Yaroslav Smelyakov (Lub Ib Hlis 8, 1913 - Kaum Ib Hlis 27, 1972). Lub neej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Sov Sov

Smelyakov Yaroslav Vasilevich yug nyob rau lub ib hlis ntuj 8, 1913 (Hlis ntuj nqeg 26, 1912 Laus Style) nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Lutsk, Volyn cheeb tsam, Ukraine.

Nws txiv ua hauj lwm ua ib yam dab tsi ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau. Niam yog ib tug niam tsev thiab tau koom nrog raising cov me nyuam (muaj peb ntawm lawv tsev neeg).

Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas

Thaum Yaroslav tau txog ib xyoos, Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb pib tau. Hauv no hais txog, tsev neeg raug yuam kom khiav mus rau cov txheeb ze hauv lub zos. Lawv tsis nyob ntev. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm tsev neeg tswm nyob rau hauv Voronezh, qhov chaw uas nws tseem nyob mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo tom ntej.

Smelyakov txiv tuag thaum ntxov, thaum Yaroslav tsuas yog kaum ib xyoos xwb.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, yav tom ntej paj huam mus rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv xya xyoo hauv Moscow, uas nws nyob nrog nws tus tij laug thiab tus muam.

Thaum pib ntawm thirties, Yaroslav kawm tiav los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab los ntawm txoj haujlwm sib txawv nws tau txais kev xa mus rau PFZH (Lenin Polytechnical Factory School).

Nws yog nws leej twg ua si lub luag hauj lwm loj hauv kev ua cov txuj ci yav tom ntej. Smelyakova raug fascinated los ntawm lub neej ua dej npau ntawm lub tsev luam ntawv.

Ua ib tug compositor, tus kws sau paj lug tau zoo siab heev tias nws nyiam cov chav kawm - ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm - muaj kev sib raug zoo.

Pib ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim

Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm thawj txoj hauj lwm tau muab ua tsaug rau nws tus phooj ywg - Vsevolod ntawm Jordan. Nws yog nws leej twg tus cwj pwm Smelyakov coj nws tej hauj lwm mus rau lub magazine "Rost".

Txawm li cas los xij, thaum nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev publishing, Jaroslav Smelyakov tsis to taub qhov rooj ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm thiab ua yuam kev tau muab nws cov nqe lus rau kev saib xyuas rau ib qho kev hwm thiab loj heev "Lub Kaum Hli", uas lub sijhawm ntawd yog cov hluas.

Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm nws cov hauj lwm tau raug pom zoo los ntawm lub rooj tsav xwm lub rooj sib tham thiab luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal.

Nyob rau hauv 1932-1933, Yaroslav Smelyakov tau luam tawm nws thawj zaug sau: "Haujlwm thiab Hlub" thiab "Kwv Huam"

Txawm li cas los, tej lub sij hawm tom qab, nws thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam paj huam (Pavel Vasilyev, Boris Kornilov), los ua ib tug tsim txom los ntawm cuav denunciation, uas yog raug rau lub sij hawm uas, yog vim li cas rau lub tam sim ntawd ntes tsis mus sib hais. Yaroslav Smelyakov tau pov tseg tawm xwb thaum xyoo 1937. Tom qab ntawd nws tau tso tawm ntxov.

Mus txog thaum tsov rog tus kws sau paj huam ua hauj lwm hauv chav lis dej num ntawm ntau lub tsev luam tawm, tau koom hauv kev tshaj tawm txog cov dej num, tau sau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab sau ntawv.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm no nws tau sau cov kab ntawv "Crimean verses", uas tau sau tseg nyob rau hauv phau ntawv zoo: "Litgazeta", "Young Guard", "Red Nova", etc.

Lub Great Patriotic War

Cov phaum ntawm kev tsov kev rog Jaroslav Smelyakov tau ntsib zoo tib yam legkostrelkovoy thib ob brigade nyob rau hauv lub North thiab lub Karelian Pem hauv ntej.

Nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj 1941, nws ncig, nws, zoo li ntau tus tub rog ntawm nws pawg, poob rau hauv kev poob cev qhev nyob hauv Finnish, qhov twg rau peb lub xyoos tom qab nws tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj rau ib tus neeg tsis kam tsom.

Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, uas yog nyob hauv ib qho teeb meem zoo li, Smelyakov skillfully concealed qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg paub zoo uas yog tus paub zoo txog lub sijhawm ntawd.

