Kev tsom ntawm cov paj huam "Prozadedavshiesya." Tsom xam ntawm cov paj huam los ntawm Mayakovsky "Prozadedavshiesya"

Vladimir Mayakovsky, raws li paub, unconditionally txais lub kiv puag ncig thiab tos txais lub socialist tawm tsam system. Txawm li cas los, tsom qhov tseeb, nws tau sau nrog khauv xim "kab mob" ntawm cov tshiab tsim. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog tag nrho Soviet bureaucracy, uas Mayakovsky tsis xav tias yuav los ntawm tsoom fwv tshiab. Tus paj huam "Cov neeg txib" yog nws lo lus teb rau qhov teeb meem tam sim no.

Lub ntsej muag ntawm bureaucracy

Lo lus "bureaucracy" tau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm ob lub npe - Fabkis "chancery" thiab Greek "cai". Qhov tshwm sim no tshwm sim rau txhua qhov chaw uas muaj kev tswj hwm pej xeem. Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm (lossis Bureau of Bureaucracy) yog hu ua cov ntaub ntawv ceev xwm txheej ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm sau ntawv.

Analysis ntawm cov paj huam Mayakovsky "Prozasedavshiesya" pab saib lub npog ncauj ntawm "daim ntawv hwj chim" los ntawm cov plaub ntawm xaav ntawm lub lyric, uas ua rau cov duab heev kev paub qhia lo. Ib qho twg, tus kws sau paj huam tsis zoo rau cov cwj pwm ntawv tau piav qhia los ntawm tus yeeb yam: nws txiv tau tuag ntshav lom, uas ua raws li nws tau ntiv tes nrog rab koob, ntawv xaws. Thiab ntawm chav kawm, tus kws sau paj lug nws tus kheej kov cov kab xev liab, thaum nws mob siab rau luam tawm nws qhov kev ua si "The Mystery buff." Muaj tseem sau ntawv nyob rau hauv uas Mayakovsky qhia li cas nws ntsib "bureaucracy tov nrog mockery."

Kev tsom ntawm cov paj huam "Prozadedavshies": lub cuab yeej

Lub hero ntawm kev ua hauj lwm los ntawm thaum ntxov thaum sawv ntxov ("ib me ntsis tsaus ntuj yuav tig mus rau ib qho kev kaj ntug") sim mus rau txais tos rau lub taub hau ntawm "Ivan Vanych", qhov no yog, ntawm chav kawm, ib tug generalized duab ntawm tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm. Qhov no yog deb ntawm thawj kev sim: "Kuv tau los ntawm ib lub sij hawm" (qhov no yog ib phau ntawv Slavic, uas txhais tau hais tias "caij nyoog zoo, ntev heev dhau los"). Tab sis tus thawj coj yeej ib txwm zaum hauv qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm lyrical hero, ib bureaucratic whirlwind yuav siv qhov chaw: ib hnub tom qab hnub, cov neeg ua hauj lwm yog overtaken los ntawm "nag" ntawm "ntawv affairs" (nov yog tus sau siv hyperbole), thiab lawv tuaj koom lub rooj sib tham. Satirical kws sau paj lug txhais lub ntsiab ntawm lub rooj sib tham los sib tham tej teeb meem uas yog tsis zoo, "tus purchase ntawm lub fwj ntawm number case Gubkooperativom" los yog cia li ua tau txawv txawv, "union Theo Gukona" (Teo - ib tug tsiaj ntawv ntawm lub npe "Theatre Department of Narkompros" thiab GUKON - General Directorate nees yuav nteg qe Narkomzema). Nyob rau hauv lub satirical feather ntawm Mayakovsky caij nplooj ntoos zeeg nyiam Soviet abbreviations, uas nws ua si nyob rau hauv ib tug witty kab: "Nyob rau ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm A-Be-ve-gee de deux-ze-tuaj."

Lub tswv yim thiab xav li cas

Ib qho kev tshawb ntawm Mayakovsky zaj paj huam "Cov neeg txib" yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev pom ntawm tus neeg sau txoj kev xav. Thaum xub thawj nws raug tshwj tseg, tus hero qhia rau tus tuav ntaub ntawv txog qhov tias: "Puas yog cov neeg tuaj saib tsis tau?" Txawm li ntawd los, nws tsis kam ua. Thiab tom qab "koj caij ntaiv," koj twb "qhov kaj tsis zoo." Tus kws sau ntawv tsis ncaj qha nws lub xeev, tab sis cov lus siv tsis tshuav ib qho ntawm ib daim duab ntawm tus neeg sab nrauv, tsis muaj hmoo thov.

