Symmetry hom

Lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ntawm symmetry qhia ntau kws tshawb fawb ntawm ancient Greece, Tuam Tshoj thiab Is Nrias teb. Txiav txim siab txaus siab nyob rau hauv symmetry nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm vim lub fact tias nws sawv cev rau ib tug era nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm ntawm synthesis ntawm ntau yam kev tswv yim, seemingly disparate, uas yog kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo ib yam thiab coherent daim duab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no.

Lub symmetry ntawm ntau zaum xa mus rau cov siv cwj pwm ntawm ua raws li lub sij hawm, qhov chaw, lub zog. Hom ntawm symmetry yuav ua tau: ib ntu; geometry; dynamic. Symmetry yuav manifested nyob rau hauv immutability (invariant).

Symmetry nyob rau hauv physics yog manifested tsis tsuas nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tej yam yooj yim (geometric) symmetry, tab sis kuj yog ib tug heev, yog li ntawd-hu ua dynamic symmetry, i.e. cov uas tsis txuam nrog lub spatio-sab nqaij daim tawv sib txheeb, thiab nrog ntau hom kev sib tshuam.

Los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm nqi koj tshuav ntawm lub qhov chaw ntawm tag nrho cov kev txiav txim thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm tej mob yuav txiav txim raws li nram no symmetries: symmetry; asymmetry; dissymmetry; antisymmetry; supersymmetry.

Asymmetry - ib tug tsis muaj symmetry. Nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, yog tsis muaj tsis symmetry thiab asymmetry. Cov antagonists yeej ib txwm nyob rau hauv dialectical kev sib sau thiab qhov nriaj. Thaum sib txawv theem ntawm cov evolution ntawm teeb meem dominates symmetry, lub asymmetry, tab sis nws yog ib txwm cov ob tendencies yog tam sim no raws li ib tug dialectical contradiction thiab kev sib sau.

Dissymmetry - yog cov tsis muaj chaw ntawm ib co cov ntsiab ntawm symmetry. Raws li Pasteur, dissymmetric yuav hu ua xws li ib tug duab uas tsis tau ua ke nrog rau imposition ntawm ib daim iav duab. Cov theem ntawm symmetry ntawm tus kwv yuav ua tau arbitrarily loj.

Antisymmetry - yog qhov fab ntxeev ntawm symmetry. Nws yog txuam nrog qhov kev hloov ntawm kos npe rau: ib tug particle - antiparticle, plus - rho tawm, dawb - dub, compression - nro thiab thiaj li nyob.

Nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nws twb tsim lub tswv yim ntawm supersymmetry, npaj los ntawm Lavxias teb sab thom Gelfand thiab Lichtmann. Lawv lub tswv yim yog raws li nram no: Nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam, muaj yog li ib txwm dimension, yog li ntawd, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau tshaj dimension, ntsuas nyob rau hauv thiaj li hu ua Grassmann xov tooj uas yog heev txawv txawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv peb li ib txwm ua lej yim khoo los ntawm cuaj yuav tsum yog tib yam li hais tias peb huaj vam coob cuaj yim. Nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv, Grassman "ib tug" khoo los ntawm "c" yuav yog ib rho tawm "nyob rau hauv" khoo los ntawm "ib tug". Qhov no presupposes lub hav zoov ntawm cov zauv formalism ntawm tej yam "antiworlds".

Hom ntawm symmetry tej zaum yuav suav hais tias yog li ntawd-hu ua symmetry hauj lwm. Faib hauj lwm xws li ib tug thiaj dav hlau; kev sib hloov hais txog ib axis; reflected nyob rau hauv qhov chaw; muaj hau ntswj koj lem, thiab lwm tus neeg.

Ob sab sib dho symmetry yog feem ntau kom meej meej sawv cev nyob rau hauv biology. Ib tug piv txwv ntawm no symmetry yog zoo nkauj thiab structurally nyuab qauv nyob rau hauv npauj npaim tis.

Ob sab sib dho symmetry sawv nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kev xav tau ntawm tus kab mob yuav tawm mus nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw nyob rau hauv raws li cov kev cov hom phiaj. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam rau lub nruab nrog tsab ntawv tsa suab: ob txhais ceg kab laug sab, crustaceans, amphibians, kab, tsiaj thiab cov tsiaj reptiles, cov tis ntawm puav thiab noog, fins nyob rau hauv lampreys, squid, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, ntses, dolphins thiab whales.

Lub cev uas tswj lub zog, lub paj hlwb ntawm tus txiv neej thiab tsiaj txhu, dhau lawm, muaj ib tug zoo li symmetry. Obviously, nws yog yooj yim los saib xyuas ob txhais ceg, tis los yog fins nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nquag txav nyob ib ncig ntawm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj colliding nrog rau ntau yam khoom, kev tswj cov nqi koj tshuav ntawm lub cev, mus nqa tawm ib tug leej tsaws thiab ua lwm yam movements.

Yog li, peb tau kawm qee yam zoo ib yam.