Nitrogen chiv. ammonium nitrate

Ammonium nitrate yog muaj nyob rau hauv ib pawg ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nitrogenous chiv. Nitrogen ua ib tug tseem ceeb heev luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tsob nroj lub neej. Qhov no tshuaj yog muaj nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm chlorophyll, uas yog ib tug acceptor protein thiab hnub ci zog, uas yog tsim nyog rau qhov kev siv ntawm ib tug nyob ntawm tes.

Nroj tsuag muaj peev xwm mus haus xwb bound nitrogen nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov amides, ammonium ntsev, nitrates. Cov kuj me me nqi ntawm cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm cov lag luam ntawm av microorganisms. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias niaj hnub ua liaj ua teb yuav tsis muaj nyob tsis tau ntxiv cov kev taw qhia ntawm chiv nitrogen pab pawg neeg, uas xeeb los ntawm muaj losis tswvyim dabtsi atmospheric nitrogen. Mixtures muaj nyob rau hauv pawg no yog txawv los ntawm txhua lwm yam nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug compound theem hauv lub xeev (kua los yog khoom). Paim physiologically alkaline thiab acidic chiv.

Ammonium nitrate, uas nws mis NH ₄ TSIS _3, yog ib tug dawb crystalline yeeb tshuaj, uas muaj peb caug-tsib feem pua ntawm nitrogen nyob rau hauv lub nitrate thiab cov ammonium daim ntawv. Ob cov ntaub ntawv yog heev yooj yim absorbed los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ib tug granular ammonium nitrate yog siv nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau ua ntej lub sowing tej hauj lwm thiab raws li saum toj hnav khaub ncaws. Tus me npaum li cas yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov explosives.

Ammonium nitrate yuav ua tau ntau hom. Hom A thiab B, piv txwv li, yog siv rau cov muaj hom phiaj nyob rau hauv heev mixtures (ammonal, ammonites).

Zus tau tej cov chiv thov ammonia thiab nitric acid. Lub molecular ceeb thawj los ntawm lub tau compound 80.043 amu Ntshiab ammonium nitrate muaj rau caum feem pua oxygen, hydrogen tsib feem pua thiab peb caug-tsib feem pua nitrogen (tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li peb caug plaub feem pua nyob rau hauv cov kev khoom nitrogen feem).

Nyob rau hauv lub kub, muaj tsib siv lead ua kev hloov kho ntawm ib yam khoom. Tag nrho cov thermodynamically ruaj khov ntawm atmospheric siab. Rau txhua qhov kev hloov kho tau nws tus kheej kev kub thaj av ntawd thiab ib tug polymorphic hloov koom nrog hloov tus siv lead ua qauv, lub haum los yog kev tso tawm ntawm tshav kub, ceev cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv ib lub ntim, entropy, Thaum tshav kub kub muaj peev xwm, thiab li ntawd. Tej transformations pom tau hais tias enantiotropically - reversible.

Ammonium nitrate yog ib qho oxidizing neeg sawv cev thiab muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm txhawb combustion. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas lub thermal decomposition cov khoom uas tsis muaj peev xwm mus dawb do muab tshem tawm, lub tshuaj yuav detonate (tawg) nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob.

Thaum raug tsa kub (ob puas thiab kaum - puas nees nkaum degrees) nyob rau hauv lub kaw qhov chaw, ammonia accumulates, lub concentration ntawm nitric acid yog txo qis. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, muaj ib tug tseem ceeb txo nyob rau hauv lub decomposition cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thermal decomposition yuav luag tsis tso tseg. Thaum raug rau ib tug ntau dua kub, qhov ntau sai oxidation ntawm ammonia, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog sau substance pib ntws nrog loj acceleration. Nws tseem yuav ua rau muaj mob ib tawg.