Pediatrics - dab tsi yog qhov no? SUPERVISION - cov me nyuam txoj kev hoomaum

Qhov kev xaiv ntawm profession - ib tug heev loj kauj ruam. Los ntawm nws nyob yuav ua li cas yuav tsim tom qab nyob rau hauv lub neej. Muaj yog ib tug heev heev ntawm professions. Ib tug ntawm lawv - qhov no yog ib cov menyuam yaus. Qhov no profession yog exciting thiab nyob hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv lub zog ua lag luam, tab sis ua ntej uas koj tau txais nws, koj yuav tsum tau xav txog, seb nws muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm, thiab xav seb puas muaj tej tus kheej zoo uas yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub ntxiv ua hauj lwm.

Pediatrics li cov kev kho mob seem

Nyob rau hauv 1847 nws tau luam tawm rau hauv lub domestic kev coj noj coj "Pediyatrika". Nws sau yog ib tug kws kho mob SF Hotovitsky. Qhov no tus kws nws coj noj coj ua tau txheeb ib qho chaw nrog xyuas kev kho mob specialties. Nws taw tes qhia tawm nws cov hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj. Yog li, SF Hotovitsky los ua tus founder ntawm Lavxias teb sab Pediatrics. Yog li ntawd, dab tsi yog meant ntawm no lub sij hawm? Yuav ua li cas yog lub essence ntawm cov hais tias ceg ntawm cov tshuaj? Pediatrics - qhov kev kawm ntawm tus me nyuam lub cev kab mob, lawv kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv. Nws lub ntsiab hauj lwm pab lub preservation ntawm tus me nyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv los yog rov qab nyob rau hauv lub cev lub xeev ntawm tus kab mob.

Pediatricians conventionally faib ua ob peb ceg (qhia):

• Tiv Thaiv Pediatrics. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm hais txog ib tug system ntawm kev ntsuas tsom ntawm kev tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
• Soj ntsuam Pediatrics. Qhov no kev taw qhia muaj xws li cov kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob, kev kho mob thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov me nyuam mob landmark.
• Academic Pediatrics. Qhov no sib, lub essence ntawm cov uas dag nyob rau hauv lub formulation ntawm paradigms. Lawv ntxiv ua los ntawm cov kws kho mob nyob rau hauv lawv cov tswv yim ua hauj lwm.
• Social Pediatrics. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov no ceg ntawm science - txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov me nyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv, kev loj hlob ntawm cov kev sib raug system ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob rau cov me nyuam pej xeem.
• Environmental Pediatrics. Qhov no ceg ntawm science kawm los ntawm ntau yam ib puag ncig yam tseem ceeb rau cov me nyuam txoj kev noj qab haus huv.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab Pediatrics

Pediatrics nyob rau hauv Russia sawv tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib kho mob kev qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv lub XIX caug xyoo. Thaum lub sij hawm no pib yuav tsum luam tawm thawj translations ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab publishing zos sau phau ntawv (piv txwv li, "Phau Ntawv Qhia rau cov kev txawj ntse thiab kho infantile kab mob" N. Rosen von Rosenstein, "Lo lus ntawm qhov tsim nyog cov cuab yeej rau txhawb lub zog me nyuam mos liab rau yug me nyuam nyob rau hauv peb tus kheej lub teb chaws cov neeg" AI . Danilevsky).

Nrog hais txog cov kev kho mob ntawm cov me nyuam nws puas tsim nyog sau cia hais tias kom txog rau thaum lub XIX xyoo pua, tag nrho cov tsim nyog npaj tau ua nyob rau hauv tsev. Midwives thiab therapists muab kev tswv yim. Tus thawj cov me nyuam lub txaj, raws li evidenced los ntawm keeb kwm of Pediatrics, tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug kho lub tsev kho mob Ivan Petrovich Frank, qhib nyob rau hauv 1806. Tom qab ib tug ob peb xyoos no qhov chaw tshem tawm. Tus thawj cov me nyuam lub tsev kho mob twb qhib xwb nyob rau hauv 1834 nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg.

