Musa Dzhalil: biography thiab ua hauj lwm luv luv rau cov me nyuam

Musa Dzhalil - nto moo Tatar kws sau paj lug. Txhua lub teb chaws no tau txaus siab ntawm nws koj cov neeg sawv cev. Nyob rau hauv nws cov kwv huam coj ib tiam ntawm yeej muaj tseeb patriots ntawm lawv lub teb chaws. Xaav qhia cov dab neeg nyob rau hauv lawv haiv neeg cov lus pib ntawm cov menyuam txaj. Moral qhuab tso cia nyob rau hauv thaum yau, yog hloov mus rau hauv lub ntseeg ntawm tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Niaj hnub no nws lub npe yog lub npe hu nyob deb tshaj tus ciam teb ntawm Tatarstan.

Thaum pib ntawm ib tug muaj tswv yim txoj kev

Tam sim no lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj lug - Musa Mustafovich Jalilov. Nws yog me ntsis paub, raws li nws hu nws tus kheej Musa Dzhalil. Biography ntawm txhua tus neeg pib thaum yug los. Musa yug 2 (15) nyob rau hauv Lub ob hlis ntuj 1906. Lub neej ntawm tus poj poet pib nyob rau hauv ib tug tej thaj chaw deb zos Mustafino uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Orenburg thaj av ntawd. Cov tub tau yug los nyob rau hauv ib tug pluag tsev neeg thib rau tus me nyuam. Mustafa Zalilov (leej txiv) thiab Rahim Zalilova (niam) puas tau txhua yam ua tau thiab tsis yooj yim sua rau kev kawm rau cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv tib neeg beings, tsim nyog ntawm kev hwm.

Hu ua mob loj heev thaum yau - mus hais tsis muaj dab tsi. Raws li nyob rau hauv tej tsev neeg loj loj, tag nrho cov me nyuam pib thaum ntxov coj active ib feem nyob rau hauv txhawb lub kev khwv nyiaj txiag, qhov kev siv ntawm ntshiab Cov neeg laus uas yuav tsum tau. Cov laus pab yau thiab twb luag hauj lwm rau lawv. Junior kev kawm los ntawm cov txwj laug thiab hwm lawv.

Nws pom thaum ntxov traction mus kawm Musa Dzhalil. Luv luv biography ntawm nws txoj kev kawm fits nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb kab lus. Nws sim kawm, muaj peev xwm mus kom meej meej thiab zoo nkauj ua lawv cov kev xav. Cov niam txiv muab rau nws nyob rau hauv "Husain" madrasah nyob rau hauv Orenburg. Divine science tau interspersed nrog txoj kev tshawb no ntawm secular kawm. Qhov tseem nyiam me nyuam tub disciplines ua ntaub ntawv, kos duab thiab hu nkauj.

Kaum peb tug tub hluas los txog rau hauv YCL. Tom qab qhov kawg ntawm ib tug los ntshav kev tsov kev rog Musa yog tsim ib tug pioneer detachments. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nyiam xim thiab puas siv tau kev piav qhia ntawm cov tswv yim Tho sau paj huam rau cov me nyuam.

Moscow - ib tug tshiab era ntawm lub neej

Tsis ntev nws tau txais ua tswv cuab nyob rau hauv lub Bureau ntawm lub Tatar-Bashkir seem ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm Komsomol thiab daim xa tuaj rau Moscow.

Moscow State University yuav siv sij hawm nws rau lawv cov hearth thiab cov tsev nyob rau hauv 1927. Moussa los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm cov zajlus tuam tsev ntawm lub Ethnological Department. Nyob rau hauv 1931, lub Moscow State University yog niaj reorganization. Yog li ntawd nws tau txais lub diploma ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm tus kws. Nws tseem compose tag nrho hauv lub xyoo ntawm kev kawm kws sau paj lug Musa Dzhalil. Nws biography sau los ntawm ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv cov paj huam hloov. Lawv coj tej chaw. Lawv txhais lus rau Lavxias teb sab, thiab nyeem tawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv ob tog.

Tam sim ntawd tom qab tau txais cov kev kawm ntawv nws raug tsa editor ntawm cov me nyuam cov phau ntawv Magazine nyob rau hauv lub Tatar lus. Nyob rau hauv 1932, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Serov. Nws sau tau tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau zajlus lwm yam. Composer tsim Zhiganov N. opera raws li cov dab neeg uas cov kwv huam "Altın Chech" thiab "Ildar." Lawv yog cov legends ntawm nws cov neeg muab Musa Dzhalil. Biography thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yuav mus ib tug tshiab era. Cov theem tom ntej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Moscow - lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev hauv cov ntawv nyeem thiab kos duab rau ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Communist" nyob rau hauv lub Tatar lus.

Qhov kawg pre-tsov rog xyoo (1939-1941) nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm Musa Jalil txuam nrog rau Union ntawm Writers ntawm lub Tatar ASSR. Nws tau raug tsa thawj secretary, nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm kev sau ntawv ib feem ntawm cov Tatar opera ua yeeb yam.

