Persian kws sau paj lug thiab Sufi Dzhalaladdin Rumi: A Biography, creativity

Dzhalaladdin Rumi - ib tug Persian kws sau paj lug thiab Sufi, uas nyob rau hauv lub XIII xyoo pua. Rau ntau, nws yog lub npe hu nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Mevlana. Qhov no sage thiab saib, uas nws qhia tau los ua ib tug qauv ntawm kev ncaj ncees txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau biography thiab tej hauj lwm ntawm no kuj zoo kawg txawj xav peb sib tham txog nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Yuav ua li cas yog Sufism?

Yuav pib, piav me me yog vim li cas Rumi yog xav tau ib tug Sufi kws sau paj lug. Lub fact tias cov Sufis raug hu ua cov followers ntawm Sufism, Islamic esoteric zog, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm siab sab ntsuj plig thiab asceticism. Nws sawv nyob rau hauv lub VII caug xyoo.

Dzhalaladdin Rumi: biography

Chaw yug ntawm tus poj poet nyob rau hauv 1207 r nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Balkh, uas yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm tam sim no-hnub Afghanistan. Bach al-Din Valad, nws tus txiv, yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm lub npe hu theologians. Nws xam tau tias yog nws tus kheej ib tug ntawm sab ntsuj plig thiab ideological follower ntawm tus naas ej mystic thiab Sufi Al-Ghazali.

Nyob rau hauv 1215, Valad tsev neeg yog yuam kom khiav tawm los ntawm nws haiv neeg lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub pretext ntawm pilgrimage rau Mecca. Lub fact yog hais tias cov Rumi ntshai tsam tau reprisals nyob rau ib feem ntawm lub Khorezm, tiv thaiv cov kev cai ntawm lub qhia Vajtswv lus uas feem ntau hais lus.

Rau txoj kev mus Rum, neeg mus ncig yuav tsum tau ua ib tug nres nyob rau hauv Nashapure. Ntawm no tag nrho tsev neeg tau ntsib lyricist Firuddin Attar, ib tug naas ej Sufi preacher thiab ib tug xib fwb. Attar tam sim ntawd pom nyob rau hauv nws tus tub Valad txiaj ntsim ntawm lo lus, thiab nws kwv yees ib tug zoo yav tom ntej tsis tau tsuas yog raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug tab sis kuj raws li ib tug ntawm sab ntsuj plig cob qhia. Nyob rau hauv parting, tus tub hluas Rumi Firuddin hais ib tug heev khoom pub muaj nqes - "Phau Ntawv Secrets." Txij li thaum nws tsis yog sib cais Jalaluddin yeej tsis neej yog muab raws li lub kim tshaj plaws.

Nyaj nyob rau hauv lub chav

Muaj yog ib zaj dab neeg uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub nroog Damaxaka. Ibn al-Arabi, tus naas ej Sufi cov xib fwb thiab pom Rumi, uas twb taug kev tom qab nws txiv, hais tias: "Saib tus dej hiav txwv, uas raws li nram no hauv lub pas dej."

Dzhalaladdin Rumi thiab nws tsev neeg rau ib ntev lub sij hawm Giro tom qab tshuav Balkh. Nws thiaj li Valad txiav txim siab los nyob twj ywm nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Konya, cov peev ntawm Rum. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, lub zos no tau los ua ib tug Haven rau tag nrho cov neeg uas tau khiav tawm hauv Mongol raids uas devastated lub Islamic chaw uas zoo heev. Yog li ntawd, yog ib tug ntau ntawm paj huam, zaum, Mystics thiab theologians.

Rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nws nyob ntawm no Rumi. Thiab tsis ntev nws tau ntsib nrog ib tug neeg laus Sufi npe Shams al-Din, uas nws views heev pab cov tsim ntawm tus tub hluas. Nws yuav zes Shams Jalal nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm lub feem ntau kev thiab tag nrho cov-tawm mystical kev hlub, uas tom qab ua lub hauv paus ntawm nws cov paj huam.

Rumi saib rau txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv Vajtswv

Dzhalaladdin Rumi siv ib tug ntau lub sij hawm sib tham nrog Shams al-Din, uas tsis nyiam cov thawj cov thwjtim. Nws twb hais tias Shams twb raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag thiab brutally tua.

