Nqe elasticity ntawm kev thov: lub mis uas nrhiav

Kev ua lag luam yog ib tug kev sib raug zoo ntawm tub lag luam thiab sellers. Nyob rau hauv microeconomics, lawv tus cwj pwm yog yus muaj los ntawm cov mov thiab thov, ntsig txog. Nyob rau hauv ua lag ua luam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj ib tug kwv yees ntawm ob tsis rau profit. Cov buyer ua ntej yuav zoo ntsuas ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam: tus nqi, kev yuav muaj nyiaj txiag thiab qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov khoom no. Lub dependence ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom rau tus neeg coj tus cwj pwm thiab txiav txim seb lub nqi elasticity ntawm kev thov. Cov mis qhia tau hais tias yuav ua li cas qhov ua yuav cuam tshuam rau tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem no.

neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tus nqi hloov

Lub intentions ntawm tus neeg mus yuav ib yam dab tsi, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov khw hauv internet, yog txo mus rau lub fact tias nws tau pom tias cov kev yam khoom (cia nws yuav ib ntsiav tshuaj) yog twv kom meej websites txheeb xaiv qauv rau cov nqi. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog hais tias tus phaj yog nkag tau rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev lis kev cai cov kev cai, tus nqi ntawm khw yuav tsis muaj ntau sib txawv. Lawm, lub buyer xaiv lub mobile computer, tus nqi ntawm uas yuav tsawg heev.

Cov ntaub ntawv no yog ib qho piv txwv uas tau raug hu ua nyob rau hauv microeconomics li "nqi elasticity ntawm kev thov." Cov mis ntawm no Performance index piav ntau npaum li cas ntxiv / tsawg yuav coj tus neeg yuav ntawm cov khoom, yog tias zoo cov neeg muag khoom hloov tus nqi.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj no qhia txog elastic thov. Vim ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lwm mobile laij cov neeg yuav xaiv ib tug uas raug tus nqi (tsis pub dhau vim li cas) cheaper tshaj lwm tus.

Tsis muaj lwm txoj kev

Nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no ntawm cov khoom raug rau ob peb pawg. Cov thawj pab pawg neeg no muaj xws li cov kev pab cuam uas tsis tau hloov, xws li ntsev, insulin, thiab lub thib ob - khoom kim heev cov khoom: designer khaub ncaws nyob rau hauv ib tso tawm. Cov no yog cov ob ciam qeb.

Yog hais tias koj ua kom tus nqi ntawm ib lub pob ntawm ntsev, cov neeg tsis txhob tso tseg yuav nws. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis tsuas muab ib tug saj ntawm cov tais diav, tab sis kuj yog ib tug preservative, yog li thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog xyoo nws chaw lawm siab.

Qhov thib ob uas tsis yog-lwm qeb - khoom kim heev cov khoom. Piv txwv li, ib cov designer hnab los khej tawv nqaij. Nws yuav tau txais cov neeg uas muaj ib pob nyiaj ntawm no purchase yuav tsis hloov. Qhov no high-tawm los cov neeg muas zaub, lawv cov nqi yog tsis tseem ceeb.

Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si zaum, qhov kev thov yog txhais li tsis elastic. Thiab yuav ua li cas yuav coj buyer ntawm ib tug tsau nqi rau qhov zoo, tab sis thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob / tsis kam ib tug tus kheej kev siv nyiaj txiag? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no xam tau tias yog cov nyiaj khwv tau elasticity, cov mis uas txiav txim qhov yuav tsum tau rau tib neeg tej khoom.

Cov khoom ntawm high tsis zoo

Qhov saum toj no raug nplua piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas hloov cov kev ua ntawm tus txiv neej, thaum tus nqi ntawm ib tug tej pab pawg neeg ntawm cov khoom muaj zog. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv microeconomics thiab xav tias lwm yam (determinants) rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub lag luam - mov thiab thov. Ib tug xws li determinant yog nyiaj tau los.

Cov qhov taw qhia - nyiaj khwv tau los elasticity uas nws mis yog qhia raws li tus piv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cov khoom mus rau cov kev thov rau kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub buyer tus cov nyiaj tau yog ib tug litmus xeem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim zoo zoo.

Yog hais tias lub xam tus nqi bude tsawg tshaj li 0, ces cov khoom uas hais tias yuav tsawg zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub ntau yam ntawm 0 mus rau 1 - zoo, nonelastic nyiaj khwv tau los (roj, khoom noj khoom haus). Ib tug nyeem ntawv saum toj no 0 characterizes ib tug zoo pab pawg neeg ntawm cov khoom.

Hom nqi thov

Yog li, lub elasticity (E) yog suav tias yog ib qho uas qhia hais tias yuav piav raws li qhov ua rau ntawm tej yam nyob rau hauv qhov kev tshawb nrhiav. Tab sis yuav ua li cas qhia nws? Piv txwv li, muab piv rau cov ob yam khoom - mis nyuj thiab nqaij npua, yuav tsis muab piv rau qhov kev tshawb nrhiav, yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm lub ob npas muaj zog los ntawm 20 rubles. Ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv nqe ntawm mis nyuj yuav tsum tau ntau pom los ntawm cov thawj ntawm nws tus nqi. Rau no thov coefficient ntawm elasticity (Eq) muaj ib tug feem pua piv ntawm ob hloov.

RESPONSIBILITIES yog txiav txim los ntawm elasticity modulus.

• C poob rau -1%, OP nce los ntawm 0.5%. Lub elasticity ntawm kev thov nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug mob: E = 0,5 * -1 = -0,5. Rate ntawm tsawg tshaj li 1, ces qhov kev thov inelastic.
• C poob rau -1%, OP nce los ntawm 3%. E = 3 * -1 = -3. Lub elastic cwj pwm ntawm cov tub lag luam;
• C poob rau -1%, OP nce los ntawm 1%. E = 1 * -1 = -1. Unit (proportional) elasticity.

Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tias cov hom ntawm kev thov?

Index - nqi elasticity ntawm kev thov, cov mis uas yog qhia saum toj no, yog yuav tsum tau rau tej kev ua si aimed ntawm ua profit. Seb ib qho chaw yog koom nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cov khoom los yog cov kev pab cuam. Thaum nws txiav txim seb tus nqi pom tau hais los yog nws tus kheej-ua khoom, lub ntsiab mob yog zoo li. Piv txwv li, rau ib tug saj zawg zog hom ntawm cov khoom koj muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug mob uas txuam nrog ib tug txo nyob rau hauv tus nqi. Qhov no nyiaj yuav ua rau kom los ntawm ob peb lub sij hawm thawj zaug nqi los ntawm attracting ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm buyers.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntev mus dhia inelastic thov rau qhov zoo yuav ua tau elastic. Thiab lwm nce nyob rau hauv khoom nqi yuav raug nyob rau hauv ib tug tsis rau lub lag luam. Piv txwv li, roj a. Nrog lub advent ntawm lwm qhov chaw ntawm hluav taws xob tsheb thiab qhov kev thov rau qhov no hom roj yog txo. Tam sim no, nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, nws yog tseeb hais tias tus nqi ntawm dub kub ib chim tshem tawm mus rau peb caug xyoo dhau los tus nqi. Qhov no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov khoom teej tug mus rau lub inelastic thov meant tus nqi tau muab rau hauv ib tug elastic.

Yog li ntawd, lub nqi elasticity ntawm kev thov - cov mis muab xam, ntsuas thiab tsom xam - qhov tseem ceeb rau tag nrho cov kev lag luam.

Yooj nyob rau hauv kev xyaum: qhia

Thiab cov piv txwv dua. Nqi npua osheyka xyoo tas los ib kilogram yog 500 rubles, xyoo no nws nqi 600 rubles. Yuav ua li cas los mus txiav txim qhov feem pua hloov nyob rau hauv tus nqi? Rau lub hom phiaj no muaj mis loj hlob npaum li cas: (Ts2 - Ts1) / TS1 * 100%.

