Atrium - ib tug yooj yim lub caij ntawm Roman architecture

Atrium - yog ib tug central ib feem ntawm ancient Roman tsev, ib tug teeb puab vaj, mus rau hauv uas tus so ntawm lub chav tsev. Lub etymology ntawm lo lus los ntawm cov Latin atrium, uas txhais tau tias "muaj pa taws", "dub". Nyob rau hauv ancient tsev nyob rau hauv lub atrium ntawm ib tug mus tas burning hearth, vim lub me me luaj li cas ntawm cov vaj, nws yuav tau blackened, li no, feem ntau yuav, thiab los ua nws lub npe. Nyob rau hauv lub atrium, qhov chaw kuj yog ib tug reservoir rau rainwater.

Xws li ib tug kev tsim kho yog raug ntawm Roman tsev tuaj nyob rau hauv tus ntawm compositions ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub Greek tam sim no thiab zoo tib yam tib neeg lub tsev. Muaj kuj yog tus ntawm Etruscan vaj tse. Rau ob peb lub centuries, cov neeg Loos tsis muaj ib lub tsev ntxiv txoj kev loj hlob. Txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug era ntawm txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub teb chaws tseem muaj ntau yam pauv feem ntawm lub atrium ntawm lub tsev. Tej predominant hom tsev lub tsev hu ua lub atrium-peristyle.

Atrium - yog qhov chaw ntawm ib tug Roman tsev, ib tug qhib lub qhov chaw, komplyuvium (compluvium). Lub-ru tsev ntawm lub atrium, plaub qhov uas mus down mus rau nruab nrab, sab laug nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub qhib qhov chaw, los ntawm uas rainwater ntws mus rau hauv lub pas dej implyuvium (impluvium), cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv pem teb. Lub ru tsev yog feem ntau raws li nyob rau hauv plaub tug ncej uas sawv ntawm cov fab implyuviuma.

Roman tsev yog ib tug zoo ntawm tus cwj pwm txuas atrium. Scheme nws Mark Vitruvius, Roman kes duab vajtse yuav txawv nyob rau hauv ob hom: qhib-cua kavedium los yog atrium ru tsev uas extends circumferentially, thiab ib tug gallery atrium nrog ib tug tas mus npog.

Kavedium muab faib mus rau hauv 5 hom:

• Atrium tuscanicum - lub feem ntau ntau hom, lub npe hu ua lub Etruscan. Nws yog yus muaj los ntawm concave ru tsev nrog ib lub qhov nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, nws slopes down mus rau lub komplyuviumu. Lub-ru tsev so nyob rau ob transverse kab teeb cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv lub npoo komplyuviuma.
• Atrium tetrastylum siv thaum ntau uas nws kim heev thaj chaw ntaus ntawv. Qhov no style nta perpendicular mus rau lub muab faib cov phab ntsa, tsim ib tug series ntawm cov chav nyob ib ncig ntawm ib tug loog. Lub-ru tsev qauv tau raws li nyob rau hauv plaub tug ncej teev nyob rau hauv lub ces kaum komplyuviuma.
• Atrium corinthium zoo xws li cov ib yav dhau los, tab sis muaj ib tug loj komplyuvium thiab, raws li, ib tug ntau dua tus naj npawb ntawm kab. Kauleethaus hom sawv cev patio colonnaded txhawb lub ru tsev uas ntsib nqes hav inward.
• Atrium displuviatum muaj lub ru tsev nrog skylight hauv nruab nrab. Lub lumen feem ntau yog kev tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb chaw los ntawm cov nag.
• Atrium testudinatum - atrium kiag sim cov arches.

Qhib Atrium, tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov basilica, nrog loog bordering lub ob sab porticoes. Nyob rau hauv lub vaj yog tablinium (ntoo gallery) nrog rau kev qhib pem hauv ntej façade. Tablinium twb kev cob cog rua nrog lub puab lag ntawm lub dav ncua (fauces).

Keeb xeeb lub atrium loog cais los ntawm txoj kev qhov rooj, uas yog qhib los kev cai. Tab sis, ces nws pib mus rau xauv rau hauv lub xauv. Tswv yim, feem ntau muab ob npaug rau-nplooj ntoos qhov rooj qhib inward. Yam txawv lawv yog cov chaw feem ntau yog nyob. Nyob rau hauv no ib feem ntawm lub tsev peb twb mus rau cov tsev neeg. Muaj spun qhev, uas feem ntau ua hauj lwm thiab cov hostess nws tus kheej.

Tom qab ntawd, lub atrium - nws yog ib yam ntawm cov ntsej muag nyob rau hauv tsev. Nws los ua muab faib mus rau hauv official (Tablinum - chaw ua hauj lwm, atrium, triklinium), pem hauv ntej thiab cov private ib feem (kubikuly, peristyle - chav pw). Lub phab ntsa yog lub teeb patio dai kom zoo nkauj nrog frescoes, pem teb mosaics nteg, thiab hloov lub hearth pas dej ua ke. Marble txhua thiab saum raug dai kom zoo nkauj atrium. Lub tsev los ua ntau pompous.

Mob siab rau rau colossal lug, tau seized los ntawm cov neeg Loos nyob rau hauv lub heyday ntawm lub faj tim teb chaws, nws tau sim hawm caij nyoog lawv kom qhia npaj atriums ntawm pej xeem vaj tse thiab tuam tsev.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub architecture rau "atrium" lub sij hawm yog sib txawv dog dig. Atrium - ib tug qhib qhov chaw nrog translucent ceilings nyob rau hauv lub tsev, ob peb txheej. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho ntawm exhibition chaw zov me nyuam, cov chaw ntiav pw, ua lag ua luam chaw zov me nyuam, chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws tuam txhab uas muag - yog ib tug ntawm cov yam uas hais txog lub architecture.