Philosophy - ib lo lus uas yog txhais los ntawm Greek lus txhais tau tias "kev hlub ntawm txoj kev txawj ntse". Qhov no lus qhuab qhia originated txhiab xyoo dhau los thiab tau ua heev nrov nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws. Greek (thiab tom qab Roman) philosophy tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm ob mythology thiab tawm thaum lub sij hawm ntawm science.
Txawm li cas los, tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub ancient ntiaj teb no tsim xws ntiaj teb no-system. Nws philosophy yog los ntawm cov ancient Khab thiab Suav. Nyob rau hauv kev, Buddhism thawj sawv raws li ib tug lus qhuab qhia ntawm tub huabtais Gautama thiab tsuas npaum li cas tom qab ntawd coj rau hauv daim ntawv kev cai dab qhuas. Xav Lao Tzu thiab Confucius sage tseem muaj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm lub inhabitants ntawm lub Middle Kingdom.
Keeb kwm ntawm Philosophy - ib tug qhuab qhia uas kawm cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm no science. Nws qhia txog cov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov kev qhia. Lub keeb kwm ntawm philosophy raws li ib tug qhuab qhia sawv nyob rau hauv antiquity thiab yog ib tug tseem ceeb heev tsom xam ntawm lub views ntawm xav predecessors. Cov thawj xws piav yuav tsum raug xam tias yog tej hauj lwm ntawm Aristotle. Nws sab laug mus rau xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ib tug dav panorama views thiab kev xav ntawm lawv compatriots. Tom qab nws, qhov no zoo ntawm kev ua hauj lwm koom nyob rau hauv xws skeptical philosophers li Sekst Empirik, thiab Diogen Laertsky. Tej hauj lwm los ntawm cov sau phau ntawv yog koj monuments ntawm phau ntawv ntawm lub sij hawm, tab sis lawv yog tej nuj nqis kev tsis ib tug sib lawv liag ib theem zuj zus ntawm cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia.
Lub keeb kwm ntawm philosophy tau txais ib tug tshiab impetus rau txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov Nrab Hnub nyoog, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej Renaissance. Chiv, nws yog tus ua hauj lwm nrog cov writings ntawm cov thawj apologists ntawm cov ntseeg Vajtswv, cov reconstruction ntawm lawv cov tswv yim. Tom qab, ib tug tshwj xeeb kev txaus siab loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub views ntawm lub ancient sages, Plato thiab Aristotle. Txij li thaum lub Nrab Hnub nyoog philosophy twb zoo txuas nrog cov kev qhia ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj, ces Aristotle txawm tsa rau cov nyob qib ntawm cov neeg dawb huv, txawm lub fact tias nws yog ib tug pagan. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance ntseeg tau maj poob nws txoj hauj lwm. Philosophy nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tsim nyob rau hauv ze kev twb kev txuas nrog cov kos duab. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev ua views humanists yeej zoo nkauj mus kom ze. Ib tug thiaj li hu ua philosophy ntawm tus tshiab era (thib kaum xya xyoo pua) tau raws li kev lom zem ntau rau science. Qhov no, nyob rau hauv particular, coj mus rau qhov mus kom ze ntawm lub humanists ntawm lub Enlightenment, uas nws cov dej num muaj feem ntau raws kev coj kom tus thuam ntawm kev ntseeg thiab kev ntseeg.
Maj mam, tshiab disciplines tau nyob rau hauv European universities. Nyob rau hauv kev, cov kev cob qhia kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm philosophy. Txawm li cas los, lawv twb dag thiab tsis tau muab qhov yuav tsum tau npaum li cas ntawm kev txawj ntse. Feem ntau cov ib tug systematic keeb kwm ntawm philosophy nyob rau hauv txoj kev sawv ntawm tus cwj mem ntawm tus naas ej philosopher Hegel. Lub tswv yim ntawm no paub txog tus mus rau ib tug loj raws li nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tag nrho cov kev qhuab qhia. Hegel ntseeg hais tias tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm philosophy yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm ib tug systematic thiab zoo ib yam, uas twb tau mus kawm los ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thinkers ntawm lub yav dhau los thiab tam sim no. Nws lub tswv yim tau khaws tshiab pab pawg neeg soj ntsuam. Los ntawm kawg ntawm tus thib kaum cuaj caug xyoo, lub keeb kwm ntawm philosophy tau noj zoo nyob rau hauv ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib, full-fledged kev qhuab qhia. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog ib qho zoo zaum xws li Fisher, Erdman, Zeller.
Cov niaj hnub keeb kwm ntawm Western philosophy muaj xws li tsis tsuas cov systematization ntawm ancient tej hauj lwm, tab sis kuj nrhiav tus philosophers ntawm lub Renaissance thiab ntawm peb lub sij hawm. Qhov no kev qhuab qhia pub rau cov tsub zuj zuj thiab preservation ntawm kev txawj ntse, extant. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws tshuaj xyuas qhov Indian, Suav, ancient philosophy. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws muab ib tug zoo ntawm txuas ntawm tiam. Thinkers ntawm yav dhau los, thiab lawv tej hauj lwm yog qhov kev kawm ntawm kev txawj ntse ua rau tus niaj hnub philosophers.