Nqaij: nqaij ua zog. Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab thaj chaw ntawm nqaij

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov nqaij nyob rau hauv kev noj haus ntawm ib tug neeg muaj peev xwm tsis tsum overestimated. Harmonious thiab kuas muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab thaj chaw ntawm lub nqaij los ntawm lub sij hawm immemorial ua cov khoom no indispensable rau hauv tib neeg noj cov zaub mov.

Minerals pom nyob rau hauv cov nqaij

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov nqaij muaj cov nqaijrog (amino acids lysine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, tryptophan, threonine, phenylalanine, methionine - mus txog rau 20%), lipids (fatty acids - txog li 3%), cov zaub mov (vitamins B, PP, E thiab K - 1%), cov tshuaj hormones (nitrogen thiab nitrogen-dawb extractives - txog li 2%) thiab dej. Cov khoom - lub ntsiab tsum phosphorus caij tsim nyog rau lub tsev pob txha, raws li zoo raws li cellular metabolism.

Dab tsi yog meant los ntawm lo lus "nqaij thiab mov" nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam

Nqaij yog cov nqaij fibers mus rau lub surrounding ntaub so ntswg - roj, connective, pob txha mos, paj thiab pob txha thiab cov ntshav. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, qhov thiaj li hu ua offal - siab, lub plawv, raum, diaphragm, lub hlwb, pob txha mos, cev nqaij daim tawv ntawm cov tsiaj thiab txoj hlab nqos mov hom lus. Nqaij ntses thiab cov ntses tsis siv rau cov nqaij.

Nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam feem ntau siv nqaij ntawm domestic tsiaj tsa ceg rau slaughter. Ntau tsis tshua, cov khoom Delicatessen siv tej nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj qus, cov tsiaj reptiles thiab amphibians. Ntawm kuj zoo kawg tseem ceeb yog lub teb chaws yam ntxwv ntawm cov neeg thiab cov nyob rau ntawm cov khoom.

Tshiab, chilled thiab khov nqaij

Nyob rau hauv lub thermal lub xeev ntawm cov nqaij nyoos yog muab faib ua tshiab, chilled thiab khov.

Khub cov khoom no yog tias, hais tias los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd ntawm slaughter yog tsis ntau tshaj li 6 teev. Nws yog feem ntau tseem ceeb nyob rau cov nqe lus ntawm microbiology thiab tsw. Txij li thaum tshiab nqaij sai sai deteriorates, nws yog muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees thiab tso cai rau txias rau qhov kub ntawm lub fibers thiab cov pob txha 0 ... 4 degrees Celsius. Cov txias, siab qhuav lawm ad raug raug mus rau lub tom ntej khov.

Ua noj thiab hauj thaj chaw ntawm nqaij fwm yog hais tias tus khov thiab defrosting nqa tawm kom raug. Freezing yuav tsum tau ceev nyob rau hauv lub poob siab hom thiab defrost maj mam, tsis muaj kev siv ntawm cov cuab yeej uas accelerates lub thaw.

Nqaij faib mus rau hauv pawg raws li cev fatness

Nqaij nyuj rau fatness yog muab faib ua thawj thiab thib ob pawg. Tus thawj round yuav tsum tagged stamp, lub thib ob - tus square. Xim ntshav stigma. hluas nqaij ntxiv cim nrog tsab ntawv "M", uas yog muab tso rau sab xis ntawm lub qeb ntawm fatness.

Nqaij npuas nqaij yog muab faib ua peb pawg ntawm fatness thiab cov khoom muaj npe ntshav stigma:

- Fatty Nqaij npuas :. Backfat thickness - 4 cm Stamp yeej.

- nqaij npuas kib nqaij npuas: backfat thickness - 4.2 cm yeej Stamp thiab tsab ntawv "B" ..

- nqaij npuas nqaij :. Backfat thickness - 1.5-4 cm Stamp square.

- Nqaij npuas - trimmings. Lub stigma ntawm ib tug square.

Thaum lub piav thoob hlo luj xyuas ntawm cov nqaij nyoos twb soj ntsuam los ntawm tsis hnov tsw, tsos, xim, sib xws ntawm subcutaneous rog, tendons thiab broth zoo, uas yog welded xeem cov khoom.

Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum tau qhov zoo tshaj chilled nqaij?

Properties nqaij tsis raug cia kom khov, lub nram qab no:

- daj liab los yog daj ntseg liab fibers;

- mus txiav lub nqaij ib me ntsis ntub, tab sis tsis nplaum;

- taub hau yog ruaj, elastic, los ntawm dint of nias ib tug ntiv tes sai sai leveled;

- nqaij kua txiv tshab;

- tsis hnov tsw qab ntxiag, haum rau ib tug muab hom;

- nqaij npuas rog - dawb, nyuj - lub teeb daj;

- siav broth ntshiab, nrog ib tug ntxiag tsw thiab zoo saj.

Zoo defrosted nqaij

Lub zog ntawm cov nqaij, tau raug cia kom khov, yuav tsum tau:

- liab fibers;

- nonelastic fibers, mos taub hau, pluav los ntawm nias tus ntiv tes yog tsis raws li;

- broth turbid, ua ib tug ntau ntawm scale, muaj yog tsis muaj cov aroma.

Nqaij ntawm cov laus cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov tub ntxhais muaj ib tug maub xim, tuab, tuab thiab txhav tendons thiab films.

offal

Kev hnyav npua offal - 17%, yaj - 20%, nyob rau hauv nyuj - 24%.

Tus thawj pawg no lub tus nqi noj haus xws li cov nram qab no offal: siab, tus nplaig, ob lub raum, lub hlwb thiab lub plawv ntawm tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov nyuj, cov lub mis nyuj, diaphragm, nyuj tails thiab mutton.

Qhov thib ob: lub taub hau tsis muaj tus nplaig, lub ntsws, txo ceg, daim di ncauj, tus po, cov hlab pas, caj pas, tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov nyuj, hau ntawm rams thiab yaj nrog cov lus thiab lub hlwb, tus Tsov tus tw thiab cov hnyuv ntawm nqaij npuas, tripe, rennet, kaltyk, fetlock sib koom tes, pob ntseg nyuj thiab nqaij npuas.

Nta ua noj ua haus offal

Qhov loj tshaj neeg tus nqi yog cov by-khoom ntawm cov thawj qeb:

- siab - ua tsaug rau lub xub ntiag ntawm loj nyiaj ntawm cov vitamins A thiab B, cov tshuaj hormones, calcium, iron thiab tooj liab. Nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau kev siv nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov cov khoom no yog free ntawm cov kua tsib ducts, thiab nrog nyuj, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tshem tawm cov kab xev. Lub siab yog siv rau ua noj ua haus pies, stewing thiab kib.

- Lub raum. Lawv muaj dawb roj thiab tej tsis hnov tsw. Nrog zaj duab xis raum muab tshem tawm, txiav roj thiab soaked nyob rau hauv ob peb lub dej rau 4-5 teev. Soaked khoom uas muaj cov dej tshiab, coj rau ib tug boil thiab boiled rau txog 5 feeb. Cov dej yog drained dua, ntxuav nrog lub raum, dua sau nrog dej tshiab thiab boil kom txog thaum siav. Siav raum yog siv rau kib, sautéing thiab kua zaub.

- lub mis nyuj siv rau ncuav qab zib filling. Nws yog txiav mus rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw, loj cov hlab ntsha raug muab tshem tawm, ntxuav nrog dej txias thiab dhau los ntawm ib tug wringer ob zaug.

- Lus meej ntxuav txhuam, txhuam tawm tawv ncauj av nrog ib tug riam thiab boil nyob rau hauv dej txias. Cov tawv nqaij raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub tiav lawm kub lus nyob rau hauv ib lub dav hlau ntawm dej txias.

By-cov khoom ntawm lub thib ob qeb - lub fetlock txha thiab pob ntseg - ua tib zoo singe qhov hluav taws kub, scraped av thiab quav nyab npleg, scalded nrog boiling dej. Fetlock ob leeg chop ntev thiab sanded ntawm lub hooves. Cov by-khoom uas siv los npaj jellies.

noog

Nqaij qaib nqaij - ib tug tseem ceeb khoom noj khoom. Nws muaj yooj yim digestible cov nqaijrog, cov tshuaj hormones, Sibhawm, vitamins thiab mineral ntsev. Qhov ratio ntawm high-qib cov nqaijrog, thiab puas characterizing lom nqi ntawm cov khoom, xws li nqaij qaib, yog 13: 1. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov as-ham yog nyob ntawm cov hom, hnub nyoog, poj niam txiv, yug thiab fatness. Qaib muaj txog li 22%, us thiab ducks - txog 18%, qaib ntxhw - mus txog rau 24% ntawm cov as-ham ntawm tag nrho cov luj ntawm lub cev. Tus nqi ntawm cov roj nyob rau hauv cov os nce mus txog 50% ntawm lub cev hnyav, us - 38%.

