Immanuel Velikovsky: biography thiab duab

Immanuel Velikovsky yog ib tug paub zoo psychoanalyst yug nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Lavxias teb sab. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb nws siv nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm science nws tseem ua ib tug connoisseur ntawm geology thiab astronomy, tus sau ntawm ntau thawj theories. Piv txwv, "revisionist chronology." Raws li nws, Velikovsky npaj siab mus rau revised lub ancient keeb kwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais txog lub Middle East.

Biography ntawm Velikovsky

Immanuel Velikovsky tau yug los hauv tebchaws Asmeskas Tebchaws Asmesliskas xyoo 1895. Nws yug los rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Vitebsk, uas tam sim no yog ib feem ntawm Belarus. Nws niam nws txiv yog neeg Yudas. Kuv txiv yog ib tug tub luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsev neeg tau ua raws nraim li kev cai dab qhuas. Leej Txiv Immanu-ees kuj yog tus neeg pej xeem. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog ib tug activist ntawm Zionist zog.

Immanuel Velikovsky tau txais ib qho kev qhia ntawv zoo. Thiab thaum pib hauv tsev, nws tsis mus rau chav ua si, tiam sis nws niam nws txiv tau pom zoo rau nws txoj kev txawj ntse ntawm nws tus tub. Raws li ib tug me nyuam, Immanuel tau kawm Phau Vaj Lug Kub thiab Yudai cov ntawv zoo, nws paub Fab Kis thiab lus German.

Thaum tus tub loj hlob, nws raug xa mus rau Moscow Imperial Gymnasium. Lub tsev tau dim ntawm hnub no. Tam sim no nws nyob hauv Griboedov Gymnasium.

Xaiv qhov chaw uasi

Xaiv hom kev kawm uas nws yuav ua hauv lub neej, Immanuel tsis yooj yim. н получал образование в шотландском Эдинбурге. Hais txog n twb kawm nyob rau hauv Edinburgh, Scotland. Thiab nrog rau lub ntiaj teb ua tsov ua rog kuv nkag mus rau cov kws kho mob. Lub koom haum ntawm ib tus kws kho mob nyob rau hauv cov xyoo yog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv kev thov. Tab sis nws tsis cia nws tus kheej los kawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no nkaus xwb. Simultaneously, Immanuel Velikovsky tau ntsib cov kev kawm ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los thiab kev cai dab qhuas.

Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw

Nyob rau hauv Russia lub tsev neeg ntawm Velikovsky nyob ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig. Tom qab ntawd, lawv raug yuam kom khiav mus rau sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws. Tab sis ntawm no lawv tsis zoo siab, Velikovsky twb yuav luag tua los ntawm cov txiv neej dawb.

Nws rov qab mus rau Moscow tsuas yog xyoo 1921. Tus hero ntawm peb tsab xov xwm tau tswj xyuas kom rov qab los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws tau txais daim master degree hauv kev kho mob. Cov kws kho mob tau tsim nyog rau cov tub ntxhais hluas lub Xeev.

Txawm li cas los, Velikovskys tsis tuaj yeem pom lawv tus kheej hauv qhov kev hloov tiag. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1922 lawv tawm hauv lub tebchaws. Immanuel cov niam txiv tau mus rau Palestine, qhov chaw uas nws txiv tau txuas tswv yim rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm kev thaj tsam av ua ntej rau cov neeg Ixayees, thiab Immanuel tau mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemes. Nws nyob hauv Berlin.

Nyob rau hauv German capital, nws pib los kawm txog natural science. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw nws yog txaus siab nyob rau hauv biology. Nyob hauv Vienna thiab Zurich, nws tau pib to taub cov kev qhia ntawm psychoanalysis, thiab nws kuj tau raug coj los ntawm lub txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub hlwb.

Ua tau nrog Einstein

Plaub nws tus kheej Velikovsky nyob Berlin. Ntawm no nws tau luam tawm ib phau ntawv hu ua popular science magazine, uas nws lub npe txhais ua lus Mev ntawm Latin yuav muab txhais ua "Written University."

Nyob rau hauv no magazine nws sau cov khoom los ntawm Albert Einstein, nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd Velikovsky ze rau nws. Tus kws kho mob nto moo ntawm lub cev thiab lub suab zauv uas tau luam tawm hauv lub moj khaum ntawm "Written University".

Hauv tsab ntawv no, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau sib sau ua ke, tom qab ntawd tau tsim lub Yudai Hebrew hauv Yeluxalees. Tom qab Yelemees, Immanuel Velikovsky tau nyob hauv Palestine nrog nws niam nws txiv, uas nws tau tsim ib phau ntawv kawm tshawb fawb.

Txiav txim siab hauv nws txoj hmoo yog kev txav mus rau Tebchaws Meskas thaum xyoo 1939. Nws nyob hauv Amelikas tias Velikovsky tau pib tsim thiab tsim nws lub tswv yim kev tawm tswv yim.

Tswv yim ntawm Velikovsky

Nyob rau hauv kaum tsib thiab plaub, Velikovsky tau luam tawm ib co xov xwm uas nws pib nquag polemicize nrog cov kws tshawb fawb xws li Charles Darwin, uas tau tsim theories ntawm ntuj xaiv thiab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm tus txiv neej, thiab Charles Lyell, uas yog tus tsim tus qauv ntawm cov ntiaj teb niaj hnub no.

Velikovsky formulated ib txoj kev xav raws li lub cosmic catastrophes muaj ib tug tib neeg thiab tej lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua geological, thiab tseem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm keeb kwm nyob rau hauv dav dav.

Tus phab ej ntawm zaj lus no nquag thov mus rau ntau yam kev kawm, xws li keeb kwm, geophysics, mythology, astronomy, archaeology, linguistics thiab txawm tias lus dab neeg. Yog li ntawd, Velikovsky tau los xaus rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb tau nyem mus txog thaum nyuam qhuav. Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho, tus kws tshawb fawb tau nco ntsoov tsim ntawm glaciers, seas, toj siab, volcanic kev ua si. Cov Timkhawv ntawm qhov kev hloov no yog cov neeg uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ob peb lub sijhawm - lub Hnub Nyoog thiab Hnub Nyoog Hlau, thiab lub hnub nyoog Neolithic.

Feem ntau ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los

Ntxiv mus, Velikovsky paub tias cosmic catastrophes cuam tshuam tsis tsuas geological, tab sis kuj keeb kwm kev dab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau ntawm qhov teeb meem nyob rau hauv Middle East. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws sau tseg hais tias cov tib cov txheej txheem muaj feem xyuam rau cov txheej xwm hauv phau npaiv npaum.

Nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub cataclysms nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci system muaj ib tug ncaj qha feem rau lawv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov tawm ntawm cov ntiaj teb los ntawm lub qhov taub, qhov hloov ntawm cov kev hloov ntawm lub ntiaj teb xwb, thiab qhov hloov ntawm cov huab cua climatic.

Immanuel Velikovsky, uas nws daim ntawv sau txog kev mob siab rau cov kev tshawb fawb, sib cav hais tias lub obliteration ntawm qhov tseeb cov xwm txheej, uas cov tiam tom ntej tsis nco qab, vim yog lub ntiaj teb no kev sib haum xeeb ntawm tib neeg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus kws tshawb fawb siv cov ntsiab lus los ntawm psychoanalysts. Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb tau thov, kev puas ntsoog ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tau raug yuam mus rau thaj chaw subconscious, los ntawm qhov uas nws tsis tau mus extract lawv.

Chronology ntawm lub Ancient Worlds

Nws lub tswv yim tau tsim los ntawm ntau phau ntawv los ntawm Immanuel Velikovsky. "Kev sib koom tes ntawm lub ntiaj teb" los ua ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv nws nws sib cav hais tias lub chronology ntawm ancient civilizations, uas yog siv txhua qhov, yog erroneous. Inaccuracies mus tom qab cov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov thawj xib fwb Egypt, thawj zaug incorrectly txiav txim rau cov hnub ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb keeb kwm. Yog li no chronology xav tau rov xyuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm qhov tseeb discoveries nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb ntawm science.

Velikovsky Immanuel, uas nws cov phau ntawv nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd kuj zoo siab, txhais ob lub sij hawm, txhua lasting kwv yees li 600 xyoo, nyob rau hauv uas keeb kwm kev tshwm sim thiab cov duab tshwm nyob rau hauv txawv npe.

Yog li, nyob rau hauv nws phau ntawv Immanuel Velikovsky (Lub Clash of the Worlds, pdf version uas kuj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau), nws piav qhia txog yog vim li cas tsis muaj xov xwm nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw qhia txog, ntawm ib sab, cov neeg Iyiv, thiab nyob rau lwm qhov, phau qub. Velikovsky tau muab tso tawm ib qho kev xav txog lwm txoj kev tsim dua tshiab ntawm keeb kwm. Nws tso cai rau nws txheeb xyuas cov lus tseeb, cov lus piav qhia uas yav dhau los tsis tau pom.

