Sib lawv liag rooj Turgenev. Lub neej thiab lub Works of JS Turgenev: sib lawv liag rooj

Turgenev txoj hmoo uas zoo txaus siab rau kev soj ntsuam vim hais tias nyeem thiab tiag tiag li cov txheej xwm ncaj qha mus txog rau lub complex txoj hmoo ntawm cov motherland. Vim cov haib txuj ci ntawm cov kws ntawv nyeem tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb no twb tau mus ntsib nrog tus amazing thiab unforgettable tej hauj lwm uas nkag mus hauv lub annals ntawm keeb kwm. Rau ze li ntawm ib nrab xyoo pua peb muaj nrog kev ris txiaj thiab awe kom nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm nyiam cov phau ntawv los ntawm Turgenev thiab kawm los ntawm nws lub peev xwm los nkag siab thiab xav tias txoj kev zoo nkauj ntawm nws lub teb chaws, kev sib hwm rau lub meej mom thiab tus nqi txoj kev ywj pheej, raws li lub zoo tshaj plaws khoom plig.

Cov kev siv ntawm ib tug sib lawv liag rooj

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm tej keeb kwm ntu, cov theem ntawm ib tug civilization los yog lub tswv yim zoo txhim ntawm daim duab tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb miv tas yuav tsum tau sib lawv liag lub rooj. Turgenev yog thawj lub sij hawm peb yuav pib mus tshawb cov tsev kawm ntawv, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv qib 5 - yog ib tug kov ub kov no zaj dab neeg ntawm Gerasim thiab Mumu, 6 th - qhov luv luv zaj dab neeg "Bezhin tiaj nyom", thiab ces - "Lub Xyooj", "Asya", "" Thawj Hlub "thiab" Kwv huam nyob rau hauv luag ".

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tom ntej peb tuaj mus rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog lub loj nws ua hauj lwm - novels, uas tau coj lub yeeb koob rau Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv thiab yeej txoj kev hlub ntawm txawv teb chaws txawj nyeem ntawv. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv txhua theem ntawm kev kawm rau hauv lub biography ntawm lub txawj sau ntawv, peb twb kawm txog nws tus tshiab tseeb uas yuav pab peb to taub zoo dua cov ua hauj lwm ntawm no txawv tshaj plaw txiv neej. Indispensable kev pab yuav ntawm no biographic sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm Turgenev, uas tso cai rau koj mus npaj ntaub ntawv, qhia hais tias tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus thiab qhia lub zog ntawm cov txheej xwm.

Txij li thaum lub hauv paus pib

Turgenev sib lawv liag rooj thaum ua hauj lwm nrog nws nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv hauv tsev kawm ntawv, ntawm chav kawm, pib nrog lub ntsiab kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov neeg raug - los ntawm lub caij nws yug los. Qhov no - lub starting taw tes ntawm tag nrho cov ntxiv hmoo. Yug txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub ancient Lavxias teb sab nroog ntawm Orel, Lub kaum hli ntuj 28 (Kaum ib hlis 9) nyob rau hauv 1818. Cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm leej txiv yog cov tus hiob paub, lub roj ntsha nom tswv cajceg, ib zaug ua si ib tug muaj koob lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws lub keeb kwm. Maternal pog koob yawg koob kuj tsis txawv ib tug nom tswv cajceg, tab sis nplua nuj. Sib lawv liag rooj Turgenev yuav tsum tau kuj muaj xws li ib tug hais txog ntawm tsev neeg zes - Spasskoe- Lutovinovo, uas los ua ib tug txawj sau ntawv rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug txoj kev hlub rau Russia thiab ib tug passionate kev sib ntxub rau serfdom.