Nws tau: 600-500 / 500 * 100% = 20%.

Yog hais tias peb sau cov tib dependence thiab ntim, thiab ces tus nyob rau hauv qhov qhia txog tus nqi elasticity ntawm kev thov, lub mis yuav tau txais cov nram qab no daim ntawv:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) * TS1 / Ob1.

Qhov no qhia tau txais nws lub npe, lub mis point elasticity ntawm kev thov.

Yooj nyob rau hauv kev xyaum: ib tug duab duab

Lub dependence ntawm kev muag khoom nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Thaum point Ib tug zoo nqi yog sib npaug zos rau 80 rubles, thiab cov neeg ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas, 50 units los ntawm cov khoom muas. Thaum tus tswv tsev tau nws txo qis tus nqi rau 40 rubles, kev muag khoom sawv mus rau 100 units. Pauv qhov tseem ceeb mus rau hauv cov mis point elasticity, tau 2. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom no mas saj zawg zog thiab yuav ua tau nyiaj rau nws, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nce nyiaj. Txawm li cas los, cov saum toj no mis muaj shortcomings.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov piv txwv nyob qhov twg cov starting taw tes (tus thawj) yuav tswj xyuas B, thiab tom qab qhov kev nce rau hauv tus nqi - lub point A, lub elasticity yog tau tsawg tshaj li 1. Hais tias yog, nyob ntawm seb cov kev khiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw A mus rau B los yog vice versa, tau sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm elasticity ntawm kev thov . Yog li ntawd, economists, nws tau txiav txim siab tus thawj nqe nqi (TS1) thiab ntim (Ob1) los hloov qhov nruab nrab index. Hais tias yog, C ₁ = C ₂ + C _1/2 thiab ₁ = Nyob rau Nyob rau rau ₂ + _1/2. Yog hais tias koj hloov lub thib ob point elasticity ntawm lub xam phem ntawm kev hais lus, peb muab tau cov mis arc elasticity ntawm kev thov:

E = ((Ob2-Ob1) / (C2-TS1)) * ((+ Ob2 Ob1) / (C2 + TS1)).

Tus nqi qhia tau hais tias qhov nruab nrab elasticity nyob rau hauv lub arc ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog cov coordinates of A thiab B.

Yooj yim interchangeable, complementary kev pab

Nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm cov neeg coj tus cwj pwm nrog rau ib tug cov khoom X ua lag ua luam managers kuj coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov khoom W. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, lub cuab tam ua tus ntoo khaub lig-elasticity ntawm kev thov. Formula ntsuas no yog qhov tus piv ntawm kev thov rau cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm ib co cov khoom W. Lawm, tsis muaj ib tug equates tus cwj pwm ntawm cov neeg ntawm khoom noj siv mis mus rau ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm tsev neeg tshuaj. Qhov no siv interchangeable thiab complementary pawg ntawm cov khoom.

Muaj cov khoom nram qab no nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev thov, nyob ntawm seb tus nqi:

• Tseem ceeb heev cov khoom. Piv txwv li, insulin. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, qhov kev thov tsis tau elastic.
• Complementary kev pab: qab zib thiab kas fes; lub cev muaj zog roj thiab tsheb. Elasticity ntawm tsawg tshaj li 1.
• Rau kev hloov khoom yog yus muaj los ntawm elasticity ntawm kev thov uas yog ntau tshaj 1. Yog hais tias tus sawv nyob rau hauv nqe, piv txwv li, nrog rau ib puas feem pua kas fes arabica cov ntsiab lus, cov neeg yuav pib mus yuav ib tug haus dej nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm robusta. Thaum muag khoom ntawm tus thawj yuav raug muab txo.

Cov qauv yog siv los ntawm lub npe los tsomxam txog lawv pricing txoj cai, thiab lub xeev - nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Lub Hlis cov kev pab thiab kev ua hauj lwm.