Zoo kawg tu siab befell Rumi, uas poob cov neeg ze rau lawv tus kheej. Qhov no coj mus rau lub fact tias cov kws sau paj lug tau ua txawm ntau paub txog cov kev muaj tiag. Nyob ib leeg nrog lub mob thiab kev tuag, lub kws sau paj lug xav tias tej kev tsis ncaj ncees thiab kev phem heev. Nws twb pib mus tsim txom cov nqe lus nug txog yuav ua li cas kev ncaj ncees, kev hlub thiab kev zoo Vajtswv yuav pub tej kev phem tshwm sim rau hauv av, vim hais tias nws yog kev kawm rau txhua tus, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi tshwm sim tsis muaj nws lub siab nyiam.

Los ntawm cov kev xav maj pib lub hauv paus ntawm lub philosophy ntawm Rumi. Cov kws sau paj lug yeej paub tias Vajtswv yog tsis muaj dab tsi lwm yam tshaj li txoj kev hlub ntawm Vajtswv uas yog los ntawm qhov tsis kawg thiab overpoweringly. Ib yam li lwm adherents ntawm Sufism, Rumi tsis tshua muaj neeg tsis zoo tus cwj pwm rau kev txawj ntse imaginations. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis xav imagery, thiab ua rau ib tug sib piv ntawm txoj kev hlub ntawm Vajtswv thiab rau lub xeev ntawm intoxication, uas ua rau yus ecstasy thiab kev chim. Rumi ntseeg tias tsuas yog muaj tseeb recklessness, thiab mus tshaj li ib txwm thaj tsam yuav ua ib tug neeg mus rau lub yeej muaj tseeb thiab sobering muaj peev xwm mus tso tau lawv tus kheej los ntawm lub shackles ntawm rationality thiab txawj ntse.

Tsuas kawg cog qoob loo ntawm cov hav zoov (lub neej dab) yuav cia ib tug neeg los ua qhov yooj yim thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm lub neej thiab kom koj to taub hais tias lub neej thiab txhua yam uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws, muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov to taub tsis tau kev cai, uas yog lub logic, tab sis nws tsis yog raug rau tib neeg lub siab. Qhov loj tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum tau sai dlua ib tug txiv neej - ntseeg siab thiab kev txaus sab ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim rau nws yog dab tsi, vim hais tias nug lub siab, sim mus nrhiav ib tug qauv, yuav muab xwb senselessness, muaj yog ib tug profound dawb ceev tseem ceeb.

Cov lus nug ntawm yuav dawb

Dzhalaladdin Rumi, cov phau ntawv ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yog paub tseeb hais tias, loj xav rau qhov teeb meem ntawm yuav dawb - seb peb txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej destiny, uas txiav txim tus so ntawm peb lub neej, los yog ib tug tib neeg lub neej - ib tug dawb paug slate, uas nws yog tau sau nws keeb kwm, coj nkaus xwb los ntawm lub siab. Txawm li cas los, Rumi paub hais tias tsis muaj leej twg puas tau muaj peev xwm mus daws tau teebmeem adherents ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm view, raws li los ntawm cov zajlus kom txoj kev xav tsis yooj yim sua mus nrhiav qhov tseeb teb. Yog li ntawd lub kws sau paj lug ntseeg hais tias no qhov teeb meem yuav tsum tau tsiv los ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub hlwb nyob qhov twg "dominates lub plawv."

Ib tug txiv neej tag nrho ntawm txoj kev hlub rau Vajtswv thiab merges rau hauv lub universal dej hiav txwv ntawm lub neej. Tom qab hais tias, txawm txiav txim nws tau cog lus, nws yuav tsis yog rau nws, nws yuav muaj tau los ntawm lub hiav txwv. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias ib tug txiv neej considers nws tus kheej ib yam dab tsi cais, nws tseem yog ib tug yoj ntawm cov dej saum npoo. Tab sis nws yog tsim nyog nws mus nrhiav inward, tig deb ntawm sab nraum, pib kom pom tseeb rau ntawm qhov chaw es tsis txhob ntawm nyob rau periphery, nws yuav to taub tias tag nrho cov uas tau tshwm sim yog ib tug indivisible thiab ib tag nrho. Comprehensive thiab tag nrho cov-embracing hlub ntawm tus txiv neej muaj peev xwm txia li ntseeg tau hais tias cov teeb meem uas muaj plagued nws txij li thaum, ploj los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Nws pib xav tias oneness nrog Yog nws tus kheej, uas muab nws ib tug zoo nkaus li uas muaj peev xwm yuav piav raws li "kuv yog Vajtswv."

Sufi brotherhoods

Tom qab kev tuag ntawm Shams Rumi los ua ib tug xib fwb qhia ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug Muslim lub tsev kawm ntawv. Ntawm no nws siv rau ib txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev kawm - qhia cov menyuam kawm ntawv Quran, siv lub Sufi kev lig kev cai.

Txuas tseem ceeb heev rau kev hu nkauj, seev cev thiab suab paj nruag Dzhalaladdin Rumi. lub kws sau paj lug lub kwv huam muaj kev cuam tshuam nws saib ntawm cov kos duab: lub suab paj nruag uas seemed rau nws ib tug rog xav txog ntawm melodies ntawm lub vaj xilethi-aus spheres, uas txhais tau tias tsis zoo ntawm creation; dervish seev cev yog lub personification ntawm cov seev cev ntawm lub ntiaj teb, sau cov ntug nrog kev xyiv fab thiab Glee.

Thaum lub sij hawm cov xyoo, Rumi ua rau cov Sufi kwv ua tij Maulaviya, qhov twg qhov tus tsim ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia hniav tseem ceeb heev. Lub koom haum tseem yuav nyob ua ib ke tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug thiab maj kis thoob plaws hauv lub Ottoman Empire. Nyob rau hauv ib co Muslim lub teb chaws, nws tshwm sim rau hnub no. Cov kwvtij nkauj muam txais tus tub hluas uas, tom qab pib yuav tsum nyob rau hauv ib lub monastery 3 xyoo.

tuag

Rumi siv lub xeem xyoo jurisprudential kev ua si thiab kev sau ntawv creation. Cov kws sau paj lug tuag nyob rau hauv 1273 thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 66 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Konya.

Niaj hnub no Dzhalaladdin Rumi pom zoo raws li qhov loj tshaj mystic ntawm txhua lub sij hawm. Nws philosophical views thiab qhov yooj yim tej lus qhia tau reflected nyob rau hauv cov paj huam uas nws pom tau hais tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav qhia hais tias koj ris txiaj thiab hlub divine.

kos duab nta

Ib txoj kev los sis lwm, tab sis nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw yog li ntawd Rumi. Lyrical "Divan" nws muaj xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm poetic lwm yam Rubaie, gazelles, qasida. Nws qhia rau lawv cov tswv yim ntawm cov nqi ntawm tib neeg lub neej thiab tsis pom zoo formalism, ritualism thiab scholasticism Rumi Dzhalaladdin. "Lub paj huam txog rau thaum lub ntsiab lus", ib feem ntawm ib tug sau ntawm "Masnavi", feem ntau vividly reflected cov tswv yim no.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov kwv huam tau sau nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev cai dab qhuas idealism, lawv yog feem ntau hu ua revolutionary sentiments, thiab txawm ua yeeb yam ntawm lub masses.

"Masnavi"

Tsis li ntawd, ntev dhau los nyob rau hauv lub rhawv ntawm phau ntawv "Lub Way ntawm transformations. Sufi lus piv txwv "(Dzhalaladdin Rumi). Tab sis ob peb cov neeg paub hais tias qhov no yog tsis yog ib tug tib cov khoom, tiam sis tsuas yog ib feem ntawm tus poj epic-didactic zaj paj huam, numbering txog 50,000 verses, uas yog hu ua tus "Masnavi". Tus neeg txhais lus txhais tau tias "ob".

Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov lus ceeb toom tales nrog lyrical digressions thiab preachy Rumi qhia nws lub tswv yim. "Masnavi" raws li ib tug tag nrho yuav tsum tau hu ua ib tug encyclopedia ntawm Sufism.

Nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, muaj yog tsis muaj ib qho dab neeg. Tiam sis tag nrho cov dab neeg koom los ntawm ib tug mus ob peb vas, uas yog qhia nyob rau hauv rhymed couplets, hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv tib lub suab.

"Masnavi" yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau lug nyeem thiab hwm tej hauj lwm ntawm cov Muslim ntiaj teb no. Raws li rau lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv, cov paj huam coj Rumi title ntawm lub loj tshaj kws sau paj lug-pantheist.

Dzhalaladdin Rumi: quotes

Ntawm no yog ob peb quotes kws sau paj lug:

• "Yug rau koj cruise. Yog vim li cas yuav tsum nkag rau ib tug nyob? ".
• "Tsis txhob txhawj. Tag nrho cov poob yuav rov qab los rau koj nyob rau hauv ib tug txawv guise. "
• "Yuav kom rov hais dua cov lus uas lwm tus neeg tsis txhais hais tias yuav to taub txog lawv lub ntsiab lus."

Nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub yav dhau los caug xyoo, lub paj huam thiab philosophy ntawm Rumi tseem yuav txaus siab rau zoo chaw tsis tsuas yog cov Muslim haiv neeg, tab sis kuj nyob sab Europe.