Inertia quab yuam

Thaum xav li cas yog tus quab yuam ntawm inertia (SI), misunderstandings feem ntau tshwm sim, ua rau pseudo-scientific discoveries thiab paradoxes. Cia saib qhov teeb meem no los ntawm thov ib tug scientific mus kom ze thiab pum tag nrho cov hais tias yuav txhawb tau cov qauv.

Lub quab yuam ntawm inertia yog tag nrho cov nyob ib ncig ntawm peb. Nws ces, cov neeg pom nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tab sis lawv yuav tsis piav. Tiag nws twb kawm los ntawm Galileo, ces paub Isaak Nyuton. Nws yog vim hais tias ntawm nws lengthy txhais los ua tau erroneous hypothesis. Qhov no yog heev tej yam ntuj tso, vim hais tias tus paub txog ua lub suggestion, thiab cov sau kev paub ntawm science nra nyob hauv daim teb tsis tau ua ib ke.

Newton sib cav hais tias lub ntuj khoom teejtug uas yog tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas cov khoom no muaj peev xwm yuav nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm niaj hnub tsa suab nyob rau hauv ib tug ncaj kab los yog thaum so, muab hais tias tsis muaj lwm cawv.

Cia peb rau lub hauv paus ntawm tam sim no kev paub txog "cuag" no assumption. Txawm Galileo Galilei qhia hais tias tus quab yuam ntawm inertia yog ncaj qha txog lub ntiajteb txawj nqus (attraction). Ib tug tej yam ntuj tso attracting khoom, cov nyhuv uas yog cuab kev - nws yog ib tug ntiaj chaw thiab ib lub hnub qub (vim nws nyhav). Thiab txij li thaum lawv muaj ib tug kheej kheej zoo lawm, ces nws thiab muaj Galileo. Tab sis Newton yog tam sim no lig ignored.

Peb tam sim no paub hais tias tag nrho qab ntuj khwb yog permeated los ntawm gravitational kab ntawm ua siv. Kov paub tseeb hais tias, txawm hais tias tsis muaj pov thawj lej lub hav zoov ntawm gravitational tawg. Thiaj li, tus quab yuam ntawm inertia yeej ib txwm muaj tshwm sim nrog rau cov kev pab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus. Newton nyob rau hauv nws assumption ntawm ib tug "natural zog" ntawm qhov no kuj tsis tau xav txog.

Ntau zoo emanate los ntawm lwm yam ntsiab lus - hais tias quab yuam yog ib tug vector kom muaj nuj nqis uas nws muaj nqis yog qhov khoom ntawm lub loj (m) ntawm mus rau lub cev thiab nws cov acceleration (a). Acceleration vector yog hais rov qab, xws li:

F = m * (- ib tug),

nyob F, thiab - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog vectors, thiab lub resulting acceleration; m - loj ntawm lub mus lub cev (los yog xyuam xim khoom point).

Ib qho tseem ceeb point: nws yog ib tug yuam kev rau xav hais tias cov acceleration yog tshwm sim los ntawm lub heev quab yuam, raws li tej zaum nws yuav zoo li los ntawm lub mis. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog sau «piv», tab sis «ib tug» - raws li ib tug hint.

Physics thiab Txhua yam muaj ob lub npe rau ib tug uas zoo sib xws tej yam: lub Coriolis quab yuam ntawm inertia thiab portable (lub psi). Ob nqe lus yog interchangeable. Qhov txawv yog hais tias cov thawj kev xaiv yog dav paub thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm mechanics. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, lub koob pheej ntawm lawv:

F kor = F ib = m * (- ib tug kor) = m * (- ib tug ib),

qhov twg F - lub Coriolis quab yuam; F ib - nqa lub zog ntawm inertia; ib tug kor thiab ib tug ib - sib nug xov acceleration vectors.

Psi muaj peb yam: lub centrifugal quab yuam ntawm inertia, lub Translational thiab muab SI. Yog hais tias tus thawj yog feem ntau yooj yim ua li ntawd, ces lwm tus ob yuav tsum tau piav qhia. Translational inertia dag zog yuam yog txiav txim los ntawm lub acceleration ntawm lub tag nrho qhov system nrog hwm rau ib co inertial system thaum lub sij hawm Translational tsab ntawv tsa suab ntau yam. Raws li, muaj ib tug thib peb feem ntawm cov acceleration uas zoo nkaus li thaum lub cev rotates. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, peb rog yuav nyob ua ib ke ntawm nws tus kheej, tsis tau ib feem ntawm cov YIAS. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tug thiab tib yooj yim mis F = m * ib tug, thiab tsuas yog sib txawv nyob rau hauv lub hom acceleration uas, nyob rau hauv lem, yog nyob ntawm cov hom ntawm cov lus tsa suab. Yog li, lawv yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Coriolis quab yuam ntawm inertia. Txhua yam ntawm lawv yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub xam ntawm lub theoretical tsis acceleration ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas lub cev (cov ntsiab lus) nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj reference system (pom tsis tau tus soj ntawm cov uas tsis yog-inertial system).

Psi uas yuav tsum tau thaum xaiv cov txheeb ze tsab ntawv tsa suab li mus tsim ib lub cev muaj zog ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv ib tug uas tsis yog-inertial system yuav tsum siv sij hawm mus rau hauv tus account tsis tau tsuas yog rau lwm paub rog, tab sis kuj nws (F kor los yog F ib).