Nitrous acid. Tshuaj thiab lub zog

Nitrous acid - ib tug tsis muaj zog monobasic acid, uas yuav muaj nyob xwb nyob rau hauv nta aqueous lub ntsiab thiab xiav nyob rau hauv cov roj daim ntawv. Qhov no yog hu ua nitrite ntsev los yog nitrite. Lawv yog cov tshuaj lom thiab ruaj khov dua lub acid nws tus kheej. Cov tshuaj mis ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog raws li nram no: HNO2.

Lub zog:
1. Cov hniav puas loj yog sib npaug zos rau 47 g / mol.
2. Tus txheeb ze molecular yuag yog 27 amu
3. Ceev yog 1.6.
4. Cov melting point yog 42 degrees.
5. Lub ib kub npau npau taw tes yog 158 degrees.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm cov pa roj nitrous acid

1. Yog hais tias ib tug nitrous acid tshuaj yog rhuab, muaj yuav yuav cov nram qab no tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:
3HNO2 (cov pa roj nitrous acid) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + 2NO (nitric oxide yog tso tawm raws li gas) + H2O (dej)

2. Cov aqueous tov dissociates thiab yooj yim moog los ntawm cov ntsev ntawm muaj zog acids:
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + 2NaNO2 (sodium nitrite) = Na2SO4 (sodium sulphate) + 2HNO2 (cov pa roj nitrous acid)

3. Cov kev kawm teeb meem peb yuav ua tau ob qho tib si ib tug oxidizing thiab txo zog. Thaum raug mus rau ib tug muaj zog oxidizing agents (piv txwv li, cov tshuaj, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, poov tshuaj permanganate) yog oxidized rau nitric acid (nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub tsim ntawm nitric acid ntsev):

Txo cov khoom:

HNO2 (cov pa roj nitrous acid) + H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + H2O (dej)
HNO2 + Cl2 (tshuaj) + H2O (dej) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + 2HCl (hydrochloric acid)
5HNO2 (cov pa roj nitrous acid) + 2HMnO4 = 2Mn (NO3) 2 (manganese nitrate, nitric acid ntsev) + HNO3 (nitric acid) + 3H2O (dej)

Oxidizing zog:

2HNO2 (cov pa roj nitrous acid) + 2HI = 2NO (oxygen oxide, nyob rau hauv ib tug gas) + I2 (iodine) + 2H2O (dej)

Kev npaj ntawm nitrite

Qhov no tshuaj yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv ob peb txoj kev:

1. Thaum yaj nitric oxide (III) nyob rau hauv dej:

N2O3 (nitrogen oxide) + H2O (dej) = 2HNO3 (cov pa roj nitrous acid)

2. Thaum yaj nitric oxide (IV) nyob rau hauv dej:
2NO3 (nitrogen oxide) + H2O (dej) = HNO3 (nitric acid) + HNO2 (cov pa roj nitrous acid)

Siv ntawm cov pa roj nitrous acid:
- diazotizing uas muaj ntxhiab thawj amines;
- zus tau tej cov diazonium ntsev;
- nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov organic tebchaw (e.g., rau zus tau tej cov organic dyes).

Raug cov pa roj nitrous acid ntawm lub cev

Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw yog tshuaj lom, muaj ib tug kaj mutagenic nyhuv, raws li yeej tseem zoo yog deaminated neeg sawv cev.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub nitrites

Nitrite - ntau ntau yam ntsev ntawm cov pa roj nitrous acid. K rau kub yog tsawg ruaj khov dua nitrates. Yuav pab nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua ib co dyes. Siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj.

Ntawm kev tseem ceeb rau cov tib neeg kis tau sodium nitrite. Qhov no tshuaj muaj mis NaNO2. Nws siv raws li ib tug preservative nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov khoom los ntawm cov ntses thiab cov nqaij. Nws yog ib tug hmoov ntawm ntshiab dawb los yog me ntsis yellowish. Sodium nitrite hygroscopic (tsuas yog cov lim sodium nitrite) thiab zoo yaj nyob rau hauv H2O (dej). Cov huab cua yog tau maj oxidize rau sodium nitrite, muaj ib tug muaj zog regenerative zog.

Sodium nitrite yog siv nyob rau hauv:
- tshuaj synthesis: kom tau ib tug diazo amine tebchaw mus deactivate tshaj sodium azide yuav tsim cov pa, nitrogen oxide, sodium thiab sodium, rau qhov haum ntawm carbon dioxide;
- Qhuav ntawm khoom noj khoom haus (khoom noj khoom haus additive E250) raws li ib tug antioxidant thiab ib tug antibacterial neeg sawv cev;
- nyob rau hauv lub tsev: raws li ib tug dej ntsuab additive nyob rau hauv pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm lug thiab lub tsev cov khoom, nyob rau hauv lub synthesis ntawm cov organic tebchaw, nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm atmospheric xeb inhibitor, nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua roj hmab, poppers, av additive rau explosives; thaum lub hlau yog kho kom tshem tawm cov tin txheej thiab rau phosphating;
- nyob rau hauv cov duab: raws li ib tug antioxidant thiab ib tug reagent;
- nyob rau hauv ib thiab tshuaj: ib tug vasodilator, antispasmodic, laxative, cov hlab ntsws qhib; raws li ib tug antidote rau lom tsiaj los yog tib neeg cyanides.

Nws yog tam sim no kuj siv los ntawm lwm cov ntsev ntawm cov pa roj nitrous acid (e.g., poov tshuaj nitrite).