Lub avant-garde nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th painting: cov neeg sawv cev piv txwv

Thaum pib ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua twb cim los ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov loj-scale cov txheej xwm: cov kev hloov kev khwv nyiaj txiag thiab cov nom tswv daim ntawv qhia txog lub ntiaj teb no, science thiab tshaj. Tsis txhob nyob twj ywm aloof thiab kos duab: cov avant-garde nyob rau hauv kos duab, xinesmas thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau hloov lub tswvyim ntawm creativity thiab haiv neeg saib rau ntawm nws. Tshiab cov tswv yim los ua ib tug tiag tiag kiv puag ncig, uas tseem pheev nws cov cawv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no txawm tam sim no.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub avant-garde?

Thaum pib ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua muaj tau ob peb lub sim tiam sis nrog tus tshiab cov tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob ntawm daim duab. Lawv cov npe yog lo lus "vanguard" nyob rau hauv lub literal txhais lus los ntawm Fabkis thiab txhais tau tias "lub vanguard". Lub tswvyim tshiab yog qhov fab ntxeev ntawm academicism thiab txuas ntxiv cov kab ke ntawm modernity. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub avant-garde nyob rau hauv kos duab ntseeg hais tias cov tsis yog tus txheej txheem ntawm creation, es qhov kawg khoom. Tus txiv neej tig mus rau hauv ib tug kwv of art. Lub avant-garde nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, lub painting yuav tau muab faib mus rau hauv ob peb lub ntsiab yam: Futurism, Surrealism, abstraktivizm, Pop Art, Dada thiab op-art. Yus nta yog lub sij hawm sib faib daim ntawv thiab sab ntsuj plig kev txiav txim zoo, unrestrained txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm qhia ua ke nrog lub scientific, analytical mus kom ze rau hauv tus txheej txheem.

Lub rov tshwm sim thiab kev loj hlob

Ib tug tshiab kev coj yog tus yam khoom los ntawm lub absurd, tsim ib mismatch ntawm tiag tiag kos duab thiab muab tso rau hauv nws ib tug ntawm sab ntsuj plig kev txiav txim zoo. Artistic qhov tseem ceeb, yuav txo tau kom speculative - tias yog dab tsi distinguishes lub avant-garde painting. Ntxias ua zag kev txiav txim thiab tsim nonsensical tom ntej glance installation, stressing tias lub ntsiab lub tswv yim ntawm cov tam sim no. Kom txog rau thaum lub caij txom nyem tshwm sim khaws cia nws puab emptiness, ntuav tus tuav hu - yog hais tias nws yuav tsum tau cais qhov tseeb los ntawm cov cuav qhov tseem ceeb? Nyob rau hauv contemporary kos duab, avant-garde thiab ces sim kom tau rov qab mus rau lub qub kev cai, tej kev txiav txim ntawm kev hloov tus thawj tswvyim.

ntau yam neeg sawv cev

Raug garde sculptor Duchamp tshaj tawm hais tias nws ua hauj lwm ib tug dog dig lub tais, muab tso rau hauv ib lub pedestal. Endi Uorhol tsim ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tin poom. Nyob rau hauv tej yam ua ho, qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus avant-garde painting thiab duab puab ntawm modernism - lub essence ntawm cov thawj yog authoritarian thiab kev ntxias, kev tsis saib xyuas thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv los xij, siv cov qhov nyuaj txoj kev ridicule critics tsis zoo kawm ntawv thiab tsis heev kev cai cov neeg tuaj saib.

Group Fauves

Ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau cov tawm tiam sis nyob rau hauv avant-garde painting, yog tus Fauvism. Pab pawg neeg cov followers txwv lub Impressionists thiab muaj lub siab mus cuag ib tug ib txwm verisimilitude. Rau Fauves tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev siv ntawm catchy songs, tsis kam ntawm cov tsoos foundations. Ntxias tau sib tw lub bourgeois tastes thiab salon kos duab, tsim tej yam me me scenes. Cov neeg sawv cev yuav tau hu ua ntxias xws li Raul Dyufi thiab Marquet. Cov yav tas, nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm tau ploj mus los ntawm Fauvism rau realism - nyob rau hauv lub web "Notre Dame," nws muaj kev tswj kom qhia ncauj lus kom ntxaws precision ntxoov ntxoo dej ntawm lub Seine, lub architectural ntaem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thiab humidity, softening nws nkhaus. Uas vim cov kev muaj tiag Vlamin nyuab thiab Freese sib primitivist ntxhais siv Andre Derain. Distorted, mystical dluab tau tsim los ntawm Georges Rouault. Txawm tias muaj ntau unifying nta Fauves tsis dhau lawm ntev muaj raws li ib tug union, thiab tsis ntev disbanded.

Henri Matisse

Lub Frenchman, mus ib txhis nkag mus hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov kos duab, los ua ib lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntxias nyob rau hauv avant-garde painting. Matisse paintings qhia nws yooj yim muaj tswv yim lub tswv yim rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov xim thiab lub zog nyob rau hauv cov canvases. Nws ntseeg hais tias painting yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau cov suab paj nruag yog muab los ntawm tsuas muaj xya ntawv, thiab sim kom dhau rau lawv tus kheej kev ntawm dab tsi nws pom nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov, Matisse ua xav nyob rau hauv cov duab puab ntawm teb chaws Africa, lub as hniav kos duab thiab Japanese woodcuts, uas yog tseem tshwm nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm. tswv paintings yog khaus ntxoov: ib tug sib sib zog nqus xiav, ntsuab, sib sib zog nqus daj. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws-paub tej hauj lwm muaj xws li paintings:

• "Dance", tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Diaghilev Lavxias teb sab lub caij nyob rau hauv Paris thiab Greek hub painting.
• "Music" nrog rau cov duab ntawm hu nkauj thiab ua si ntau yam seev daim.
• "Liab ntses" nrog zoo kawg li quab yuam ntawm cov xim thiab thawj planar tsim kho ntawm lub painting nrog cov rejection foundations thiab tob.
• "Qwj", yog ib lub xeem tej hauj lwm, tsim los ntawm daim ntawv, pre-xim nyob rau hauv txoj cai xim.

abstractionist Kandinsky

Brightest Lavxias teb sab avant-garde painting yog sawv cev los ntawm no artist. Kandinsky mus feem thiab pom kev tshoov siab nyob rau hauv lub medieval Lavxias teb sab thiab Fabkis kos duab. Nws ua hauj lwm yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov xim dissonances thiab kev ua si tones thiab kab hais tias yuav nws thiaj li tag hloov los ntawm nws ua hauj lwm tiag tiag dluab. Ib txhia ntawm nws paintings raug kev tshoov siab los ntawm raug Lavxias teb sab motives - piv txwv li, "Tus poj niam nyob rau hauv crinolines" los yog "yeeb yuj lub neej". Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, cov artist tsim ib tug series ntawm cov duab "Me me Worlds," uas nws qhia nws lub nyiam nyiam heev rau kev siv ntawm Suprematism loog ua ke nrog ci zoo nkauj. Nyob rau xyoo 1922 Kandinsky raug caw mus qhia nyob rau Bauhaus. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo, cov artist tau pheej experimented nrog rau tus txheej txheem thiab tau tiav impressive tau nyob rau hauv abstractionism - nws exhibitions twb muaj thoob teb chaws Europe, thiab theoretical ua hauj lwm enjoyed zoo nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, piav qhia txog nyob rau hauv kom meej lub tswv yim uas muaj avant-garde painting. Piv txwv li lub sij hawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm "muaj pes tsawg leeg 8" thiab "taw tes thiab ib tug kab nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau."