Education Program: Keeb kwm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob

Yuav ua li cas los qhia thiab yuav ua li cas qhia li cas? Lo lus nug no twb tshuav thoob plaws hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv lub keeb kwm. Thiab cov xib fwb, thiab cov politicians yeej paub zoo txog, lub luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm kev kawm cov ntsiab lus rau txoj kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov hluas tiam thiab rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub xeev raws li ib tug tag nrho. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov paub, piv txwv li, lub Spartan system ntawm kev kawm ntawv, knightly kev kawm ntawv system nyob rau hauv Teb chaws Europe, cov kev kawm ntawv qhov kev pab cuam gentlemen nyob rau hauv ces.

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm kev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv Russia, dhau lawm, muaj nthuav sij hawm thaum lub kev kawm ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau hloov radically. Ib tug ntawm cov kho yog tus restructuring ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais Soviet koom pheej.

Tom qab lub 1917 Lub kaum hli ntuj txheej xwm ntawm lub xyoo nyob rau ntawm lub helm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub neej twb Lunacharskii thiab Krupskaya. Lawv productions nyob rau hauv 1918 cov thawj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lub tsev kawm ntawv tau npaum li cas. Yog hais tias koj nyeem cov "Basic Principles of the Unified Labor tsev kawm ntawv" los ntawm lub foundations ntawm cov tam sim no hnub ntawm Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv, ces nws muaj kev ruaj ntseg yuav tau hu rau lawv kawm thiab niaj hnub.

Tom qab tshuaj ntsuam qhov kev pab cuam, lub US thiab European kev kawm ntawv, Krupskaya thiab Lunacharskii muaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm tus tshiab Soviet lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov feem ntau hnyav tswv yim.

Hwm rau qhov tus menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov rejection ntawm lub cev txim, active kev kawm txoj kev, ib tug neeg mus kom ze rau txhua tus menyuam kawm ntawv, cov kev loj hlob ntawm gifted cov me nyuam thiab kev pab rau cov laggards - qhov no yog ib tug tsis tiav daim ntawv teev cov hais tias lub tsev kawm ntawv kho.

Tshiab Lub tsev kawm ntawv renounced siv ntawm lub cev txim ntawm flogging menyuam kawm ntawv. Yuav tsum tau rau cov xib fwb los muab tso rau pem ib - tau txhawb cov me nyuam nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawv, yog li ntawd muaj yog tsis muaj yog vim li cas rau txim. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus tsim kho cov tub ntxhais kawm - menyuam kawm ntawv tsoom fwv.

Education Program ntawm United Labor tsev kawm ntawv twb nyob ib ncig ntawm peb lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm me nyuam kawm ntawv lub neej: xwm, ua hauj lwm rau, haiv neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov xyoo, cov xib fwb tau hais kom siv li cas peb tam sim no hu kev kawm ntawv.

Lub ntsiab kev kawm ntawm elementary kawm ntawv - ib tug zoo rau cov me nyuam txoj kev encyclopedia. Piv txwv li, xaiv ib qho khoom animate los yog tswg xwm (tus tsiaj mechanism, lub ntuj tshwm sim) thiab suav hais tias los ntawm lub standpoint ntawm tib neeg siv, qhia cov ntaub ntawv rau lub cev thiab tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm tus kwv, nws keeb kwm, keeb kwm thiab kev loj hlob, thiab lwm yam Uas yog ntsib nrog cov khoom ntawm kev muaj tiag yuav tsum muaj comprehensively los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm tag nrho cov sciences.

Ib exaggerated tswv yim ntawm cov kho kom zoo kev pab cuam ntawm kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov sij hawm yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov zaj duab xis "Ob tug Captains" los ntawm V.Kaverinu. Nco ntsoov yuav ua li cas cov tub ntxhais kawm tau kawm nyuj. Nyob rau hauv hom lus kawm sau lo lus "nyuj", kawm geography, qhov twg cov tib nyuj nyob.

Kev txhim kho cov kev kawm ntawv system nyob rau hauv Soviet Russia thiab lam xav cov kev taw qhia tshiab qhia txoj kev. Cov kev ntawm tej yaam num tuaj rau tsev kawm ntawv. Tub ntxhais kawm ntawv kawm los npaj lawv cov kev tshawb fawb, ua kev tshawb fawb ua hauj lwm, cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm tej yaam num tswj tej lub neej transformation. Cov tub ntxhais kawm qhov kev pab cuam ntawm lub koog tsev kawm ntawv Labor yog tsim zog. Ua hauj lwm thiab active, muaj tswv yim kev txawj ntse ntawm lub ntiaj teb no - uas yog dab tsi lub Reformers nrhiav.

Tab sis lawv cov tswv yim tsis tuaj yeej muaj tseeb ces. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, tsis yog txhua txhua cov xib fwb muaj peev xwm ua pom rau yav tom ntej txoj kev loj hlob ntawm reformist tswv yim. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, cov tab tom yuav totalitarian tsoom fwv tsis xav tau los mus xav neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj 1931 cov neeg sab nrauv tau txais ib tug daws teeb meem foom phem rau peb tes num thiab qauv (nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ib bourgeois), thiab ua hauj lwm, thiab active kev kawm. Rau ntau xyoo lub tsev kawm ntawv tau tuaj deev kev kawm ntawv system raws li tus cai hais txog "rau lo lus nug ntawm tus kws qhia - menyuam kawm ntawv cov lus teb"

Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub 90 xyoo lub Lavxias teb sab lub tsev kawm ntawv dua hnov lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua nyob rau hauv tus qauv issleovatelskoy tej yaam num thiab kev ua ub no ntawm humanistic kev kawm ntawv.