Pib luam nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe

Pib luam nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe yog feem ntau vim cov invention ntawm daim ntawv nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj. By lub sij hawm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim ntawm publishing tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li ob-feem-peb ntawm cov thawj tau tsim rau ntawm daim ntawv sib txawv ntawm cov hom ntawm qhov ntau thiab zoo.

Lub earliest ntaub ntawv hais txog cov kev txhawb ntawm publishing hnub rov qab 2. BC. e. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv nrhiav tau los ntawm archaeologists nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws (Crete) Festistkogo disk. Nws twb ua tawm ntawm cov av nplaum. Nws muab tso rau stamped los yog nraim cov tsiaj ntawv. stamping txoj kev tau ntawm kev ncua mus rau sab hnub tuaj.

printing yuav muaj nyob rau txawv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Suav keeb kwm koj yuav nrhiav tau cov lus qhia txog cov kws ntaus hlau npe hu Pi See. Nws yog ntawm 1041 thiab 1048 no yog ua los ntawm cov av nplaum cov tsiaj ntawv. Rau tib lub chronicle paub meej kws ntaus hlau invented thiab typesetting luj khoom, qhov twg cov tsiaj ntawv tau khaws cia. Txawm li cas los, cov ntawv mus rau tam sim no yeej tsis mus txog.

Nqus ntawm archival thiab tsev cia puav pheej pov thawj, historians hais tias thaum pib ntawm printing nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe yuav tau muab tso rau hauv Iyi tebchaws, thiab Byzantium. Cov teeb meem tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub qhia txog cov kev tshawb xav, raws li luam tawm thaum lub sij hawm, yog tsis muaj cov phau ntawv.

Pib printing nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe yog txuam nrog ntau lub npe. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg muaj pov thawj ntawm ib tug tej yam Procope Valdfogele. Nws muaj 48 tus tsiaj ntawv thiab lwm yam hlau cov cuab yeej. Txawm li cas los, cov phau ntawv luam tawm los ntawm lawv tsis tau ciaj sia.

Ntawm cov lwm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm raws li Jean Brito, thiab tus kws kho mob Pamphylia Kastadi. Hais txog courtly printers ' King ntawm Fabkis Nikola Zhansone, phau ntawv luam tawm nyob rau hauv Venice thiab Paris, hais ntau yam.

Zoo txuam nrog rau thaum pib ntawm printing nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, nrog rau lub tsev teev ntuj thaj me nyuam tub los ntawm lub Netherlands. Nws lub npe yog Lawrence Yanszon Koster. Nws yog assumed tias ntawm daim card ntawm printing nws coj li los ntawm cov sab hnub tuaj Armenian cov neeg tawg rog. Rau cov muaj hnub nyoog Koster tau ua rau nws cov xeeb ntxwv txav cov tsiaj ntawv thiab luam tawm ob peb phau ntawv. Cov phau ntawv no tau raug fwm, tab sis lub cov ntaub ntawv uas lawv ua Koster, rau lawv.

Nyob rau hauv muaj ntau yam European lub zos yog monuments rau cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov zaubmov uas muaj feem rau typography. Txawm li cas los, lawv cov ua ntej nyob rau hauv lub invention ntawm luam ntawv tshuab yog tsis muaj pov thawj los ntawm keeb kwm. Lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntawv muaj peev xwm kom paub ntau kom meej meej nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th.

Raws li muaj ntau zaum, qhov uas cov invention, tus ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv nyob rau txoj cai muab rau lub Gutenberg. Nws yog nrog no lub npe yog txuam nrog rau cov pib ntawm printing nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Hnub, uas muaj xws li nws cov thawj typographic thwmsim - 1440. Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv Strasbourg nws kawm Latin qauv sau ntawv ib tsab Donat, lub astrological daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm papal indulgences. Tom qab ib co sij hawm, nws rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg lub nroog ntawm Mainz, Gutenberg pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tag nrho phau Vajlugkub.

42-line phau Vajlugkub nyob rau hauv Latin, twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub 1453-1454 xyoo. Nplooj ntawv ntawm cov phau ntawv (ntawm 1282) muaj 42 kab, cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv txhua ob. kho kom zoo nkauj hais tshooj tau nqa tawm manually.

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Gutenberg nyob rau hauv 1468 printing twb txuas ntxiv los ntawm nws cov tub kawm. Lawv kis cov xov xwm hais txog cov invention ntawm daim ntawv tswv technology thoob plaws lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab ces cov teb chaws Europe. Guttenberg tau tsim tsis tsuas yog thawj printing khoom, tab sis kuj yees cov qauv ntawm cov siv thiab ua thiab font foundry zoo. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws belongs rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg rau lub tsawg tom tsim cov tsiaj ntawv.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm printing nyob rau hauv Russia pib nrog rau hauv nruab nrab-xyoo pua 16th. Qhov tus tsim ntawm lub printing kev lag luam nyob rau hauv lub Muscovite lub xeev yog Ivan Fedorov. Thawj phau ntawv (hnub tim) - "Tus Thwj Tim" - twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1564 Moscow printing tsev. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv nws cov kev loj hlob Fyodorov thiab nws pab Petus Mstislavets. Los ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th muaj ob peb printing tsev nyob rau hauv Russia. Txawm li cas los, txog rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 18th xyoo pua printing txheej txheem tsis tau hloov ntau npaum li cas. Peter 1 hloov xwb tus font - tau ua tswvcuab ib tug pej xeem es tsis txhob ntawm Qub Slavonic cov tsiaj ntawv.