Rov ua dua tshiab

Piv txwv tau raug muab los ntawm Immanuel Velikovsky ("The Collision of the Worlds" kuj tau muab siab rau qhov no) Hyksos. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov neeg uas kov yeej ib feem ntawm Ancient Egypt. Lawv xav tias lawv yog Amalekites - ib tug neeg uas tau quaj qw txog Arabia thiab Palestine. Cov Filixatee coj cov tub rog uas yog Persian thiab Greek mercenaries.

Tawm ntawm qhov kev paub no, Velikovsky tau qhia txog tus kav thaus liv Xas Khem Hatshepsut nrog tus poj huab tais ntawm Sheba, hu ua phau Vajluskub qub, thiab Pharaoh Thutmose III, leej twg, raws li cov kws paub txog Egyptnists, tau kov yeej Palestine thiab Syria, piv nrog tus Vajntxwv Biblical Shishak, uas tau paub zoo txog lub plundering ntawm lub tuam tsev Jerusalem hauv lub xyoo pua 10 BC.

Civilizations yog "ghosts"

Nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim keeb kwm ntawm Velikovsky, lub tswv yim ntawm "dab" kev coj noj coj ua hauv lub neej. Lawv, raws li cov saib ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, tau sawv los ntawm qhov yuam kev nyob rau hauv cov cim chronology. Piv txwv li, nws ntseeg hais tias Hittite faj tim teb chaws tsis muaj. Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws yog ib tug Chaldean-Babylonian kev vam meej, uas muaj me ntsis tom qab.

Nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo no, tib tug neeg yog tus thawj coj Npanpiloo Nebuchadnezzar thiab Hittite tus vajntxwv Hattusili.

Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm Velikovsky

Nyob rau hauv lub zej zog cov kev tshawb fawb, cov tswv yim ntawm Velikovsky raug soj ntsuam nyob hauv ntau txoj kev. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws biography ntawm tus hero ntawm no tsab xov xwm sau Ion Degen. "Immanuel Velikovsky" - nws hu ua tias. Nyob rau hauv nws, tus sau piav qhia nyob rau hauv kom meej qhov txoj hmoo ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, cov neeg txuam nrog nws.

Immanuel Velikovsky, uas nws yees duab nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua pua xyoo feem ntau tshwm rau cov nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv qhia kev kawm uas nrov tshaj plaws, xav tias cov kev hloov loj yuav tsum tau ua rau kev piav qhia txog feem ntau cov neeg txheej thaum ub. Piv txwv, qhov no siv rau Mediterranean, Mesopotamia, Phenicia thiab Egypt, Tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Npanpiloo, Axilia thiab Yudas.

Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg kawm ntawv txoj kev kawm, cov tswv yim ntawm Velikovsky tau raug thuam. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg Ixayees, nws tau khov kho nyob rau hauv lub koob npe nrov ntawm ib tug charlatan. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, nws cov phau ntawv tau ua tau zoo ntawm cov pej xeem sawv daws, uas tuaj yeem muab piv rau qhov chaw nyob hauv Russia ntawm Anatoly Fomenko, tseem nyiam ntawm lwm txoj keeb kwm. Tab sis American zaum kuj tsis txhawb cov tswv yim no.

Cov ntaub ntawv Velikovsky

Vim hais tias ntawm lub accusations ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb, lub thiaj li hu "Velikovsky kev yi" tsoo tawm nyob rau hauv falsification. Lub hauv paus tsis tsuas yog nws txoj kev xav, tab sis kuj tus cwj pwm ntawm cov historian. Ib qho kev nyuab siab pib.

Kev khav theeb npoj cov phooj ywg nyob rau hauv lub khw tsis zoo rau lub siab ntsws thiab lub hlwb ntawm Velikovsky. Nws thiaj li, nws tuaj rau kev puas hlwb loj heev. Thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej thiab txoj hauj lwm, nws kawg tau poob txoj kev ntseeg nyob hauv kev sim siab yaum kom tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv nws tus kheej txoj cai. Txawm hais tias qhov no tsis tau ntxiv los tsim lawv cov tswv yim.

