lub xyoo. Piv txwv li: "Kaum ib hlis", "Hlis ntuj nqeg", tab sis - "Lub ib hlis ntuj" thiab "tag nrho cov hnub ntev", "Tien Shan", thiab hais txog.
spelling cai "mus ua" thiab "ch" piv txwv
Yog hais tias tus kav ntawm ib lo lus, uas yog tsim los ntawm cov chaw xaus nrog tsab ntawv "d", "m", "n", cov consonants yeej ib txwm rua rau lub "ck" los yog "mus". Piv txwv li, "lub nroog - lub nroog", "German - German". Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas, yog hais tias tus kav xaus nyob rau hauv "ib tug", "b", lub adjectives ua ntej tsab ntawv "ib tug" yog sau "ts". Lo lus nrog cov tom qab "ib tug" tsim los ntawm txoj cai: "neeg nuv ntses - nuv ntses" los yog, piv txwv li, "weaver - weaving". Nco ntsoov tias cov mos mos kos npe rau nyob rau hauv lub tom qab "ch" yog sau tom qab lub "L" (piv txwv li - "Ural"), raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub chaw muab los ntawm lub npe ntawm lub hlis. Lub suffix "ib tug" daim ntawv cov lus uas muaj tav laus los yog dismissive laus. Piv txwv li, hais tias koj ntxiv rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov qhia txog kev nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los tense, "mus rau", ces ib tug poj niam tus, tus nqi ntawm uas yog "ib tug uas ua qhov kev txiav txim teev nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem." Qhov no tus muaj ib tug tinge ntawm kev tsis saib xyuas los yog playfulness ( "zaum - nurse", "hau - varilka," "thought - dumalka"). Peb tau soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv kom meej yuav ua li cas siv ib tug tom qab "ib tug" piv txwv vividly cov lus piv txwv nram qab no cov kev cai.
hais lus lus
Tam sim no peb yuav tsom ntsoov rau cov lus ntawm verbs. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, lawv muab faib ua lo lus-txoj kev thiab shaping. Tus thawj dluab ntawm cov lus tshiab, lub thib ob - tsuas yog hloov lawv zoo los yog lub sij hawm. Los ntawm lo lus-txoj kev lus muaj xws li "Island", "Eve", "yva," "Willow," "ts", "evyva", "Ene (et)", "Ene (nws)," "thiab" thiab "e ". Los ntawm shaping yog lus "L", "mus pw hav zoov" ( "mus pw hav zoov"), "tsib" ( "feeb"), thiab ib tug pes tsawg tom qab. Tam sim no saib txhua nyias thiab tsom xam cov tom qab, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntaub ntawv, txhua yam uas lawv sau.
preformative lus
Yog li ntawd preformative "ceg av qab teb" thiab "Eve." Cov lus no yog sau thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas qhia txog kev ua yog nyob rau hauv tas mus li daim ntawv no, nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los tense. Los yog sawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov thawj-tus neeg zoo tshaj, tam sim no los yog yav tom ntej lub sij hawm. Yuav tsum xaus nrog lub qhia txog kev ua kom "th" ( "Yu"). Piv txwv li: "Kuv nco - npeeg", "relish - hnov qhov qab", "cov lus qhuab qhia - cov lus qhuab qhia (cov lus qhuab qhia)," "hais kom ua - hais kom ua". Suav: "Scouting - Scouting," "otvedyvat - tsis" "provedyvat - provedyvat", "ferret - Scouting". Tsis txhob xav yuam kev rau qhov txawv ntawm verbs nyob rau hauv uas lub suffix "ts" yog ua ke nrog lub ntej cim "e / thiab."
Kom siv cov "yva" thiab "willow"
Lus "yva" los yog "Willow" yog sau thaum lub qhia txog kev ua yog nyob rau hauv lub infinitive daim ntawv thiab nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm tense (los yog nyob rau hauv thawj tus neeg), lub zoo tshaj, nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no los yog yav tom ntej tense. Yuav tsum xaus nrog lub qhia txog kev ua kom "yvayu" los yog "ivayu". Piv txwv li: "Kuv hais - hais", "forge - ntaus". Lwm suffix - "Malvinas" - yeej ib txwm ib tug poob siab nyob rau hauv verbs. Nco ntsoov tias nws yuav ua tau yooj yim tsis meej pem nrog zoo tib yam, "Eve" thiab "willow". Saib piv txwv li: "obvevat - obveyat", "mus ncuav rau - ncuav", "screwed", "lig", "xav txog". Tsuav txhob yog cov nram qab no lo lus: "tau daig", tab sis "daig", "ua rau", tab sis "tsis ncaj". Lub suffix "ovyva" yog xav tau ib tug poob siab. Cov cai no yog yooj yim - tom qab uas sov ib txwm sau tsab ntawv "E"! Tej yam yooj yim piv txwv: "uprooting", "obscure".