Childhood thiab tiav hluas

txawj sau ntawv Diaries nquam paj nquam nruas ib tug tshwj xeeb lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Ivan Sergeyevich nws niam, Varvara Petrovna Lutovinovo. Thaum tso ua ke sib lawv liag rooj Turgenev, qhia me ntsis rau peb txog qhov no txawv tshaj plaw thiab muaj teeb meem poj niam yog tsim nyog. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj ntau yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws tus cwj pwm, thiab txawm ntau ntawm cov txheej xwm ntawm lub neej yog thaws rov los nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau heroes - tus hluas nkauj ntawm "Mumu" Glafira Petrovna ntawm "Noble zes", lub pog ntawm "Punin thiab Baburin." kheej ntawm lub txiv, dhau lawm, tau tshuav nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv indelible cim. Vim hais tias lawv liag rooj Turgenev yuav tsum qhia me ntsis txog lub complex kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv, vim hais tias lawv pom lub artistic thiaj yuav nyob rau ib qho ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws lyrical novels - "Thawj Kev Hlub".

Kev kawm ntawv thiab thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm

1827 - ib tug tseem ceeb hnub ntawm uas ruaj hloov Biography Turgenev. Sib lawv liag rooj yuav tsum muaj xws li nws vim hais tias xyoo no cov txawj sau ntawv lub tsev neeg tsiv mus rau Moscow. Thiab tom qab uas ib tug neeg twg lub neej nyob rau hauv lub manor, nrog nws zoo-tsim txoj kev ntawm lub neej, ib tug me me lub vajvoog ntawm cov phooj ywg, tsev kawm ntawv, muaj ib tug kev cais ntawm Ivan Sergeyevich mus rau ib tug tshiab hav zoov - nyob rau hauv ib tug loj lub nroog, nyob rau hauv private nce tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais kev cob qhia los university kev kawm ntawv.

Hlis Ntuj xyoo 1833 - mus kawm rau hauv University of Moscow, 1834 - txhais ua Petersburg rau cov lus hais department philosophical kws qhia ntawv. Thaum lub sij hawm cov xyoo, cov tub ntxhais me nyuam kawm ntawv pib mus sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv cov paj huam thiab ua yeeb yam. Ib tug thawj ntawm nws critic Piotr Pletnev yuav ze rau txhua Pushkina. Ntxiv me nyuam kawm ntawv biography Turgenev (sib lawv liag rooj nws fixes) yog twb txawv teb chaws, nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov twg nws raug xa mus nyob rau hauv 1838. Tsis tsuas yog philosophy, tab sis kuj cov kev taw qhia rau cov Western nom tswv tiam sis, paub nrog hnyav kev taw thiab ideologies ua ib tug tiag tiag txhob nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm Turgenev cwm pwm. Holland, Fabkis thiab Ltalis tau kuj tau ib tug loj lub tswv yim rau lub neej yav tom ntej sau ntawv. Yuav kom qhov no lub sij hawm belongs, thiab yees duab Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich ua ib tug portrait ntawm nws thiab sawv cev rau koj hauv qab no (K.A.Gorbunov sau, 1838-1839.).

Tus thawj paub

Homecoming, xeem rau master degree, muaj ib tug lub siab xav mus qhia - nws tag nrho cov ntog rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub 40s. Turgenev - ib tug xib fwb ntawm philosophy, tab sis nyob rau hauv Russia nws yog Nicholas txwv. Thiab yog li ntawd Ivan Sergeyevich yuav official. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1843 nws luam tawm nyob rau hauv luam paj huam "Paracha" - lub thawj yeej muaj tseeb Turgenev txoj hauj lwm, thiab nws yog twb dotted teem amazing poj niam tus cwj pwm, yeej cov zajlus lub npe ntawm "Turgenev ntxhais".

Photo Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich yog ib tug daguerreotype, sau hnub tim 1840 mi xyoo. Tenacious, attentive gaze, furrowed brows thiab sib sib zog nqus furrow nruab nrab ntawm lawv qhia ib tug loj thought. Vim hais tias sai sai no, nyob rau hauv 1847, cov dab neeg yog pib los mam, uas ces ua li tus sau, uas tau coj koob meej thiab paub kom cov txawj sau ntawv - "sketches", "Mumu" thiab lwm tus neeg. Yog li ntawd nco ntsoov kos hnub nyob rau hauv ncua sij hawm! Tom qab tag nrho cov dab neeg uas Turgenev - ib tug tiag tiag encyclopedia ntawm pej xeem lub neej, lub teb chaws lub neej kev, muab qhia tawm ntawm lub subtleties ntawm lub psychology ntawm ib tug yooj yim Lavxias teb sab txiv neej.

