Suav kab lis kev cai

Nyob ib ncig ntawm txij li thaum 1871, sociologists, anthropologists, zaum tsim txawv classifications ntawm haiv neeg, uas, nyob rau hauv lub kawg, tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug classical qauv, uas lub 164 tshwm sim nyob rau tib neeg keeb kwm lub caij nplooj zeeg nyob rau hauv lub macroscopic txhais ntawm kab lis kev cai. Qhov no union ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntawm sab ntsuj plig treasures, lub cuab yeej cuab tam rau cov tib neeg, tsim nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm nws keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nws yog hais txog sab ntsuj plig sib nrauj, xws li ntaub ntawv, kos duab, science, philosophy.

Suav kab lis kev cai - Zhonghua Wenhua, kuj raug xa mus rau raws li Huaxia Wenhua (Huaxia - lub ancient lub npe ntawm lub teb chaws) - ib tug tshwj xeeb tshwm sim uas sawv cev rau ib pawg ntawm cov kev Suav sib nrauj: xav, tswv yim, views, thiab lawv embodiment nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub, txoj, kos duab, ntaub ntawv, painting , suab paj nruag, martial arts, cuisine.

Peb tseem ceeb heev nta tuab nws - lub antiquity, laaj thiab kam rau ua.

Xwb, nws yog tus hiob nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm tib neeg, uas twb muaj lawm ntau tshaj li 5,000 xyoo. Suav kab lis kev cai yog crystallized los ntawm peb qhov chaw: hauv lub Daj Hav dej civilization, tus civilization ntawm tus Great dej (Yangtze), lub sab qaum teb steppe kab lis kev cai.

Nws tseem unchanged txij li thaum nws inception. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntiaj teb, muaj ntau yam zoo kawg civilizations, nto moo nplua nuj haiv neeg, tab sis tsis tau ciaj sia rau peb lub sij hawm, Tsis zoo li Tuam Tshoj.

Tag nrho cov txawv teb chaws influences sib haum xeeb assimilated mus rau hauv Suav kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Tuam Tshoj yeej tsis tau ib tug loj-scale kev tsov kev rog nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas thaj av. Peb kev ntseeg (Buddhism, Islam, cov ntseeg Vajtswv) yog dawb do faib rau ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws Ottoman.

Cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub teb chaws no cais mus rau hauv lub nram no: cov neeg tseem ceeb, ancient, niaj hnub, thiab pej xeem cov.

Cov neeg tseem ceeb Suav kab lis kev cai - ib tug tsi ntawm thematic. Nws yog txuam nrog mas nuj nqis nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws, uas pab npaum li cas rau nws txoj kev loj hlob.

Ancient kab lis kev cai ntawm Tuam Tshoj, uas yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ya ntawm Suav kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, txwv kom muab zais los ntawm lub sij hawm (los yog dynasty) txij li thaum lub reign ntawm peb dynasties ntawm Xia, Shang, Zhou thiab ua ntej 1840 (thaum pib ntawm lub thawj Opium ua tsov ua rog). Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog rau raug nta: Suav kev lig kev cai ntawm calligraphy, painting, suab paj nruag, opera, kev kawm ntawv, philosophy, economics, science, kev nom kev tswv thiab thiaj li nyob.

Rau ntau tiam neeg, cov kev soj ntsuam ntawm pom zoo tias niaj hnub economic hwj chim ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub fact tias Tuam Tshoj nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm twb tau mus tsim thiab txuag ib tug zoo kab lis kev cai, ua tsaug rau multi-ethnic zej zog uas muaj stability thiab kev sib raug zoo.

Nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj, lub tsev mus rau 56 pawg haiv neeg, txhua yam uas lawv muaj nws tus kheej, lub sij hawm-siab, thiab kab lis kev cai. Folk music, seev cev, rituals thiab kev ntseeg, myths xwb thiab legends, kos duab thiab architecture.

Ub thiab niaj hnub kab lis kev cai faib tsom pib Opium ua tsov ua rog ntawm cov British faj tim teb chaws thiab Tuam Tshoj thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm lub Qing Dynasty (1636-1911). Milestone nyob rau hauv kev faib raws nkaus Ii nrog pib ntawm cov niaj hnub keeb kwm ntawm lub teb chaws, ua ntej lub sij hawm muaj ib tug cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv nws internal affairs los ntawm txawv teb chaws lub xeev.

Kawm Suav kab lis kev cai - ib tug "me nyuam ntawm mixed ntshav," ib ob leeg "kev kawm ntawv" thiab Western lig kev cai.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub quintessence ntawm Suav kab lis kev cai?

1. Thawj ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib lub Confucian ethics, uas yog raws li lub siab tshaj plaws kev qhia ntawm Suav kab lis kev cai. Lug siv nyob rau hauv lub post-Confucian thiab Confucian philosophy yog tus classic txhais ntawm "Lee".

"Li" tsis yog ib tug kev kwv, tab sis, theej ib tug paub daws teeb lub tswv yim, hais txog ib yam ntawm cov secular kev khiav dej num ntawm lub neej txhua hnub, uas yog akin rau Western xav tias lub tswvyim ntawm "kab lis kev cai". Qhov no kev lis kev cai, tej kab ke, kev cai, kev cai thiab cwj pwm zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau koj nco ntsoov tias txawm hais tias lo lus "yog" yog txhais li "ritual", nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb lub ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv Confucianism (raws li txwv mus rau li ib txwm kev cai dab qhuas qhov tseem ceeb). Nyob rau hauv Confucianism kev ua nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub yog xam ritual. Lawv tsis tas yuav muaj yuav ncaav, tab sis nws yog ib tug ib txwm txoj kev, monotonous, neeg kho tshuab ua hauj lwm ua, ib yam dab tsi uas cov neeg consciously los looj hlias koom nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lawv lub neej zoo. Rituals ( "Lee") yuav npaj ib tug noj qab nyob zoo lub neej, uas yog ib tug ntawm lub ntsiab hom phiaj ntawm Confucianism.

2. Basic ntsiab txog qhov xwm ntawm cov neeg, formulated Mencius, uas yuav lav hais tias muaj yog ib tug tsis tseem ceeb goodness ntawm tib neeg zoo, uas yuav tsum tau tsuas muaj tej yam zoo zej zog.

3. Cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm universal hlub Mo Tzu.

4. Tao thiab Te - Ob tug Principles of Philosophy ntawm Lao-Tzu.

5. Lub views ntawm lub duab ntawm lub Han Fei.

Tag nrho cov theories tau tsim raws li cov uas nrhiav tau ntawm lub exclusiveness ntawm tus txiv neej thiab cov xwm. Sab ntsuj plig Culture ntawm Tuam Tshoj los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm philosophical thiab ideological lig kev cai. Thaum tus thawj dynasty nyob rau hauv cov ntseeg lub neej zoo heev pawg shamanism. Nws lub tswv yim los tom qab kev cai ces xws li cov cult ntawm pog koob yawg koob thiab lub ntuj philosophy.