Spelling qhia txog kev ua suffix "Ene", "l" thiab ob peb lwm
Twb hais "Ene" ( "thiab") los yog "Ene" ( "nws") yog sau nyob rau hauv lub verbs, uas yog tsim nyob rau ntawm npe. Lawv yog cov tseem heev thiab feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv intransitive thiab transitive verbs. Nws yog tsim nyog los nco ntsoov tias nyob rau hauv lub intransitive spelled "en" ( "thiab"), thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev hloov mus - "en" ( "nws"). Ntawm no yog tej yam yooj yim thiab yooj yim uas yuav tau nco cov piv txwv ntawm "freeze," "ntsuab", "tig xiav," "pob zeb." Lwm haum ntau lus "thiab" thiab "e", thiab lawv cov kev siv nyob rau hauv lub hloov intransitive qhia txog kev ua. Piv txwv li: "dehydrate - obezvodet", "ntshav", "deforest". Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias tus qhia txog kev ua nws tus kheej - ib txoj kev hloov, nws yog sau "thiab". Yog hais tias qhov qhia txog kev yog intransitive, nws yog sau, "e". Tab sis txhua txhua kav muaj kev zam, ces lawv "lo", "dab noj hnub", "txuas hnub nyoog."
Ib me ntsis txog cov formative lus
Ib tug tseem ceeb sawv cev ntawm cov lus yog "L". Nws kom meej meej qhia cov yav tag los tense ntawm qhov qhia txog kev. Tsis tas li ntawd tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov lo lus. Nco ntsoov tias ua ntej nws yog tsim nyog los sau rau hauv tib lub cim raws li nyob rau hauv lub infinitive daim ntawv. Saib "coj mus - noj tam sim ntawd", "nkaum - khiav nkaum," "Framed - hloov". Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis hais qhov "Xia" ( "mus pw hav zoov") nyob rau hauv peb tsab xov xwm thiab ib tug tom qab. Firstly, nws yog hu ua recurrent thiab yeej ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov lo lus. Piv txwv li: "Tau", "rov qab", "ua", "da dej". Rau hauv sib piv, lub suffix "yuav" ( "ty") yeej tsis nkag mus rau hauv cov kav ntawm ib lo lus, nws yog pom xwb nyob rau hauv lub infinitive qhia txog kev ua. Xav txog qhov no piv txwv: "dag", "lub qhov ncauj", "ua", "sau", "nkaum", "saib". Nws tseem yog nqi xav, thiab pes tsawg tom qab, nws yog feem ntau ib tug qhia txog kev ua nyob rau hauv lub yav dhau los tense ntawm lub indicative mus ob peb vas masculine zoo tshaj li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub verbs nyob rau hauv lub zwj ceeb tense masculine zoo tshaj, verbs nyob rau hauv lub qho tseem ceeb mus ob peb vas. Piv txwv li lo lus: "muab", "hnub", "Sawv".
Diminutive lus Lavxias teb sab lus
Diminutive suffix - thiab vim li cas lawv xav tau? Thiab ntawm no yog cov lus teb: peb siv tau cov no lus rau kev sib txuas lus nrog cov me nyuam, cov tsiaj, conditionally, ntawm chav kawm, thaum peb tseem tabtom downplay dab tsi. Sai li sai tau raws li ib tug me nyuam pib mus hais lus, qhov zoo tshaj plaws nws paub cov lus uas muaj diminutive lus, qhov sawv daws yuav tias yog li ntawd feem ntau hnov los ntawm cov niam txiv los yog cov saib xyuas menyuam. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov lus nrog hais "yshk" ( "ishq"), "ushk" ( "yushk"). Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb - yog tsim nyog rau siv ib tug tom qab. Thiab tam sim no ntxiv txog lawv, pib nrog cov "ceev". Piv txwv tias, yog tej lus: "txiv neej - txiv neej", "lub hnab - ib lub hnab." Feem ntau, qhov no tom qab yog sau incorrectly. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv tau cov tshwm sim ntawm uas tsis, txaus yuav tsum paub hais tias "ceev" yog sau tias tus cim ntog nyob rau hauv declension lo lus rau tus neeg mob. Lwm zoo xws li cov - "IR". Muaj cov piv txwv, thiab cov uas nrog nws, "plab - plab", "luav - luav." Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub xov tooj ntawm tej hais yog enormous nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau sau nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm. Peb cia li ntsia ib co ntawm cov lus ntawm verbs thiab nouns, piv txwv ntawm lawv cov kev siv thiab daim ntawv thov. Peb cia siab tias qhov no yuav pab tau koj sau raug thiab tsis muaj yam uas tsis.