Txuas mus rau Spasskoye

Lub npe ntawm tus kws yog coj los ntawm cov censor rau cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws raug xa mus rau hauv exile nyob rau hauv lub tsev neeg qub txeeg qub tes txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg 1853. Herzen tsis yog rau ib yam dab tsi hu ua cov dab neeg uas Turgenev lub "foob ntawm serfdom." Nyob rau txoj hmoo ntawm qhuav tes qhuav taw, puas cia siab derailed lub neej narrate "txiv pos Dej" thiab "Ermolai thiab Miller." "Singers" Amazing sab ntsuj plig kev zoo nkauj thiab txuj ci ntawm cov neeg qhia nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm. Dejnum los ntawm serfdom yog muaj nyob rau hauv txhua txhua zaj dabneeg.

"Sau ntawv ntawm ib tug saib xyuas" los ua tus thawj tseem ceeb pab ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug relentless nriaj tiv thaiv txaj muag ua cev qhev. Yog li ntawd yuav tau txais qhov kev siv ntawm "Hannibal cog", qhov no tam sim no Turgenev nyob rau hauv nws cov tub ntxhais hluas. Thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb heev point. Nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg twb muaj tus Xib Hwb txhais tes - zoo singer ntawm Lavxias teb sab, thiab amazing style, kev paub qhia lo lus, uas tus neeg tshawb fawb kuj hu ua "Turgenev." lwm VG Belinsky rightly menyuam cov zajlus txuj ci ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv.

"Lub ntug ntawm lwm lub zes"

Turgenev lub neej - nyob mus ib txhis nrhiav qhov tseeb, lub siab xav to taub lub "mysterious Lavxias teb sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg." Nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb txuj ci: pom, xav tias cia li tawm tswv yim ntawm kev xav, mus saib tau tus tshiab cov cim tshwm nyob rau theem ntawm kev sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv nriaj, thiab tso saib lawv nyob hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub hlwb logic ntawm Turgenev tus prose thiab paj huam ntawm nws narrative yam. Thiab tsis tau - hais txog kev hlub.

Lub ntsiab ntawm txoj kev hlub yog ib yam ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov novels ntawm tus kws, nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm nws novels. Hlub nws cov tshev mis tus nqi ntawm cov cim, lawv ua raws li lub siab nyob qib neeg. Los ntawm tus kheej lub neej ntawm nws cov cim, Ivan Sergeyevich imposes lub feem ntau stringent uas yuav tsum tau. Vim li cas thiaj? Tej zaum, vim hais tias tus kheej lub neej Turgenev hloov zuj zuj heev dramatically. Polina Viardo, Fabkis opera singer, los ua nws muse, unattainable npau suav, thiab nws tsev neeg thiab lub neej - nws tsev neeg thiab nws lub tsev, tab sis lub ntug ntawm lub "alien zes." Rau nws tias nws tsis tau ua. Txawm cov kws ntawv tus ntxhais, yug los ntawm cov vaj ntxhais rov qab rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm nws cov hluas, twb tsa nyob rau hauv ib tsev neeg Viardot. Yuav kom ib co raws li lub neej ntawm Turgenev twb muab faib ua ob halves - ua ntej nws tau ntsib Paulina thiab tom qab. Yog li ntawd, 1843 yuav tsum tau cim nyob rau hauv ncua sij hawm thiab txawm nyob rau hauv no hais txog, cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev tshwm sim rau Ivan Sergeyevich.

