Pedagogical anthropology thiab nws cov kev sib raug zoo muaj nuj nqi

Niaj hnub nimno pedagogy tau ncaim mus ob peb theem nyob rau hauv nws txoj kev loj hlob raws li ib tug science. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog pedagogical anthropology - cov lus qhuab qhia uas tau raug dua raug kev tsim txom rau ideological yog vim li cas nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau xws li ib tug "thorny txoj kev" yog dab tsi nws tau yuav tsum tau xav txog rau txoj kev kawm tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug ua los ntawm kev systematic tib neeg raug tus kab mob rau formal tsev ntawm lub xeev thiab zej zog, tab sis kuj tsis yog-chaw yam tseem ceeb ntawm cov xwm, caj, puag ncig kev vaj tse. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim pedagogical anthropology yog ib tug kev qhia uas yog zoo correlated nrog xws li disciplines li psychology, Sociology, Psychiatry, keeb kwm, noob caj noob ces, etc.

Nrog kev xav txog cov teeb meem ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm ntawv, qhov no meant tias cov kev kawm lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv yuav tsum tsis txhob muab suav hais tias raws li hom nyob rau hauv relation mus lwm yam, los sis txawm ib zaug xwb (muaj ib co hypotheses). Raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub scientific kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug tsawg lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub upbringing ntawm kev ua si thiab lub hom phiaj ib puag ncig - zej zog, tsev neeg, lub mentality ntawm cov neeg, kev cai thiab kev ntseeg, thiab txawm climatic tej yam kev mob.

Based on no thesis, puas siab puas ntsws thiab pedagogical anthropology argues uas ntse cuag lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm ntawv yuav tsum nqa koj mus rau hauv tus account lub achievements ntawm ntau yam sciences, nyob qhov twg, raws li stated Ushinsky, "tshawb nrhiav lub cev thiab kev puas hlwb" xwm ntawm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv 20th - 30th xyoo ntawm XX xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union tsim ib tug tag nrho scientific lub tsev kawm ntawv cov xib fwb, anthropologists, uas hais txog qhov yuav tsum tau rau ib tug kev mus kom ze rau lub determinants ntawm kev kawm ntawv.

Cov qhov tseem ceeb cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev kawm ntawv no - Ushinsky, Sevostyanov, Uznadze. Cov feem ntau lug siv nyob rau hauv lub scientific thiab qhia lub zej lub zos tau txais pedagogical anthropology Ushinsky. Uas yog vim li cas Ushinsky los ntawm kev koom nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub Soviet system ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv kev kawm ntawv, txawm muaj los tsim tsis yog ib tug xib fwb kev cob qhia tsev thiab faculties, thiab anthropological. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias xws li ib txoj kev yuav kom cov expansion ntawm cov kev txwv ntawm tib neeg tsis pom kev thiab kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no thiab, thiaj li, pab mus rau tsim ntawm lub Soviet txiv neej ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej.

Ushinsky thiab pedagogical anthropology siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm tag nrho cov-round kev loj hlob ntawm cov cwm pwm, uas yog tsis txaus los qhia ib tug neeg nyeem ntawv, sau ntawv thiab suav. Xws li ib tug ib tug-ib tog kev kawm ntawv, raws li cov xib fwb, anthropologists, tej zaum yuav ua rau lub fact tias cov neeg loj hlob heev unadapted mus rau lub tej yam kev mob ntawm sai hloov kev muaj tiag, thiab yog li ua ib tug "ballast" nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug tshiab zej zog, uas yog hais txog ib tug communist. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, qhov no txhais hais tias txhua txhua tus kws qhia ntawv thiab kawm yuav tsum tau npaj nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug txoj kev raws li yuav tsum tau siv ib yam ntawm cov lus tseeb ntawm kev muaj tiag rau kev kawm ntawv. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tag nrho cov yam nyob rau hauv lub cim thiab kev xav ntawm cov tub ntxhais tiam ntawm zoo yuav ua tau tiav.

Soviet pedagogical anthropology taw tawm no uas koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm cov kev tshaj pedagogical kev ntawm Western teb chaws Europe thiab lwm lub teb chaws, tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob blindly daim ntawv rau lawv, raws li nws yog nws tus kheej tsis tooj mus rau lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov pedagogical anthropologism.

Meej pem anthropologism nyob rau hauv pedagogy yuav siv sij hawm mus rau hauv kev saib xyuas tag nrho cov kev sib raug zoo, kev cai, kev puas hlwb, keeb kwm thiab kev nom kev tswv kev tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev tsim tsa ntawm tus uas predispose kom nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm psycho-physiological yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg. Nug txog cov ua ke ntawm socio-cultural thiab psycho-lub cev cheebtsam hauv kev kawm ntawv, kev qhia ntawv anthropologism nws xav siv li ib kauj lub hauv paus ntsiab lus prirodosoobraznosti, uas yog mus muab sib haum xeeb nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm kom ua tau ob lub natural sciences thiab humanities lub.