Kev sib deev nta muaj me ntsis ntxim rau cov nqaij qaib nqaij. Lub zog ntawm cov nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj thaum muaj hnub nyoog, uas yog txiav txim los ntawm lawv cov tsos. Nyob rau hauv caug, qhov no spur. Thaum yearling cocks nws nce mus txog 2 cm nyob rau hauv ntev. Thaum lub rau hli spur yog ib tug me me protrusion. Cov laus qaib ob txhais ceg them nrog coarse ntxhib daim tawv nqaij. Muaj hnub nyoog txog cov poj qaib no kuj txiav txim los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub keel pob txha. Nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais tsiaj nws yog elastic, gristly, bends yooj yim, cov qub - chaw tawv, ossified.

Nqaij Waterfowl ntau tsaus ntuj nti tshaj cov nqaij ntawm qaib cov txwv thiab qaib. Nyob rau hauv us thiab os fiber xim tsis nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ntawm lub nqaij, thiab nyob rau hauv cov qaib cov txwv thiab qaib txhais ceg nqaij ib tsos tsaus tsawv xim tshaj nyob rau hauv lub tis thiab ob lub mis.

Rog - lub thib ob theem pib yam ntxwv, nyob rau hauv uas lub nqaij qaib nqaij yog kwv yees li. Thaj chaw ntawm nqaij noj roj noog no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Qaib, os, qaib cov txwv thiab cov thawj qeb muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov rog.

Lub tswv yim rau cov nqaij processing

- ib tug noog ua ntej ua noj ua haus rau tshem tawm cov plaub, muab hmoov los yog bran thiab roasted nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws kub, rub lub tis los ntawm lub cev thiab ob txhais ceg. Qhov seem stumps rub tawm nrog ciaj tais.

- Yuav kom ntev tshiab nqaij tawm ntawm lub tub yees, nws yog lowered mus rau 1-5 feeb nyob rau hauv salted boiling dej. Yog li kho cov khoom yuav ua tau rau ob peb hnub nyob rau hauv ib tug txias, ventilated, ncav cuag ntawm cov yoov.

- Nqaij yuav tsum muab sab nraum lub tub yees rau ob peb hnub, yog hais tias qhwv nws nyob rau hauv linen soaked nyob rau hauv muaj zog vinegar. Ua ntej siv, cov khoom yuav tsum tau ntxuav nrog dej txias.

- Nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm txawm tias ib tug tub yees nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nyob rau hauv huab cua kub, cov nqaij yuav nyob twj ywm tshiab rau ib tug ob peb hnub, yog tias tshiav nws nrog tshiab txiv qaub kua txiv thiab cia nyob rau hauv ib tug txias ventilated cheeb tsam. txiv qaub kua txiv repels yoov.

- Tseg cov nqaij yuav tsum qhwv nws nyob rau hauv greaseproof ntawv thiab ces nyob rau hauv ib tug canvas impregnated nrog ib tug muaj zog saline daws. Nws yuav tsum tau ntaub ntub dej puav kom nws qhuav.

- Yog hais tias cov laus nyuj tsiaj nqaij ua ntej ua noj ua haus grate mustard rau tag nrho cov sab, nws yuav muaj ntau hauv kev sib tw thiab sai sai yuav mos. Cia li ua ntej ua noj ua haus nws yuav tsum tau rinsed nrog dej txias.

- Txhav nyuj yuav noj sai yog tias thuam nws chav nrog ib tug rauj. Cov dej nyob rau hauv uas nws yog brewed, nws yog tsim nyog los ncuav 2-3 tbsp. vinegar.

- Thaum muab nqaij nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub nws tsuag dej kub los yog broth. Los ntawm cov dej txias, nws yuav tsum tawv.

- Rau cov nqaij yog heev qhuav nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub, qhov twg nws yog npaj, muab tso rau ib lub taub ntim dej. Suab, nws tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm qhuav.

- Thaum cov nqaij siav muaj ib lub tsis hnov tsw rumen e.g., muab tso rau hauv dej hluav ncaig (2-3 daim). Nws absorbs tus ntxhiab.

- Lub siab yuav saj zoo dua yog tias soaked ua ntej ua noj ua haus nws nyob rau hauv cov mis nyuj rau 2-3 teev.

- Cov nyoos siab hais tias nws cov kev npaj yuav tsum tau muab ncua rau ib tug thaum, txhob qhuav tawm, smeared nrog roj.

- Sausages thiab sausages feem ntau tawg mus rau hauv lub boiling dej. Lawv yuav tsis noj ntawm tag nrho cov, thiab Fry los yog zog kom huv si nyob rau hauv ib tug dej da dej.