Tus kws sau paj lug tau rov qab mus rau nws lub teb chaws nyob rau xyoo 1944, thaum yog los ntawm kev sib cav nrog Finland kev sib pauv ntawm cov neeg raug kaw hauv nkuaj tau ua.

Smelyakova tau tos rau txoj hmoo ntawm txhua tus neeg Soviet uas tau tso tseg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog - nws raug xa mus rau lub zos "pom."

Muaj ntau ntau yam hais txog qhov twg Smelyakov nyob rau lub sijhawm no. Nws yog precisely paub tias nws ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv ib lub coal mine nyob ze Moscow, tab sis muaj cov lus qhia txog nws tuaj txog hauv lub nroog industrial Stalinogorsk (tam sim no - Novomoskovsk) ntawm thaj av Tula.

Postwar xyoo

Tom qab ob peb xyoos ntawm kev raug kaw, tus kws sau paj lug rau txoj kev cawm dim tau los ntawm nws tus phoojywg zoo Constantin Simonov, uas cia li rub nws tus tij laug tawm ntawm kev ploj.

Nyob rau hauv 1948, Smelyakov thawj cov ntawv ua tiav ua tsov ua rog, Lub Kremlin Spruce, tau luam tawm, uas muaj cov nqe ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog xyoo.

Txawm li cas los, tus kws sau paj lug tsis nyob ntev ntawm kev ywj pheej. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1951, ib tug neeg tsis paub sau tau ib qho kev tsis txaus siab txog kev sib tham hauv Smelyakov lub tsev.

Tus kws sau paj huam tau muaj lub npe ntawm 58 hauv Tsoomfwv Txuj Ci ntawm USSR, raws li nws tau raug rau txim hauv daim ntawv nees nkaum tsib xyoos ntawm chaw pw.

Yog li, Smelyakov tau txais cov neeg txawj ntse nrog Arctic Vajvoog. Camp lub neej cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus kws sau paj lug.

Nyob rau xyoo 1956, tau hais tias, "ua rau lub koog ntawm Stalin" raug kaw, raws li cov neeg raug kaw coob tus neeg raug tsim txom. Kev ywj pheej raug tso tawm thiab Yaroslav Smelyakov. Tus kws sau paj huam yuav nco ntsoov cov hnub mus rau qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej "nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev cap, nyob rau hauv lub tsho pw camp".

Txhua xyoo tom qab ntawm nws lub neej nws mob siab rau cov ntaub ntawv tsim.

Thaum lub sijhawm no, tus kws sau paj huam tau muab peb qhov kev txiav txim, nrog rau Lub Xeev Lub Tebchaws ntawm USSR xyoo 1967 thiab 1968.

Smelyakov tuag nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 27, 1972. Nws raug muab faus rau tom Novodevichich Tojntxas nyob hauv Moscow.

Koj tus kheej lub neej

Thawj thawj zaug ntawm tus kws sau paj huam nyob rau hauv 30s. Nws yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj huam Margarita Aliger (nws yees duab, hauv qab no, ua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-70s), uas, nrog Smelyakov, tau mus xyuas ib lub koom txoos zaj dab neeg.

Ib qhov chaw nyob hauv nov tshiab yog qhov raug nplhaib los ntawm Smelyakov rau tus kws sau paj lug.

Raws li Aliger, thaum ib yam dab tsi tshwm sim rau tus kws sau paj lug, lub nplhaib tau ploj mus. Yog li, piv txwv li, nws tshwm sim thaum Smelyakov tau txais los ntawm kev poob cev qhev hauv Finnish.

Nrog Evdokia Vasilyevna nws tau ntsib nyob rau hauv post-war xyoo. Nws tau los ua thawj tug poj niam nrog Jaroslav Smelyakov tau sib yuav. Tus kws sau paj huam thiab Evdokia nyob ua ke ob xyoos xwb: Smelyakov tau sib nrauj nws tus poj niam xwv nws thiaj li tiv thaiv nws ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia uas nqos nws. Los ntawm kev sib yuav no tus kws sau paj lug muaj ib tug tub.

Qhov thib ob tsev neeg, tsim Smelyakov, zoo siab ntau. Lub sijhawm no Tatyana Streshneva tau los ua ib tug kws sau ntawv.

Tus kws sau pajhuam Yaroslav Smelyakov, uas nws phau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, yog tus kws sau paj lug tiag tiag, "tus xibfwb ntawm cov cim npe", uas nws cov lus qhia txog kev txaus ntshai thiab txaus ntshai ntawm cov keeb kwm ntawm peb lub tebchaws tau poob.