Tam sim no, lub loj heev cov xov tooj ntawm tsev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Russia, muab kev pab kho mob ntawm cov tub ntxhais cov neeg mob thiab lawv cov leej niam:

• cov me nyuam (kiag, lub xeev, lub regional, lub teb chaws, koog tsev kawm ntawv) thiab tshwj xeeb (tuberculosis, mob, mob hlwb) lub tsev kho mob;
• tsev kho mob (nroog, kho hniav) thiab ntau yam chaw zov me nyuam (diagnostic, kev ncaj ncees);
• tsev lag luam ntawm tus me nyuam welfare thiab maternity (chaw tu menyuam ntsuag, perinatal chaw, khoom noj siv mis zaub mov, ncej).

Noteworthy tshawb fawb soj ntsuam lub koom haum of Pediatrics muaj npe tom qab Academician Yuriya Evgenevicha Veltischeva. Nws yog tus hiob kev tshawb fawb tsev nyob rau hauv xyuas Russia. Nws hosts ntau yam ntawm kev ua hauj lwm rau cov me nyuam. Tag nrho cov kev kho mob ntawm cov me nyuam los ntawm kev xa yog dawb xwb. Nws yog tau nyiaj txiag los ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws nyiaj txiag. Nws tseem yog nqi sau cia hais tias lub koom haum of Pediatrics muaj tsis tau tsuas yog kev pab kho mob tab sis kuj lub tswv yim.

Objectives thiab lub ntsiab ntsiab lus ntawm Pediatrics

Ib tug ntawm cov kev pab raws qib ntawm no ceg ntawm cov tshuaj - diagnostics thiab kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Cov kws kho mob ntes mob nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam uas muaj cov tsos mob, cov kev tshwm sim ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas thiab kuaj. Tom qab mob tshwj xeeb muab tsim nyog kho mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov kws kho mob ib txwm nrhiav qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm pharmacotherapy, raws li cov cumulative nyhuv ntawm tau txais ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau yog unpredictable.

Tus taw tes of Pediatrics muaj lwm neeg ua hauj lwm - nws yog ib lub ncaj ncees ntawm cov me nyuam. Tom qab cov kab mob hluas kab mob yuav tsum es. Nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov me nyuam tom qab rov qab tej zaum yuav tsum tau:

• maj mam kho mob ntawm lub hnub (kev zam los ntawm kev ua si, ntxiv load);
• stimulation txoj kev kho (herbal tshuaj, siv cov vitamin npaj);
• zam los ntawm cov tshuaj txhaj;
• ib tug nyob rau hauv ib lub sanatorium.

Lub hom phiaj koom Pediatrics thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob. Tej zaum nws yuav thawj, nrab thiab tertiary. Nyob rau hauv thawj kev tiv thaiv hais txog cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob vim txhaj tshuaj aseptic ntsuas. Secondary kev tiv thaiv raws li nyob rau hauv lub nrhiav kom tau thaum ntxov tej yam tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Tsaug rau thaum ntxov mob yuav tiv thaiv tau cov tsos mob nhyav. Tertiary kev tiv thaiv - ib tug complex ntawm kev ntsuas tsom ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus mob ntawm tus kab mob no, uas yuav ua tau kom xiam oob qhab.

Raws li cov saum toj no teeb meem, nws yog ua tau los txheeb xyuas cov ntsiab tej yam uas xyuas cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj:

• lub cev kev loj hlob thiab noj qab haus huv ntawm cov me nyuam;
• cov ua ntawm cov kab mob thiab kev raug mob, lawv cov tsos mob;
• kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov kab mob;
• thawj pab rau ntau yam kev raug mob thiab raug xwm txheej, thiab lwm tus neeg.

"Cov menyuam yaus" profession

Tus kws kho mob - ib tug neeg koom nyob rau hauv lub mob, kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntau yam kab mob thiab kev raug mob nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Qhov no profession yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob thiab feem ntau fwm nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos. Nws muaj xws li ib tug ntau yam ntawm specialties. Ib tug ntawm lawv - qhov no yog ib tug cov menyuam yaus.

Lub ntsiab lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub npe hu cov kws - mus kho cov tub ntxhais cov neeg mob. Cov menyuam yaus tsis thov lub template. Nws yog ib tug tshwj xeeb mus kom ze rau txhua tus me nyuam los ntawm kev sib tham pom tsis txaus siab yuav tsum tau siv kom tsim nyog diagnostic hom kev kawm, Ntsuam xyuas cov kev tshwm sim tau, kev nyiaj pab ntau tshaj ib tug neeg kho mob regimen. Cov dej num ntawm lub hoomaum yog tsis tas mus ua hauj lwm nrog cov me nyuam mob. Specialist tau recordkeeping.

SUPERVISION "tus me nyuam cov menyuam yaus" nyob rau hauv kev thov nyob rau hauv lub zog ua lag luam. Novice tshwj xeeb es nrhiav tau sai sai daim ntawv thov. Nyiaj ua hauj lwm yog nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ntawm kev ua hauj lwm thiab professionalism. Nws yog tsis muaj cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kws tshwj xeeb ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv pej xeem noj qab haus huv hauv tsev. Dlej nyiaj ua hauj lwm muaj kev paub cov kws kho mob coj mus muag tsev kho mob.

Leej twg yuav los ua ib tug hoomaum?

Koom nyob rau hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov me nyuam muaj peev xwm tsuas yog cov neeg uas muaj ib tug kho mob degree. Nws muaj peev xwm muab tau nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb tsev kawm ntawv (tsev kawm ntawv). Kev kawm ntawv yog heev yooj yim, vim hais tias niaj hnub tshuaj - yog ib tug complex cheeb tsam ntawm kev paub. Txoj kev tshawb no nyob rau hauv tsev kho mob kav rau 6 lub xyoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sij hawm. Xov xwm yog tsis tau txais ib qho kev kawm ntawv.

Cov neeg uas yog nthuav profession "cov menyuam yaus" thiab uas xav kom khi lawv yav tom ntej lub neej nrog cov tshuaj yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas muaj ib tug diploma siab kev kho mob kev kawm ntawv, tab sis kuj tus kheej zoo xws li:

• sib hlub sib txhawb;
• txoj kev khuv leej;
• soj;
• lub luag hauj lwm;
• tham.

Tau profession cov menyuam yaus

Nyob rau hauv Russia ua hauj lwm ib tug heev ob peb kho mob cov tsev kawm ntawv. Ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov tsev kawm ntawv yog SPbGPMU. Deciphering no yuav txo tau - Saint Petersburg State Me nyuam yaus Medical University. Qhov no koom haum twb tau ua tau hauj lwm txij li thaum 1925. Cov neeg uas xav kom ua nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej ib cov menyuam yaus yuav ua li cas ntawm no nyob rau cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm "Pediatrics." Xyuas ntawm lub zoo nws. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv muaj qhia zoo tswvyim hais txog qhov zoo ntawm kev kawm ntawv, cov xib fwb. Nyob rau hauv SPbGPMU muaj lwm departments:

• Postgraduate thiab ntxiv kev kawm ntawv;
• soj ntsuam psychology;
• kho hniav;
• "Tshuaj".

Saib xyuas cov menyuam kawm ntawv uas npau suav kom tau cov kev kho mob profession, yog tseem tsim nyog ntawm cov Thawj Moscow State Medical University hu ua tom qab Ivana Mihaylovicha Sechenova. Nws yog cov coob thiab hiob tsev kawm ntawv ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm cov tshuaj, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1755. Nws qauv muaj 10 faculties. Ib tug ntawm lawv - Pediatrics. Nyob rau qhov no tus kws qhia ntawv 8 departments:

• Pediatrics thiab Me nyuam yaus Rheumatology;
• Soj ntsuam Immunology thiab Allergology;
• xyuas phais;
• kev tu cev ntawm cov me nyuam thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas;
• Pediatrics thiab xyuas kab mob ;
• Diabetology thiab endocrinology;
• neonatology;
• propaedeutics ntawm cov me nyuam txoj kev kab mob.