Txog kev txua dua ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb ancient tau sau ntau tshaj ib phau ntawv Velikovsky Immanuel. "Ntau pua xyoo hauv Chaos," piv txwv li, tau muab siv rau lub ntsiab lus no. Tab sis, zoo nkaus li feem ntau ntawm nws cov hauj lwm, cov hauj lwm tau aggressively tau txais los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb. Tib phau ntawv tau tos rau phau ntawv "Lub Ntiaj Teb hauv Coups". Immanuel Velikovsky thiab nws tus neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev hem, nws cov ntawv nqa khoom, thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa poob haujlwm.

Keeb kwm tshawb nrhiav

Qhov no yog li cas lub hom phiaj ntawm ntau cov phau ntawv uas Velikovsky Immanuel sau tau txiav txim siab. "Oedipus thiab Akhenaten" yog ib qho haujlwm zoo li no.

Tus nyeem ntawv yog devoted rau kev tshawb nrhiav txog keeb kwm secrets thiab mysteries. Qhov tseeb tsuas yog txiav txim siab rau lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm lub qub ntiaj teb thiab cov pov thawj.

Nyob ntawm lawv lub hauv paus, tus sau tau muab tso rau yav tom ntej, thaum xub thawj siab, tswv yim zoo kawg nkaus, uas tsis yooj yim sua kom ntseeg, txog thaum koj tau txais kev nkag mus hauv cov keeb kwm kev pom zoo. Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv no, tus kws sau ntawv los sim teb cov lus nug txog tus poj niam ntawm Sheba tiag tiag, tshaj li Falau Akhenaten thiab tus huab tais legendary Oedipus yog tib yam nkaus.

Ib tus kws ceev faj thiab cov kws lij choj keeb kwm, tau kawg, yuav xav tsis thoob, nws tau ntsib cov lus xaus uas Velikovsky ua. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tus nyeem ntawv yuav txaus siab. Nws tseem tos txog kev nyeem ntawv.

Nyob rau hauv dab tsi yog Velikovsky muaj tseeb?

Tshaj li lub sij hawm, nws muab tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm nws hypotheses Velikovsky yog txoj cai. Qhov no tau muaj pov thawj los ntawm kev tshawb fawb ntau dua thiab tshawb fawb.

Piv txwv, nws tus qauv hais tias ntiaj chaw Jupiter ua rau suab nrov nrov, uas tau hais tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv University of Pristone nyob rau xyoo 1953, ob xyoo tom qab ntawd cov neeg txawj saib hnub qub Franklin thiab Burke.

Nyob rau hauv 1969 Velikovsky hais tias lub daim av muaj ib tug magnetism cov cuab yeej. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv av los ntawm American spacecraft Apollo-14 thiab Apollo-15 paub tseeb tias qhov no.

Xyoo 1950, hauv nws phau ntawv "Worlds in a Collision," tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias, raws li nws cov lus teb, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm Venus yog ntau siab dua kub txawv. Thaum kawg, cov ntsiab lus no tau ua tiav 11 xyoo tom qab ntawd kom mus txog rau Drake.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv 1961, American chaw kuaj pom tseeb lwm qhov kev pom ntawm Velikovsky txog Venus. Nws muab tawm tias ntiaj chaw tsis muaj qee yam txawv txav. Piv txwv li, nws yog tus cwj pwm ntawm qhov kev sib hloov ntawm qhov kev sib hloov.

Nyob hauv tib phau ntawv, "Worlds nyob rau hauv kev sib tsoo," Velikovsky tau hais tias qhov ntom ntawm Venus yog ntau siab tshaj li ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv 60 lub ntiaj chaw lub ntiaj teb twb mus txog ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb interplanetary "Mariner", thiab nws muab tawm tiag tiag.

Tus kws tshawb fawb tuag nyob rau hauv 1979 hauv teb chaws USA, hauv lub nroog Princeton hauv xeev New Jersey. Nws yog 84 xyoos. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia hais tias los ntawm tag nrho cov scientific ntiaj teb tsuas Einstein ib txwm coj nws cov tswv yim tiag. Lwm tus raug txim, yog li ntawd ntawm nws cov thwjtim tom qab Velikovsky, daim duab ntawm kev tua neeg ntawm qhov tseeb, uas dogmatists thiab conservatives lom, twb tsau. Nyob rau hauv Lavxias, nws cov phau ntawv tsis tau luam tawm massively. Nws yog peev xwm mus nrhiav tau cov khoom sib cais xwb.