Tom qab lwm qhov ua tsis tau zoo los ntawm tus tub ceev xwm (twb "ntsia hmo"), lub siab ntawm tus yeeb yam ntawm lyric txawv txav, nws "npau taws heev" "lov mus ua avalanche" rau hauv chav zaum, thiab kuj "wild curse kim khaus." Epithets, raws li peb pom, yog cov lus qhia heev! Thiab ntawm no ua ntej lub hero yog ib qho txaus ntshai scene: "Ib nrab neeg yog zaum". Nws tsis mob siab ntseeg nws lub qhov muag, nws, zoo li txhua tus neeg, nws ntshai thiab ceeb tias: "Kuv tab tom khiav, Kuv tuag," nws lub siab tau ploj mus nrog ib daim duab txaus ntshai. " Tab sis qhov tsis muaj tseeb ntawm tus ceev xwm mas zoo nkaus li ominous, thiab nws hais tias "Nws yog nyob rau hauv ob lub rooj sib tham nyob rau hauv ib zaug". Ua li ntawd xav tsis thoob? Muaj ntau lub rooj sib tham uas lawv yuav tsum tau tawg ntawm lawv: "... mus rau ntawm lub duav no, thiab so nyob ntawm no!" Hyperbole dhau mus ua ib qho grotesque thiab hloov cov lus qhia ua phantasmagoria. Sau cov paj huam pipedream lyrical txog yuav ua li cas soveschateli sau nyob rau hauv lub rooj sib tham "Hais txog lub eradication ntawm tag nrho cov rooj sib tham." Tus kws sau paj lug ironically ua rau nws nyob rau hauv ib qho kev ua txhaum clerical style.

Hom kev tshawb fawb ntawm Mayakovsky zaj paj lug "Prozadedavshiesya"

Undoubtedly, tus paj huam yog tus muaj nyob rau hauv lub ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm ib cov fais fab tuag. Nws, raws li befits ib feuilleton, sharply ridicules lub vices ntawm zej zog, muaj ib journalistic thiab artistic nqis. Tus neeg sau tsis txawj thim ntawm kev sib nkag siab thiab kev thaij duab, kev qhia ua kom paub meej thiab ua rau kev thuam. Muaj ntau zaj lus hais, zoo li lub npe ntawm cov paj huam, tau los ua ntau lub npe thaum lub sijhawm tus kws sau paj huam thiab nws nkag mus hauv cov lus qhuab qhia. Nrog feuilleton ib hom ntawv tseem muaj txuas rau ntawm qhov kev kawm lus thiab kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus kws sau paj lug, raws li muaj tseeb los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm nqe "The Messengers".

Mayakovsky yog ib tug paj huam futurist

Ib tug kws sau paj lug los ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum txhawm cia tsis tau tsuas yog lub xeev system, tab sis kuj cov lus. Cov neeg ntawm kev kos duab tau txhais cov ntsiab lus tshiab, cov kev coj noj coj ua. Qhov muaj siab rau novelty crystallized nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim zoo nkauj ntawm pib ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo - Futurism, uas Mayakovsky enthusiastically sided. Kev tsom ntawm cov paj huam "Prozadedavshiesya" yog li ntawd yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj uas tsim los ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Raws li cov soj ntsuam ntawm, nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Vladimir Mayakovsky muaj ntau tshaj 2800 tshiab lexical designs. Ua ntej nws, hauv kev hais lus Lavxias teb sab, tsis muaj leej twg hnov cov lus "npau taws", zoo li cov neeg tsis paub lus "bifurcate" los yog lub ploj "ora." Thiab lo lus uas sawv hauv lub npe ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ib qho kev ua tshiab uas tsis paub nws sib npaug. Lub ntsiab lus "prozasedavshiesya" - qhov no yog ib qho txiaj ntsim ntawm qhov qhia ua "prozasedatsya", uas kuj tsis yog nyob hauv Lavxias teb sab. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib lo lus yog ze zoo, piv txwv li, rau qhov qhia txog "kom tsis muaj" thiab muaj lub tinge ntawm kev ua tsis zoo, kev tsis muaj kev vam.

Kev kawm tiav ntawm cov paj huam

Txoj hauj lwm yog sau hauv ib lub nplhaib. Peb soj ntsuam ib lub voj voog txhua hnub: los ntawm ib tag kis mus rau tag kis sawv ntxov. Qhov kev xav ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm zaj dab neeg "Prozadedavshiesya" qhia tau hais tias, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv, qhov kev zoo siab, uas loj tuaj rau hauv hero qhov kev nyuaj siab thiab ua kom tiav hauv qhov chaw uas nws pom ib nrab ntawm cov neeg, maj mam txiav thiab hloov mus rau hauv kev xav.