Lwm cov piv txwv - Altai State Medical University. Lub tsev kawm ntawv twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1954. Nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv muaj cov nram qab no departments: kho mob, kev kho hniav, kws kho mob thiab tiv thaiv, Advanced kho mob, dua Laus Education. Cov menyuam yaus - ib tug profession, uas muaj peev xwm kuj yuav nyob ntawm no. Me nyuam yaus kws qhia ntawv muaj txij thaum 1966. Rau tag nrho lub sij hawm nws ua hauj lwm ib tug zoo tus naj npawb ntawm heev tsim nyog tshwj xeeb muaj tso lawm.

Nkag mus rau lub xyuas kws qhia ntawv

Yog yuav sau npe nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob nyob rau Department of Pediatrics, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS, ib thiab Lavxias teb sab lus. Cov tau cov qhab nees kaw tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm cov tub ntxhais entrants coj nkag kev ntsuam xyuas nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv. Lawv zoo yog sib txawv: yog hais ntawm ncauj los yog nyob rau hauv sau ntawv (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kev ntsuam xyuas, cov lus teb rau cov lus nug, thiab lwm yam ...). Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov kev xeem, nws yog tsim nyog los qhia kom meej nyob rau hauv ua ntej ib tug xaiv pawg neeg xaiv tsev kawm ntawv.

Nkag mus dhau lub qhov rooj xeem nyob rau hauv Science News for KIDS, biology, thiab tus Lavxias teb sab lus, lug tau sai dlua cov ntaub ntawv kawm yog ib qhov zoo txaus. koj muaj peev xwm sau npe rau kev kawm cob qhia yog kev kawm. Lawv muaj txhua txhua kev kho mob tsev kawm ntawv, kev kawm, lub koom haum. Cov chav kawm yuav nco qab yav tas los kawm ntaub ntawv, nug cov lus nug.

Cov menyuam yaus - ib tug profession tias nyob rau hauv high school, koj yuav tau txais ob them thiab dawb. Mus txog ib pob nyiaj qhov chaw, koj yuav tsum mus los ntawm ib tug kev sib tw xaiv. Muaj xws li ib tug tshaj plaws raws li ib tug "pass tus cim". Qhov no yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus, uas yog txaus kom dhau rau cov nyiaj txiag. Xaiv pawg neeg tau yeej ib txwm hu los xyoo tas los lub nuj nqis, txij thaum lub sij pass tus nqi yuav paub tsuas yog tom qab lub nkag kev ntsuam xyuas thiab tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm kev ntsuam xyuas.

Kawm nyob rau xyuas kws qhia ntawv

Kev npaj ntawm cov kws txawj pib nrog ib tug kev tshawb ntawm cov yuav tsum muaj scientific, kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob thiab lom khoom. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav los kawm txog tus qauv ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev, anatomical thiab physiological dab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws. Ces tus kev kawm pib thaum tshwj xeeb xyuas departments. Yav tom ntej pediatricians nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawv kawm qhov mob, kev kho mob thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm thaum yau kab mob, tiag tiag cov lus nug thiab lus teb Pediatrics.

Txoj kev tshawb no nyob rau hauv tsev kho mob kom thiaj txais tsis tau tsuas yog theoretical tab sis kuj cov tswv yim kev txawj ntse. Tus thawj xyaum ntawm cov kev kawm menyuam kawm ntawv hu ua. Nws yuav tu rau cov me nyuam mob thiab cov neeg laus. Cov nram qab no coj yog hu ua ntau lawm. Thaum lawv kis tau, tus menyuam kawm ntawv ua tau cov hauj lwm ntawm tus kws kho mob:

• pab neeg tu mob (ntawm 1 xyoos);
• pab pawg ntseeg tus neeg saib mob (2nd xyoo);
• Assistant txheej txheem nurse (3 hoob kawm);
• pab tsev kho mob kws kho mob (4 kawg);
• Assistant kws kho mob cov me nyuam lub tsev kho mob (5 thaum kawg).

Cov kev pab raws qib ntawm cov hoomaum

Cov neeg uas tau kev kawm nyob rau hauv tsev kho mob, yuav tsum paub tus nqi ntawm Pediatrics, raws li zoo raws li uas paub tab yuav tsum tau mus fim lawv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej. Cov menyuam yaus tshuaj xyuas tsis tau tsuas yog tus me nyuam, ua ib tug mob thiab muab kev kho mob. Tus kws kho mob yeej txhawb lub tsim ntawm cov niam txiv:

• Nws aims niam nyob rau hauv ib qho tseem ceeb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev pub niam mis;
• convinced ntawm cov kev pab cuam dawb swaddling;
• piav rau cov niam txiv txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv;
• pom zoo rau "lub caij ntuj no luam dej" cov me nyuam yaus thiab thiaj li nyob.

