Ancient Philosophy: Milestones thiab kev loj hlob

Tus thawj tseem ceeb kauj ruam nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm philosophical xav yog tus ancient philosophy. Nws pog koob yawg koob yog cov ancient Greeks thiab Loos. Nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm lub thinkers ntawm lub sij hawm "cov cuab yeej" ntawm kev txawj ntse twb nyias speculative contemplation thiab soj. Ancient philosophers yog cov ua ntej mus teem peb tus kheej nyob mus ib txhis cov lus nug ntawm kev txhawj xeeb rau cov txiv neej: dab tsi originates tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig, thiab tsis-qab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, txoj kev sib sau ntawm contradictions, txoj kev ywj pheej thiab yuav tsum, cov me nyuam yug thiab kev tuag, tus txiv neej lub destiny, ncaj ncees luag hauj lwm, kev zoo nkauj thiab sublimity, kev txawj ntse, kev phooj ywg, kev hlub, kev zoo siab, meej mom. Cov teeb meem yog tseem tseem ceeb niaj hnub no. Lub hauv paus rau cov tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm philosophical xav yog ancient philosophy tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe.

Lub sij hawm ntawm ancient philosophy

Xav txog, yog dab tsi cov ntsiab teeb meem yuav daws tau ancient philosophy, nws theem ntawm kev loj hlob raws li ib tug science.

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Greek thiab Roman philosophy yuav ua tau conventionally delimit plaub kauj ruam tseem ceeb.

Ua ntej, presocratian lub sij hawm poob rau VII - V v. BC. Nws hais cov dej num ntawm Miletus thiab Eleatic tsev kawm ntawv, Heraclitus ntawm Ephesus, Pythagoras thiab nws cov thwjtim, Democritus thiab Levkipa. Lawv yuav ua hauj lwm cov kev cai ntawm qhov, kev sib haum xeeb lub tsev thiab lub Cosmos. Tus nqi ntawm pre-Socratic lub sij hawm, nws yog ib qhov nyuaj rau overestimate, vim hais tias nws yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws ancient philosophy zoo heev pab cov kev loj hlob ntawm kab lis kev cai, pej xeem lub neej thiab cov nom tswv ib cheeb ntawm ancient Greece.

Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm lub thib ob, classical lub sij hawm (V -. IV Art BC) yog cov tsos Sophists. Lawv muab lawv cov xim rau cov teeb meem ntawm qhov thiab lub cosmos rau tus tib neeg teeb meem, nteg lub lub hauv paus ntawm logic thiab pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm rhetoric raws li ib tug science. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub Sophists, rau hauv thaum ntxov ancient philosophy nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm no yog sawv cev los ntawm lub npe ntawm Aristotle, Socrates, Plato, Protogora. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws pib tsim thiab Roman philosophy, uas txhais tau tias cov peb lub ntsiab qhov chaw - Epicureanism, Stoicism thiab skepticism.

Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm II los ntawm IV xyoo pua BC. e. Ancient philosophy mus peb, ellinestichesky, theem ntawm kev loj hlob. Thaum lub sij hawm no, muaj cov thawj philosophical systems, sib sib zog nqus nyob rau hauv nws cov ntsiab lus, thiab tsev kawm ntawv tshiab uas yog kev xav - Epicurean, kev kawm, thiab lwm yam perepatetiki. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Hellenistic lub sij hawm ntawm kev hloov mus rau qhov kev zoo teeb meem thiab moralizing ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum lub Hellenic kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv poob. Npe Epicurus, Theophrastus thiab Carneades sawv cev los ntawm no theem nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm philosophy.

Txij thaum pib ntawm peb era (I - VI century) ancient philosophy nkag mus rau nws lub xeem lub sij hawm ntawm kev loj hlob. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov uas lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ancient ntiaj teb no belongs rau Rome, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm uas yog tim Nkij teb chaws. Cov tsim ntawm Roman philosophy zoo heev los ntawm cov neeg Greek, nyob rau hauv particular nws ellinestichesky kauj ruam. Nyob rau hauv lub philosophy ntawm lub nroog Loos tsim peb lub ntsiab qhov chaw - Epicureanism, Stoicism thiab skepticism. Qhov no lub sij hawm yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev ua si ntawm philosophers xws li Aristotle, Socrates, Protogor Plato.

Thib peb los yog thib plaub caug xyoo - lub sij hawm ntawm lub rov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshiab qhia nyob rau hauv ancient philosophy - Neo-Platonism, uas yog tus txwv zeej txwv koob Plato. Nws lub tswv yim thiab cov kev xav yog kev lom zem ntau pab cov philosophy ntawm thaum ntxov cov ntseeg Vajtswv thiab cov philosophy ntawm lub Nrab Hnub nyoog.

Yog li sawv lub ancient philosophy, theem ntawm kev loj hlob uas muab ntxiv rau ib co nthuav tswv yim: cov tswv yim ntawm cov universal kev twb kev txuas ntawm tag nrho cov tshwm sim thiab tej yam uas twb muaj lawm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab lub tswv yim ntawm infinite txoj kev loj hlob.

Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm tsim lub epistemological tiam sis - materialism thiab idealism. Demokrit, ua, nyob rau hauv essence, materialistic, pom tias tias lub atom yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws particle ntawm tej tshuaj. Qhov no lub tswv yim yog ua ntej ntawm nws xyoo pua thiab txhiab. Plato, adhering rau idealistic views, nws tsim ib tug dialectical lus qhuab qhia ntawm ib tug neeg thiab tej yam uas general tswv yim.

Lub philosophy ntawm lub ancient lub sij hawm yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg sab nraud ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kev sib raug zoo nco qab. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug holistic saib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no twb tsim. Ancient philosophy tso cai rau peb kom peb taug tag nrho txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm theoretical kev xav, tag nrho ntawm txawv txawv thiab bold tswv yim. Muaj ntau ntawm cov teeb meem uas tau sim kom daws tau qhov ancient Greek thiab Roman philosophical minds tsis tau poob lawv actuality nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm.