Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States: lub tiaj thiab tus yam ntxwv

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub US pib nrog thawj ib nrab ntawm lub thib kaum xya xyoo pua. Lub neej ntawm colonists uas tuaj txog nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau lub sij hawm yog tag nrho ntawm kev txom nyem thiab thaum ntxov kawm heev txhawj, tiam sis tau pib qhib - nws yog zoo li ib tug me me lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab ib tug ncaj loj kev kawm cov chaw. Piv txwv li, ib tug zoo-paub Harvard University twb nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1636.

Secondary kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv America mas lub xeev, nws yog cov nyiaj txiag los ntawm lub xeev pob nyiaj siv, tsoom fwv teb chaws thiab lub zos. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub US kawm ntawv qib siab system yog tsim kom tias feem ntau cov universities hauj lwm rau ib tug private hauv paus, kom lawv thiaj li yuav nyiam cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm tag nrho cov thoob lub ntiaj teb.

qauv

Nyob rau lub xeev ntawm txawv hnub nyoog rau cov pib ntawm kev kawm thiab nws cov duration. Rau cov kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws pib nrog tsib mus rau yim xyoo, thiab xaus ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm kaum yim los yog kaum cuaj xyoos. Thawj American cov me nyuam mus rau cov thawj cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab kev kawm muaj kom txog thaum lub thib tsib los yog thib rau hauv chav kawm ntawv (nyob ntawm seb lub tsev kawm ntawv koog tsev kawm ntawv). Ces lawv nkag mus rau high school nyob rau hauv uas kawm xaus yim hauv chav kawm ntawv. Txwj Laug, los yog ntau dua, lub tsev kawm ntawv - yog lub cuaj rau kaum ob qib.

Cov ntxhais thiab cov tub hluas uas tau txais kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, yuav nkag mus rau qib siab. Tom qab kev kawm muaj rau ob lub xyoos, lawv tau ib tug degree, uas yog sib npaug rau kev kawm haujlwm nyob rau hauv Russia. Thiab koj muaj peev xwm thiaj hloov tau nyob rau hauv tsev kawm qib siab los yog university tam sim ntawd plaub lub xyoos thiab muab tau ib daim bachelor degree. Leej twg ces yuav mus kawm ntawv ntxiv thiab tom qab ob los yog peb lub xyoos yuav tau txais ib tug master degree los yog doctorate.

thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv

Ntawm no yog kawm cov me nyuam muaj hnub nyoog tsib mus rau kaum ib los yog kaum ob xyoos. Raws li nyob rau hauv Russia, tag nrho cov kawm yog qhia los ntawm ib tug xib fwb qhia ntawv, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm cov suab paj nruag, kos duab thiab kawm siv lub cev. Ntawm cov kev kawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv kawm muaj kev laij zauv (tej zaum - elementary algebra), kev sau ntawv, nyeem ntawv. Social thiab natural sciences nyob rau hauv thawj lub tsev kawm ntawv kawm me ntsis thiab feem ntau siv rau hauv daim ntawm lub zos keeb kwm. Nta ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States yog xws li hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau lub respects cov kev cob qhia muaj excursions, kos duab tej yaam num thiab kev lom zem. Qhov no daim ntawv ntawm kev kawm tau tshwm sim vim hais tias ntawm cov khiav ntawm hnyav kawm ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua thaum ntxov, uas qhia hais tias cov me nyuam yuav tsum tau txais kev txawj ntse los ntawm txhua hnub ua thiab los tshuaj txog lawv cov teebmeem.

kawm ntawv theem nrab

Ntawm no, cov menyuam kawm ntawv qhia los ntawm kaum ib los yog kaum ob los kaum-plaub xyoo. Txhua tus kws qhia ntawv qhia nws cov kev kawm. Cov ntaub ntawv kawm muaj xws li Lus Askiv, lej, social thiab natural sciences, kawm siv lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov me nyuam yuav nws tus kheej xaiv ib tug los yog ob tug tub kawm txoj kev kawm rau koj tus kheej, raws li ib tug txoj cai, tej khoom ntawm cov kos duab, txawv teb chaws lus thiab technologies.

Nyob rau hauv high school, cov menyuam kawm pib sib faib mus rau hauv kwj: zoo tib yam thiab tshaj. Ua zoo nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv cov me nyuam sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub "saib xyuas" cov chav kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv uas tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qhov ceev thiab muaj zog kev kawm uas yuav tsum tau. Tam sim no, txawm li cas los, nws thuam lub tsev kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States: cov kws txawj ntseeg tau hais tias qhov kev sib cais ntawm siab achievers thiab qeeb kawm tsis muab ua kom muaj siab mus rau yav tas los caum cuag.

High tsev kawm ntawv

Qhov no yog zaum kawg theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv, nrog rau cov kawm nyob rau hauv lub cuaj rau kaum ob qib. Nyob rau hauv high school, cov menyuam kawm ntawv pom zoo ntau txoj kev ywj pheej nyob rau hauv cov kev xaiv ntawm kev kawm los kawm. tsawg kawg yuav tsum yog teem los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv board yog muab rau muab ib tug diploma.