Cov tsov kev rog thiab lub neej ntawm cov kws sau paj lug

Cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog tsoo rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub teb chaws thiab hloov tag nrho cov kev pab them nqi. 1941 ua ib tug raws point rau cov kws sau paj lug. Txhob txwm tshaj tawm nug rau pem hauv ntej Musa Mustafovich Jalil. Bio-warrior kws sau paj lug - uas yog txoj kev nws xaiv. Nws tau mus rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm nrhiav, nug rau pem hauv ntej. Thiab yog tsis pom zoo. Perseverance tub hluas tsis ntev muab tus yam tshwm sim. Nws tau txais ib tug hu thiab nais tau sau tseg rau hauv lub Red Army.

Nws yog xa mus rau ib tug rau-lub hlis kev kawm kev nom kev tswv tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv lub zos me me ntawm Menzelinsk. Tom qab tau txais lub npe ntawm senior nom tswv tub ceev xwm, mus, thaum kawg, rau pem hauv ntej. Thawj Leningrad pem hauv ntej, ces Volkhovsky. Tag nrho cov tub rog, nyob rau hauv lub shelling thiab bombing. Siab tawv nyob rau lub verge ntawm heroism txhawb hwm. Nws sau cov ntaub ntawv thiab sau ib tsab xov xwm rau cov ntawv xov xwm "siab tawv."

Luban lag luam nyob rau hauv 1942 tau tragically tu ncua los ntawm kev sau ntawv ua hauj lwm Musa. Nyob rau ntawm ntug qhov zaus ntawm lub zos ntawm nqaij Bor nws tau tua nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab, nws tsis nco thiab tau noj neeg raug txim.

Hero - yeej ib txwm ib tug hero

Teb cog txiv los yog zom ib tug neeg los yog temper nws cim. Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas paub txog qhov kev txaj muag ntawm kev ua qhev Musa Dzhalil, biography, ib txoj kev uas yog muaj nyob rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv, hais tias lub immutability ntawm nws lub neej tej ntsiab cai. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm tas mus li xyuas, exhausting ua hauj lwm thiab yuav luag tsim txom nws nws los kom tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab. Nrhiav tus khub thiab qhib nws "thib ob pem hauv ntej" mus tua siab phem.

Chiv, cov txawj sau ntawv tuaj mus rau lub yeej thoj nam. Muaj nws hu ua ib tug cuav npe Musa Gumerov. Yuav kom dag ntxias cov Germans ua tau zoo, tab sis lawv cov kiv cua - tsis muaj. Nws twb paub txawm nyob rau hauv lub Nazi tsim txom lag. Moabit, Spandau Plettsenzee - qhov chaw lub tsev loj cuj Musa. Txhua qhov txhia chaw nws muaj tsis kam ua lub invaders ntawm lawv lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv teb chaws Poland, Jalil yog nyob rau hauv lub camp nyob ze lub nroog ntawm Radom. Ntawm no nws tau tsim tsa underground lub koom haum. Faib leaflets ntawm nws kwv huam hais txog lub yeej, txaus siab lwm lub hlwb thiab lub cev. Cov pab pawg neeg tau npaj yub neeg raug kaw los ntawm lub yeej.

"Accomplices" ntawm fascists nyob rau hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub Fatherland

Lub Nazis sim los ntxias neeg raug txhom cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lawv sab. Cov lus cog tseg twb enticing, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj - nyob ciaj sia muaj kev cia siab. Yog li ntawd, nws txiav txim siab coj ib lub caij nyoog Musa Dzhalil. Biography ua kev kho me ntsis rau lub neej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Nws txiav txim siab los ua ib feem ntawm lub koom haum departments traitors Committee.

Lub Nazis vam hais tias cov neeg ntawm lub Volga cheeb tsam yuav sawv tiv thaiv Bolshevism. Tatars thiab Bashkirs, Mordovian thiab Chuvash tau, nyob rau hauv lawv txoj kev npaj thiab tsim ib tug nationalist tog. Xaiv yog ib tug tsim nyog lub npe - "Idel-Ural" (Volga-Urals). Qhov no lub npe yog ib lub xeev uas twb yuav tsum tau ib lub koom haum tom qab lub yeej ntawm lub Legion.

Nazi lub hom phiaj ua tsis tau tejyam rau materialize. Confronted lawv me me underground detachment tsim Jalil. Tus thawj detachment ntawm Tatars thiab Bashkirs, xa mus rau pem hauv ntej nyob ze Gomel, muab lawv tej riam phom tiv thaiv lawv cov tshiab masters. Ib yam li ntawd, tag nrho lwm cov me nyuam twb nrog cov Nazis siv neeg raug kaw ua tsov ua rog rau lwm tiv thaiv cov Soviet pab tub rog. Lub Germans uas lub tswv yim.

Qhov kawg lub hlis ntawm lub neej

Concentration Spandau muaj pov thawj neeg tuag taus rau lub neej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Kuv pom ib tug provocateur, uas qhia rau cov tab tom yuav nkuaj khiav tawm. Ntawm cov puas tau raug ntes yog Musa Dzhalil. Biography dua ua rau ib tug ntse tig. Nws muaj ib tug neeg ntxeev siab li cov organizer. Faib lawv mus rau nws tus kheej cov kwv huam thiab pamphlets hais tias tsis txhob poob lub plawv, mus sib sau ua ke sib ntaus thiab ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv yeej.

Keev twj ywm lub tsev loj cuj Moabit yog qhov kawg qhov chaw nkaum ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Tsim txom thiab qab zib cov lus cog tseg, kev tuag kab thiab tu siab heev xav tsis ua txhaum lub pas nrig ntawm lub neej. Nws twb raug txim mus rau txoj kev tuag. Nyob rau hauv tsev rau txim Plettsenzee Lub yim hli ntuj 25, 1944 kev txiav txim yog muab nyob rau hauv tiav. guillotine tsa nyob rau hauv Berlin coj lub neej ntawm ib tug zoo txiv neej.

Unknown feat

Tus thawj postwar xyoo yog ib tug dub page rau Zalilovyh tsev neeg. Musa tshaj tawm hais tias ib tug neeg ntxeev siab, twb liam ntawm treason. Poet Konstantin Simonov ua si lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug yeej muaj tseeb tus siab zoo - los txhawb lub npe zoo rov qab. Nws tuaj nyob rau ib phau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv lub Tatar lus. Nws yog nws leej twg txhais cov kwv huam, tus neeg sau ntawm uas yog Musa Dzhalil. Biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug hloov tom qab lawv cov ntawv qhia nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws ntawv xov xwm.

Ntau tshaj ib puas kwv huam Tatar kws sau paj lug tau crammed rau hauv ob phau ntawv me. Lawv loj (palm) tau yuav tsum tau rau nkaum bloodhounds. Lawv tau txais cov kev lub npe rau ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm Jamila - "Moabit Phau". Foreseeing qhov sib thooj ntawm lub xeem teev, Musa xa cov ntawv sau rau nws cellmate. Belgian Andre Timmermans tswj kom khaws cia ib tug masterpiece.

Tom qab raug tso tawm los ntawm lub dungeons ntawm antifascist kwv huam Timmermans coj mus rau lawv teb chaws. Muaj, nyob rau Soviet embassy, nws cev rau lawv mus rau lub nplij siab. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev lub koog tsev kawm ntawv tau txais lub tsev ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov heroic cai ntawm qhov kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub Nazi camps.

Lyrics - nyob tim khawv

Thawj kwv huam raug luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1953. Lawv raug tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub Tatar - haiv neeg sau - lus. Ob xyoos tom qab qhov kev tso tawm ntawm tus sau los yog rov qab. Tam sim no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Nws yog zoo li ib tug rov qab los ntawm cov tuag. Lub npe zoo ntawm cov neeg pej xeem txum tim rov qab.

Musa Dzhalil yog posthumously nyob rau hauv 1956, nws twb muab tsub lub title "Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union", kaum ob lub xyoos tom qab tiav. 1957 - ib tug tshiab yoj ntawm paub txog qhov greatness ntawm tus sau. Nws twb muab tsub lub Lenin nqi zog rau ib tug sau ntawm popularized "Moabit Phau".

Nyob rau hauv nws cov paj huam, cov kws sau paj lug raws li nws twb xub pom lub neej tom ntej:

Kohl kuv coj koj cov xov xwm,
Lawv yuav hais tias: "neeg ntxeev siab rau nws! Nws ntxeev siab rau lawv teb chaws "-
Tsis txhob ntseeg, Nyob zoo! Lo lus yog
Tsis txhob qhia rau cov phooj ywg, Yog hais tias koj hlub kuv.

Nws cog qoob loo uas ncaj ncees yuav yeej thiab cov poj poet lub npe tsis tog mus rau hauv oblivion, yog ciav:

Lub plawv nrog rau lub xeem ua tsis taus pa ntawm lub neej
Ua raws li nws ruaj cog lus:
Songs kuv yeej ib txwm mob siab lub fatherland,
Tam sim no kuv muab kuv lub neej teb.

Lub perpetuation ntawm lub npe

Niaj hnub no cov kws sau paj lug lub npe yog zoo dua lub npe hu nyob rau hauv Tatarstan, thoob plaws Russia. Nws yog nco txog, nyeem ntawv, qhuas nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe thiab Asia, America thiab Australia. Moscow thiab Kazan, Astrakhan thiab Tobolsk, Nizhnevartovsk thiab Novgorod lub Great - cov no thiab ntau yam ntxiv lub zos ntawm Russia ua ib tug lub npe nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm nws txoj kev. Nyob rau hauv Tatarstan, lub zos tau txais lub siab lub npe ntawm Jalil.

Phau ntawv thiab movies txog cov kws sau paj lug cia peb to taub lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov verses, tus neeg sau ntawm uas yog ib tug tswv ntawm lo lus Tatar Musa Dzhalil. Biography luv luv rau cov neeg laus thiab cov me nyuam teem tawm, yog reflected nyob rau hauv cov dluab ntawm animated feature films. Tus zaj duab xis muaj lub npe tib yam li tus sau los ntawm nws heroic kwv huam - "Moabit Phau".