Tus kws khomob tshwjxeeb yuav tsum tsis txhob hem cov niam txiv mob. Nyob rau hauv ntev kab mob yuav tsum nco ntsoov tuav optimism niam thiab dads tiv thaiv cov forecast. Thaum incurable pathological tej yam kev mob yuav tsis cog lus zoo. Yuav kom hais lus tseeb, dhau lawm, nws tsis yog sai li sai tau tsim nyog, vim hais tias nws tsis paub yuav ua li cas cov neeg xav li cas rau qhov txaus ntshai mob. Nyob rau uas twb muaj lawm mob yuav hais tsuas yog ib qho ntawm cov niam txiv.

Tom qab kev sib cuag nrog ib tug me nyuam mob tus kws kho mob yuav tsum qhia txoj kev khuv leej, nrog. Tus me nyuam yuav xav tias cov xim, kev saib xyuas thiab kev cia siab tshwj xeeb. Yuav Tsum cev sib chwv. Tus ntshai nyob rau hauv tus me nyuam vim ploj zuj zus mus kov, stroking. Yog hais tias cov me nyuam yaus yws ntawm kev mob, ces koj yuav tau nug mus saib qhov chaw uas mob. Ces nco ntsoov hais thiab sojntsuam ib tug mob thiab tsis mob qhov chaw. Thaum lub sij hawm soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub tsis tau txaj muag me ntsis tus neeg mob, luag nws xwb.

Paub pediatricians

Muaj coob tus neeg paub Evgeniya Olegovicha Komarovskogo. Qhov no yog ib cov menyuam yaus, tus kws kho mob ntawm lub siab tshaj plaws qeb. Nws tau sau ib tug ntau ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab khoom nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam kab mob, cov me nyuam noj qab haus huv. Komorowski kuj yog ib tug TV presenter. Nyob rau hauv 2010, nyob rau ib qho ntawm lub Ukrainian TV channel pib kis tau tus mob, hu ua "Lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Dr. Komarovsky." Nws qhia tus kws kho mob yog muaj nyob rau viewers rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov me nyuam txoj kev ailments, raws li zoo raws li txoj kev ntawm lawv cov kev kho mob. Clear lus teev Pediatrics. Rau cov me nyuam koj muaj peev xwm txawm muaj xws li cov kev hloov.

Ib tug loj loj pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Pediatrics tswvcuab Leonid Mihaylovich Roshal. Qhov no yog ib tug Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab hoomaum, kws phais neeg, tus kws kho mob ntawm Medical Sciences. Tus kws khomob tshwjxeeb tau sau ib tug zoo tus naj npawb ntawm monographs. Roshal yog tseem paub rau lawv lub siab. Nws cawm tau tus me nyuam, cov neeg raug ntawm lub av qeeg txhua, kev tsov kev rog thiab catastrophes.

Lwm zoo-paub cov menyuam yaus - Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Baranov. Nws sau txog 500 scientific tej hauj lwm (monographs, cov phau ntawv thiab phau ntawvtes). Tam sim no, Alexander Baranov ua hauj lwm MGMU Sechenov. Nws yog lub taub hau ntawm lub Department of Pediatrics thiab Me nyuam yaus Rheumatology Me nyuam yaus kws qhia ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias Pediatrics - yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev ceg ntawm cov tshuaj. Yog hais tias koj xav los ua ib tug hoomaum, koj yuav tau mus rau tsev kho mob. Kawm los ntawm tus kws kho mob yog nthuav, tab sis tsis yooj yim. Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov hais tias hais tias ib tug cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas muaj qhov tsim nyog theoretical kev txawj ntse thiab tswv yim kev txawj ntse, tab sis kuj tus kheej zoo. Nws yuav tsum nrhiav tau Library nyob rau hauv sib txuas lus nrog cov me nyuam thiab lawv cov rov qab.