Kev koom tes thiab so nrog cov "Kawm"

Sib lawv liag lub rooj ntawm Turgenev lub neej yuav tsum tau mus ntxiv xws nuj nqis raws li nyob rau hauv 1850 - pib ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Nekrasov "Kawm", kev phooj ywg thiab ideological kev koom tes nrog cov kev ywj pheej intelligentsia: Nekrasov, Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky thiab lwm tus neeg. 1855 - sau ntawv "Rudin" tshiab, 1859 - lub rov tshwm sim ntawm "Noble zes", 1860 - creation ntawm lub "Hmo"; 1862 - tso tawm ntawm lub "txiv thiab tub" tshiab.

Txhua yam ntawm tus ua hauj lwm qhia rau cov pej xeem - cov lus teb rau lo lus nug hais txog dab tsi muaj peev xwm thiab yuav tsum tam sim no tus cwj pwm, zoo pej xeem daim duab. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev sib thiab kev nom kev tswv views ntawm tus kws tended mus rau lub Liberals, nws ntseeg hais tias lub neej nyob rau hauv Russia yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm tsoom fwv lub kho kom zoo thiab kiv puag ncig tsis coj nws kev nruj kev tsiv thiab cov neeg raug. Literature, tshwj xeeb yog Turgenev hais rau nws twb tsis muaj txoj cai mus hu "Russia rau lub taus." Nyob rau daim duab neeg ua hauj lwm muaj ib tug yawm lub luag hauj lwm, vim hais tias lawv pab mus rau tsim ntawm pej xeem nco qab. Ib tug kiv puag ncig ntshai yuav tsis nqa dab tsi zoo rau cov neeg. Nyob rau qhov no vim, nyob rau hauv 1860, kev sib raug zoo nrog cov coj noj coj ntawm "Kawm" los ua ib tug txawj sau ntawv yog tsis tshua muaj tense, thiab nyob rau hauv 1861 kiag li lawm. hnub no yuav tsum tau tas tsau mus rau lub sib lawv liag scale biography ntawm Turgenev.

nyob txawv teb chaws

Cov pib taw tes ntawm ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Ivan Sergeyevich - 1863. Nws mus txawv teb chaws, mus rau Fabkis, nyob nrog nws tsev neeg Viardot, nws koom tes nrog nws tus txiv nyob rau hauv lub zos xov xwm. Muaj sau nws zoo tshaj plaws tej yam kawg - tshiab "Haus luam yeeb" thiab "nkauj xwb av," thiab zaj dab neeg "Caij nplooj ntoos hlav Dej". Tom tsev, nws tej zaum los nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, sau cia nrog kev tu siab tawm hauv ib co kua nplaum ntawm yav dhau los kab lis kev cai ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 1870s, thaum ib tug tshiab yoj ntawm kev liberation zog revived kev sib nrig sib txaus siab ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv thiab nws cov Lavxias teb sab kev txawj nyeem ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia. Arrivals Ivan Sergeyevich yog cim los ntawm heev lub rooj sib tham nrog cov hluas, nws yawm ntawm kev sau ntawv rau yav tsaus ntuj, caw rov qab mus tsev kom zoo. Turgenev xav txog nws.

"Kwv huam nyob rau hauv luag" thiab kev tuag

Thaum lub sij hawm kawg 4 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej sau Ivanom Sergeevichem me me lyrical Miniatures sau nyob rau hauv ib tug sau nyob rau hauv lub title "Kwv huam nyob rau hauv luag". Succinct, cos masterpieces, amazing qhov tob ntawm kev xav, thiab zoo tag nrho ntawm kev qhia. Lawv tau ua ib tug zoo ntawm lees txim ntawm cov kws ntawv, nws tus kheej chaw muag mis nyuj, paab xav, zoo nkaus li, mus ob peb vas Turgenev. Nyob rau hauv 1882, tus kws sab ib tug txaus ntshai tus kab mob - cancer ntawm cov nqaj qaum. Thiab Lub yim hli ntuj 22, 1883 (Cuaj hlis 3) nyob rau hauv Buzhevile nws tuag. Faus txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia, nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog mus tas li kaw rau lub biographical ncua sij hawm.