Kawm ntawv qib siab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States

Lub teb chaws muaj kwv yees li 4500 cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab. Ntau tshaj li tsib caug feem pua ntawm cov menyuam kawm xaiv kev kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug rau-xyoo program (Bachelor + Master). Kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States txhua xyoo tau txais ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm ib lab txawv teb chaws cov tub ntxhais kawm, ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm lawv yog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws Es Xias. tus nqi ntawm kev kawm ntawv yog nce txhua txhua xyoo, thiab qhov no siv rau cov pej xeem thiab private universities. Rau ib xyoos ntawm kev tshawb no yog tsim nyog los kis los ntawm tsib mus rau plaub caug txhiab dollars (nyob ntawm seb lub tsev). Txawm li cas los, cov tau nyiaj tsawg cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj ntau universities them lub siab dawb siab kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv hais lus Americans feem ntau tag nrho cov kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev yog hu ua kawm ntawv qib siab, txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws tsis yog kawm ntawv qib siab, thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv.

hom kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev

Kawm ntawv qib siab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States yuav tsum tau muab faib mus rau hauv peb hom. Cov tsev kawm ntawv txawv mas nyob rau hauv cov cua thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm. College ntawm lub University los ntawm qhov uas tsis / xub ntiag ntawm kev tshawb fawb cov kev pab cuam thiab kev tshawb fawb graduate.

Tsev kawm ntawv qib feem ntau tshwm sim me nyuam kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm thiab kev ua hauj lwm yog tshaj lub Scope ntawm kev kawm ntawv. Raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov neeg kawm ntawv qib siab uas yuav tsum tau ib tug plaub-xyoo degree, yog private thiab me me (yuav siv sij hawm txog li ob txhiab me nyuam kawm ntawv). Txawm tias loj State College rau feemxyuam hluas cov neeg tau raug tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los. Nyob rau hauv US txoj cai nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv tej zaum yuav sau npe kawm ib tug neeg nyob ntawm lub chaw uas lawv nyob, tiam sis ua tau ua rau nws zoo nkauj tsis yooj yim. Vim hais tias txawv lub tsev kawm ntawv txawv kev kawm cov qauv kawm ntawv qib siab tsis tshua tso siab rau cov qhab nia ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab muab lawv cov xeem rau lawv.

Tag nrho cov universities ntawm lub teb chaws, ib yam nkaus thiab, yog muab faib rau cov state universities raug pab nyiaj los ntawm tsoom fwv thiab lwm tsev. Yog li nyob rau hauv thawj hwj chim dog dig ua tsis tau zoo mus rau yav tas. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm state universities - mus qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm nyob rau hauv lawv cov cheeb tsam, thiab rau cov neeg hluas los ntawm lwm lub xeev tsim kev sib tw, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau them cov nqi kawm ntawv ntau zog cov nqi. Nyob rau hauv cov universities qhov zoo tshaj ntawm kev kawm ntawv feem ntau suffers vim hais tias ntawm loj heev pawg, bureaucracy thiab tsis muaj kev saib xyuas ntawm cov xib fwb rau cov menyuam kawm. Tab sis txawm qhov no, muaj ntau yam high school kawm tiav thiab txawm txawv teb chaws cov neeg thov kev xav mus kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States pab yaj rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws state universities, nrog rau Michigan thiab Virginia, raws li zoo raws li lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm California ntawm Berkeley.

Rau cov private kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev mus rau lub nto moo tshaj plaws American universities, namely, Stanford, Harvard, Princeton, MIT, Yale, California lub koom haum ntawm Technology (Caltech). Feem ntau ntawm cov private universities - ntawm medium loj, me, tab sis muaj ntau heev me me (piv txwv li, Caltech) thiab loj heev (piv txwv li, lub University yav qab teb California).

Lub US Kawm

Kawm ntawv qib siab nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States yog pom tias yuav tau ib yam ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nyob rau hauv dav dav, lub theem ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas nce mus txog 99 feem pua. Raws li statistics nyob rau hauv 2011, 86 feem pua ntawm cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas uas muaj hnub nyoog ntawm nees nkaum-tsib xyoo muaj kev kawm haujlwm (lub tsev kawm ntawv + ob xyoos kawm ntawv qib siab), thiab 30 rau ib xees - ib tug bachelor degree (plaub-xyoo tsev kawm ntawv + kawm ntawv qib siab los yog university).

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau txoj kev vam meej ntawm kev kawm ntawv hauv tsev, kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States yog muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem. Raws li hauv lub tebchaws United States Secretary of Education, lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv stagnation thiab yuav tsis lwv nrog ntau lwm lub teb chaws. Hais txog 25 feem pua ntawm cov American cov tub ntxhais kawm muaj peev xwm tsis ua kom tiav lawv cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, vim hais tias nws tsis tau tiv nrog qhov kawg kev kuaj mob.

Nyob rau hauv xaus

Txawm tias ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub US system ntawm kev kawm ntawv tau tsim muaj nws tus kheej raws li ib tug ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Kaum ntawm txhiab tus neeg txhua txhua xyoo tuaj rau lub tebchaws United States los ntawm txawv teb chaws nrog tsuas yog ib lub hom phiaj - los kawm nyob rau hauv American ntawv qib siab thiab universities. Nyob rau hauv lub US kawm ntawv qib siab hauv tsev ntau tshaj nyob rau hauv lwm lub xeev. Tab sis xws li universities li Harvard, Stanford, Cambridge, Princeton, tau ntev lawm synonymous nrog lub siab tshaj plaws qib ntawm kev kawm ntawv thoob ntiaj teb. Cov neeg uas tau kawm tiav los ntawm lawv, muaj txhua lub caij nyoog nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej los tsim kom tau ib txoj hauj lwm.